Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• ]. The combined analytical flow and instrumentation for MP characterization, such as digestion, preparation, and analytical processes like microscopy, spectroscopy, and thermal analysis, is presented in Figure 4. 4.3 Challenges in quantification and identification under alpine conditions MPs assessment

• samples from the environment makes nanoscale plastics yet another challenge. Sophisticated methods such as thermal extraction desorption (TED) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are now routinely used to detect these particles. But these methods involve a lot of expertise and equipment. The

• and increases ROS generation, even below freezing temperatures. It has also been suggested that hybrid nanomaterials, which include photocatalysts and thermal insulators, can minimize the impacts of temperature during remediation while maintaining optimum activity [77]. GO–metal oxide composites are

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• graphene-based electronics and as a dielectric material in nanoelectronics devices. It finds application regarding corrosion resistance and antioxidation protective coatings [19]. Due to its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, h-BN is used in thermal management applications. h-BN is used

• electronic properties of pristine graphene [7]. Here, we consider the effect of the Stone–Wales defect; this is a result of thermal structural isomerization of the graphene lattice where a bond is rotated by 90°, resulting to the isomerization of a 6–6 ring structure to an isoelectronic 7–5 ring structure

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• chromatography–mass spectrometry and thermal analysis. A full factorial design, followed by a Box–Behnken design, was employed to optimize the formulation based on critical quality attributes and the defined quality target product profile. The optimized ME presented a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 22 nm

• healing [17][18][19]. In addition to its chemical characterization, the thermal stability in inert atmosphere (N2) of OPS was assessed. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an initial mass loss of less than 1% (Tonset = 60 °C), likely associated with the evaporation of residual solvent entrapped in

• the oil matrix. A second thermal event began (Tonset = 384 °C) corresponding to the thermal degradation of the oil (Figure 1). This thermal behavior is consistent with that reported for P. edulis seed oil, which exhibited a similar decomposition profile [20]. Quality by design approach Defining the

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• be possible to reduce the bow effect observed for the tube piezo extension by leaving more accommodation time between the voltage steps. However, in this case, thermal drift is likely to deteriorate the measurement by similar amounts as the observed creep. The fact that the measured tube piezo

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• at least five force–distance curves acquired on a rigid sapphire surface. The standard deviation of these measurements was consistently less than 5%. Subsequently, the spring constant was calibrated using the thermal tune method. The cantilever was retracted more than 5 μm from the sample surface to

• record its thermal vibration power spectral density. A fit to the fundamental resonance peak, based on the equipartition theorem, yielded the spring constant. Characterization of higher eigenmodes The resonant frequencies of the higher eigenmodes were characterized by performing a frequency sweep using

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• (Figure 8f). The thermal energy at T = 260 K is approximately 2 kJ·mol−1. The difference in interaction enthalpies of two enantiomers with a chiral surface depends on many factors, but it is exactly in the range of 1–2 kJ·mol−1 [18][67], which we could deduce from ESR spectroscopy. If (+)-3CP is more

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• membrane applications. Thermal and crystalline analyses demonstrated improved thermal stability upon NE-βCp incorporation. Collectively, these results provide robust evidence for the feasibility of producing multifunctional nanofiber membranes that successfully integrate a polymer–lipid hybrid core

• the nanofiber spectra confirmed the complete encapsulation of the core material by the PLA shell. This observation aligns with the cross-sectional analysis results, where a coated core–shell structure was evident following the removal of the HA+NE2 core. Thermal behavior and crystallinity of

• nanofibers The thermal properties and crystallinity of NF-PLA (monolithic), NF-HA/PLA, and NF-HA+NE2/PLA nanofibers were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal behavior and crystallinity of the nanofibers mats of βCp

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• : thermal evaporation and explosive ejection [1]. According to the thermal evaporation mechanism, the action of a laser beam on the surface of a solid target initiates the absorption of the laser pulse energy. This results in initiation of melting and ionization with the formation of a plasma plume near the

• ), the thermal evaporation is preferential [1], while for picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses of lower power density, the explosive ejection mechanism typically prevails resulting in NP formation at earlier stages from the ejected droplets or fragments. 1.3 Nanoparticle nucleation and growth After

• sufficient time for thermal processes of heating and melting to occur (Figure 7a,f). These mild conditions favour the heating and melting of NPs instead of their fragmentation, which is required for targeted shape change. The laser parameters required to melt the particles by laser pulses can be determined

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• reference material, rather than calculated directly from the dynamics models of the cantilever. We measured the cantilever displacement with very high sampling frequencies over the course of the experiment and captured its oscillations that result from thermal energy. Using short-term Fourier

• transformations, it was possible to fit the thermal resonance peak of the normal displacement to track the frequency and Q-factor of the cantilever during an experiment, using a similar process to that used to calibrate the normal bending stiffness of cantilevers. With this quantitative data, we have used the

• technique, spectral analysis of the thermal motion in the deflection of AFM cantilevers has shown promise as a lower-cost, less equipment-intensive mechanism to access the dynamic and time-evolving oscillatory characteristics of the cantilever [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these techniques, the cantilever

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• not very high reproducibility and stability. Another fabrication method is the Manhattan technology [28] with deep orthogonal groves in the resist, see Figure 1b,c. Both methods are based on thermal evaporation at different angles and rotation of substrate, requiring rather sophisticated and expensive

• deposition plants with thermal or e-beam evaporation. A much more available and simple deposition equipment is magnetron sputtering, but it provides only isotropic deposition, which is incompatible with anisotropic shadow evaporation. The practical solution for a magnetron sputtering is selective etching of

• electrical response to thermal heating of the absorber by direct current, for example, in [12][14][33][34][35]. But in practice, the electrical response to heating by direct current is always significantly higher than the optical response for microwave, terahertz, or IR radiation. This is explained by the

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• . aegypti mosquitoes using thermal fogging techniques in outdoor environments [104]. This superior performance was attributed to the reduced droplet size, which facilitates penetration through mesothoracic spiracles and into the inner walls of the mesothoracic trachea, thereby increasing insect mortality

• ultrasound, with a ratio of 1:0.5 (oil/surfactant, polysorbate 80) and Milli-Q water. It presented an average size of 52.18 nm (±4.53), a polydispersity index of 0.237 (±0.006), and thermal stability. In bioassays, third instar larvae exposed to concentrations between 5 and 150 ppm showed LC50 of 58.72 ppm

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• noise, pointing to its crucial role in the context of force sensitivity. Through analysis of noise measurements we determine the effective temperature of the cantilever eigenmode and we determine the region of detector operation in which the sensor is thermal-noise-limited. Our analysis shows that the

• can therefore be made light and compact, significantly reducing their susceptibility to external vibrations, the complexity of vibration isolation, and their thermal mass. For this prototype, we implement a rather simple vibration isolation which, as we will show, is sufficient to demonstrate imaging

• determined by all sources of noise. The total noise can be expressed as the sum of the power spectral densities (PSDs) of uncorrelated contributions such as the thermal fluctuations in cantilever deflection (Ω) [m2/Hz] at the effective mode temperature T, measurement back action noise , and the frequency

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• performance for six cycles with only a 5% efficiency loss, and enabled in situ degradation of MPs through thermal treatment to prevent desorption risks [75]. A high capture efficiency of microplastics was also achieved using novel magnetic composite nanoparticles composed of silica, gelatin, and chitosan. At

• degradation, indicating their potential as next-generation solutions. By using coprecipitation and thermal decomposition, Aragón et al. synthesized magnetic nanoparticles to capture PE MPs. The results demonstrated that the thermal decomposition method achieved a capture efficiency of 69.3 ± 2.1% [89

• ., “Catalytic degradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by Co-N/C@CeO2 composite in thermal-assisted activation PMS system: Process mechanism and toxicological analysis”, Article No. 163192, Copyright (2025), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Illustration of

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• thermal degradation of sensitive compounds, as well as excessive loss of volatile substances such as PHYT [30]. The small droplet size results in a large surface area, which enables effective interaction with biological membranes and consequently enhances drug penetration and retention [31]. Key

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• , coefficient of linear thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal strain, and Grüneisen parameter at constant pressure) were empirically determined for the first time in the range of temperatures 70 < T < 293 K. These observables were all correlated with the C-band frequency (ωLCC) dependence on the temperature

• parameter; linear carbon chains; Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Phonons, their mutual interactions (ph–ph interactions), and their interactions with electrons (e–ph interactions) play fundamental roles in how materials respond to electric (e.g., difference of potentials), thermal (e.g., temperature

• materials as well as the understanding of how such phonons relate to thermal and mechanical properties of the materials become of fundamental importance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. One important point to keep in mind is

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• , this synergistic strategy presents a promising approach to circumvent chemotherapy resistance in cancer treatment. In general, DNA aptamers have higher thermal stability, RNA aptamers are richer in secondary structure, and peptide aptamers are smaller in size and easier to enter cells [29]. Furthermore

• advantages of high thermal, pH, and enzyme stability of RNA nanocarriers [106]. Li et al. first confirmed abnormal expression of miR-375 and EGFR in ESCC tissues, and modified EGFR aptamers on the surface of RNA nanovectors to achieve high loading and active targeting of miR-375 and PTX. MiR-375

