Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

• Roberto Guarino,
• Gianluca Costagliola,
• Federico Bosia and
• Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

• analytically, by reducing the equation describing the contact of a rigid flat punch to a singular integral equation, and numerically, through the finite-element method [28][29]. In this paper, we extend the previous work on 1D composite surfaces [30] to 2D geometries to show how it is possible to tune the

• friction. We study this system by means of two numerical methods: a 2D spring-block model (SBM) and 3D finite-element method (FEM) simulations. The two methods are complementary in many aspects, so that by using both it is possible to cross-check the results and obtain interesting insights from different

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• time prohibitive. R1(λ) is defined as the reflectance of the tested simulation. In this study, the validation of RCWA is performed by comparison to simulation results obtained by applying different simulation techniques (finite element method (FEM) for nanotextures and RT/TMM for microtextures). In

Metal–dielectric hybrid nanoantennas for efficient frequency conversion at the anapole mode

• Valerio F. Gili,
• Lavinia Ghirardini,
• Davide Rocco,
• Giuseppe Marino,
• Ivan Favero,
• Iännis Roland,
• Giovanni Pellegrini,
• Lamberto Duò,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Luca Carletti,
• Andrea Locatelli,
• Aristide Lemaître,
• Dragomir Neshev,
• Costantino De Angelis,
• Giuseppe Leo and
• Michele Celebrano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2306–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.215

• phase opposition) at the fundamental wavelength (λ = 1554 nm). We investigated the scattering characteristics of this structure at near-IR wavelengths by using finite element method (FEM) simulations in COMSOL. The incident light is a plane wave with a wave vector, k, parallel to the cylinder axis and

Nonlinear effect of carrier drift on the performance of an n-type ZnO nanowire nanogenerator by coupling piezoelectric effect and semiconduction

• Yuxing Liang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Xuedong Chen and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1917–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.183

• the finite element method for P from 0.7 nN to 80 nN, where the ZnO nanowire has a diameter d = 50 nm and its c-axis is oriented along the x3-direction. The material constants are given below in Equation 9 [36][37][38][39][40][41] with ε0 = 8.8542·10−12 F/ m. For a bent n-type ZNW in the linear regime

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• same results. Advanced filter functionality including non-rectangular frequency filters might require a dedicated data analysis software. Simulations The numerical simulations were done with COMSOL Multiphysics using the finite element method. To reproduce the experimental conditions, a 632.8 nm s

Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film

• Kalpana Singh,
• Evgeniy Panchenko,
• Babak Nasr,
• Amelia Liu,
• Lukas Wesemann,
• Timothy J. Davis and
• Ann Roberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140

• slot, but the relative phase between the modes differs between the excitations in each aperture. Insight into our results is obtained through modelling the radiation emitted by a point dipole in close proximity to the air–gold surface using the finite element method. Experimental A gold film of

• wavelength peak, however, is more strongly dependent on the geometry and is red-shifted for the larger structure. Simulations The finite element method implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (v 5.3) was used to gain insight into the experimentally obtained CL results shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. In the model

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• membrane was modeled through the finite element method (FEM) using COMSOL Multiphysics (Comsol Multiphysics GmbH, Göttingen, Germany) (see Supporting Information File 1 for further details). Experiment and model fit very well for all geometries chosen. The remarkably high conductance of the porous

Fatigue crack growth characteristics of Fe and Ni under cyclic loading using a quasi-continuum method

• Ren-Zheng Qiu,
• Yi-Chen Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1000–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.93

• better than that of the MD method for large-scale materials [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The results were discussed in terms of the atomic stress field and force–distance curves. Methodology The QC method, which is a multiscale method that couples MD and the finite element method to analyze the

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• theta pipette and compare it with a finite element method (FEM) model that implements both Navier–Stokes equations to model the fluid flow and convection–diffusion equations to model molecular diffusion (see Experimental section for a detailed discussion). In the experiment, the fluid is being withdrawn

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• polarized irradiation along various axes was combined with theoretical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM). In situ XAS was used to understand the electronic structural changes caused by the electromagnetic field upon the surface of plasmonic materials [108]. Designing the physical

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

• Jonathan Ward,
• Khosro Zangeneh Kamali,
• Lei Xu,
• Guoquan Zhang,
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko and
• Mohsen Rahmani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 460–467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.44

• . We characterize the optical properties of the sample during the heating process based on the refractive index variations of the material at different temperatures, which has been measured experimentally [37]. The nonlinear process of our sample is emulated using the finite element method solver in

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• describe the roughness of scattering objects include the finite element method (FEM) [29], the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method [30], the coupled wave method (CWM) [31], the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) [32][33], for which the meshing of the rough surface may be critical for computation

Optimizing qPlus sensor assemblies for simultaneous scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy operation based on finite element method analysis

• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 657–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.70

• perturbation of the ideal vertical oscillation behavior using the finite element method (FEM). Building on an earlier study that quantified the performance of qPlus sensors without tips as a function of the location and amount of epoxy glue used to mount the fork onto its holder [26], we model in this work

Computing the T-matrix of a scattering object with multiple plane wave illuminations

• Martin Fruhnert,
• Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton,
• Vassilios Yannopapas and
• Carsten Rockstuhl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 614–626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.66

• illuminating it with multiple plane waves and analyzing the scattered fields. Calