Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• PEG thiol with carboxylic acid termination was used. To obtain the dimanno-AuNPs, 50 mol % of the same carboxylic acid ligand was mixed with 50 mol % of a dimannoside (Manα1-2Man) thiourea PEG thiol. After purification and lyophilization, the nanoparticles were obtained as brown powders. Dynamic light

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• , enhanced purification techniques, and international cooperation will help governments to reduce MP contamination by a considerable extent, creating a safer environment for future generations. 9 Research gaps and future directions Even with increasing recognition of MP pollution, there are still major

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• class, substantial variability in structure and surface chemistry can arise depending on the synthesis and purification methods employed, resulting in divergent biological outcomes. For example, carbon dots (CDs) smaller than 6 nm are typically cleared rapidly via the renal route, whereas larger CDs

• , as they can be difficult to remove during purification and processing. Ongoing efforts are focused on developing methods to detect and quantify CCFs in CNM products and to better understand their potential toxicity. The biocompatibility of CNMs engineered as DDSs requires thorough, layered evaluation

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• sustainability of the approach due to the introduction of purification steps. In PLAL, the conditions created during laser ablation synthesis are favouring the formation and growth of near-spherical NPs. To date, much less research is performed regarding shape-controlled formation of anisotropic materials. For

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• modifications in recombinant protein expression systems [9]. Cell-Tak™ is a commercial mixture of mussel foot proteins Mfp-1 and Mfp-2 from Mytilus edulis [10] but purification of Mfp-based adhesives necessitates harvesting and chemical processing of large quantities of mussels, raising ecological and

• different conditions, will be further investigated through a detailed macro- and nanoscale study designed to understand the relationship between structural transitions and function of the protein in vivo. Experimental Recombinant protein expression and purification rPpolcp19k-his protein was expressed in E

• . coli BL21 (DE3) cells as previously described [21] and purified by two step purification, that is, immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by ion exchange chromatography (IEC). For IMAC, the Co-IDA resin column was washed with 25 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 150 mM NaCl and

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• these materials into existing water treatment systems. Similarly, the reviews by Yu et al. and Das et al. highlighted the purification potential of different nanomaterials but lack a detailed discussion on the risks and limitations of these materials, particularly in the context of water supply systems

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• , Brazil); soybean oil (Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil); Tween® 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil); purified water (obtained from a reverse osmosis purification equipment, model OS50 LX, Gehaka, Brazil) were used for nanoemulsion preparation. Mammalian cells were cultured in DMEM, High Glucose (Life Technologies, Cat

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• yield. Such properties are promising for applications including photocatalytic water purification, self-cleaning surfaces, and light-activated antimicrobial coatings [20]. The elemental composition of the modified films was characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• frequently involve non-biodegradable monomers, generate non-biocompatible byproducts, and require extensive purification to eliminate potentially toxic residues, thereby complicating scalability and regulatory compliance. Moreover, the use of free radicals or ultraviolet light to initiate polymerization

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• analytical grade reagents were used as received from the supplier without further purification. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q® (Merck Millipore) direct water purification system (18.2 MΩ·cm) and used for all aqueous solutions. L-929 cells (code 0188) were obtained from the Banco de Células do

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• prepared from a reverse osmosis purification equipment (model OS50 LX, Gehaka, São Paulo, Brazil). All other reagents were of analytical grade. Venom Lyophilized Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom was generously supplied by the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil. The scientific use of the biological

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• filtration and activated carbon particle filtration, have been utilized in drinking water treatment plants to enhance MP removal [54]. Chemical processes Chemical treatment involves the use of specific reagents that initiate a series of chemical reactions aimed at enhancing the purification of water. This

• structural features have made them valuable in water purification process [85]. When subjected to heat, LDHs release interlayer water and anions. This results in the formation of double-layered oxides (LDO). Both LDO and LDHs have shown effectiveness in adsorption processes for removing organic pollutants

• explored for applications such as water treatment and purification [114]. Yang et al. [120] introduced for the first time a membrane with an enhanced water permeability. This membrane was obtained by selectively etching Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded within Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, followed by vacuum filtration

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• without further purification. Deionized water was used for all the experiments. Synthesis of TiO2 nanowires on carbon cloth The synthesis follows basically our previous study but on a larger scale [16]. In brief, a 5 cm × 10 cm piece of carbon cloth (CC) underwent three cleaning cycles using ethyl alcohol

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• . Ethylenediamine and maleic anhydride (99%) were obtained from Alfa Aesar and used as received without further purification. Standard solutions of Pb and Cd (1000 ppm) were procured from Merck with a purity of 99.99% and used as received. Characterizations Raman spectroscopy was conducted using a JASCO NRS-5000

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• . Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) were purchased from Prolabo, Kennersburg, NJ, USA. Chemicals were used without any purification. Deionized (DI) water with a resistance of 18 MΩ·cm (Milli-Q) was used in all the experiments. All glasswares were cleaned with aqua regia before use. Synthesis of seeds A total of 10 mL of

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• )), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (99.5%), and AgNO3 (0.1 mol·L−1 in H2O) were all sourced from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Ammonia was obtained from Harbin Dongfang Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All chemical reagents were utilized as received without further purification. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• phthalocyanine (AlClPc, 98%), iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc, 95%), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc, >95%), and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DBPF) were purchased from TCI Chemicals. All materials were used without further purification. Aqueous solution samples were prepared with deionized water. Fabrication and

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• successful in producing CCA NPs, they come with certain drawbacks. For instance, carbothermal synthesis requires an electrically conductive substrate, making it unsuitable for large-scale production [37]. Pyrolysis requires purification steps to eliminate polymer impurities and also result in phase

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• , this adsorbent offers a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials that pose environmental risks. In addition to wastewater treatment, this material could be utilized in medicine, pharmaceuticals, air purification, and environmental monitoring. Results and Discussion Experimental optimization

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• the substrate. Metallic structures can be fabricated directly or through post-purification methods, such as water-assisted treatment, which has been effective for Au and Pt deposits [10]. Interestingly, morphological changes in the underlying SiO2 layer were observed during the process, resembling

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• . discussed several applications of CNFs. Thin CNFs have a large surface area and are used for adsorptive hydrogen storage. Also, CNFs are used as electrode materials in supercapacitors. They can also be used for water purification and carbon capture and storage [20]. LPG gas contains a flammable mixture of

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• (Germany) and were used without further purification. Electrodeposition of gold nanoflowers The electrodeposition of AuNFs was carried out to increase the surface area of the electrodes. The AuNFs were synthesized following a method from the literature [56] with some modifications. Briefly, 50 μL of a 2 mM