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• bioactivity. No signs of oxidation or thermal degradation were observed at this temperature. TGA and DSC analyses confirm that degradation processes begin only above 340 °C, ensuring that the oil’s quality and functional properties are preserved during formulation. The optimal lecithin concentration was

• the titration of the LO sample (mL), VB is the volume of KOH solution required for blank solvent titration (mL), [KOH] is the concentration of ethanolic KOH solution (0.093 mol·L−1), MA is the mass of the LO sample used (g), and 56.1 g·mol−1 is the molecular weight of KOH. Thermal analysis

• Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of LO (20.5 mg) were performed using a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) 449 F3 Jupiter (NETZSCH, Germany). The samples were scanned from 25 to 700 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere with a flow rate of 50

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• FEA in Ansys (ver. 2024 R2, Ansys, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA). Expansion was modeled using thermal stress analysis (a combination of the steady-state thermal and static structural solvers). The thermal expansion coefficients of the three tissues involved (sclereid layer, sclerenchyma fibers, and brown

• , together with previously published bilayer models, show that the analytical analysis of such a complex drying movement is a sensitive system of selected expansion coefficients, mechanical properties, and geometric models. It should be noted that the modeling of sorption/desorption of water via thermal

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• ]. Four InAs samples with varying native (samples A, B, and C) or thermal oxide (sample G) layers were exposed to TDMAHf at ~200 °C under ~10−3 mbar pressure. Results showed that TDMAHf interacts with the surface oxide to produce HfO2 already in the first half-cycle, a “self-cleaning” effect that removes

•  11 shows high-resolution photoelectron spectra of As 3d, In 4d, and Hf 4f core levels before and after the first TDMAHf half-cycle on the four samples. The oxide peaks of As and In disappear for all the thermal oxide (samples A–C), and HfOx peaks emerge consistently across samples with differing

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• consistent and efficient adsorption across reuse cycles. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a distinctive group of 2D inorganic materials known for their remarkable physical and chemical characteristics. Their exceptional ion exchange ability, large surface area, high thermal stability, and customizable

• associated modules. The efficiency of a membrane system is primarily governed by the material used in its construction. Enhancing membranes with functional nanomaterials provides a promising path to boost permeability, reduce fouling, and increase both mechanical and thermal durability, while also enabling

• -dimensional nanomaterials, have received interest across scientific fields owing to their exceptional chemical and thermal stability. Their chemical formula is Mn+1XnTx (n = 1, 2, or 3), where M denotes an early transition metal such as titanium, molybdenum, or vanadium, while X denotes carbon and nitrogen

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• , allows for thermal and mechanical stresses to be controlled locally, is known as functionally graded materials (FGMs). By means of a gradual composition and microstructure, FGMs can reduce interfacial stress, allowing for precise tailoring of mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, and

• pressure during hot pressing also play a crucial role in the development of stable materials. The thermal conductivity is reduced by increasing the glass fiber content; thus, the molecular movement of the polymer is reduced, which affects the tensile modulus and the maximal strength of the material [41

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• quite a long time [24][25] that the fluctuations of thermal and magnetic energy of an atomistic system can be described in the framework of the Langevin theory. To solve stochastic differential equations, which are the basis of this theory, random forces χ(t) and η(t), characterized by the following

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• layers are also increasingly expected to provide resistance against mechanical shocks, electromagnetic shielding, and thermal dissipation. The development of new material systems capable of fulfilling these multifunctional requirements is essential for expanding the practical utility of bioresorbable

• degradation. While polymeric and inorganic coatings have demonstrated partial success, a unified encapsulation platform capable of addressing water barrier performance, mechanical robustness, and multifunctional protection, such as electromagnetic shielding or thermal dissipation, remains an unmet need. To

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• application in numerous fields [18][19][20][21][22][23]. CNTs are particularly attractive as support materials due to their high specific surface area, mechanical strength, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity [24][25][26][27]. CNTs themselves have been utilized as adsorbents for removing heavy

• and 150 °C for the unfunctionalized CNTs, which is attributed to the release of physically adsorbed water. Moreover, bare CNTs exhibited thermal stability up to 800 °C with a residual weight of 97.80% suggesting the absence of organic functional groups. In contrast, CNTs functionalized with MA and EDA

• (CNTs-G0) exhibited a distinct thermal behavior displaying an initial weight loss around 150 °C, which is likely due to the loss of water, followed by significant thermal degradation around 500 °C, corresponding to the decomposition of carboxyl groups. The CNTs-G0 sample retained 81.58% of its weight at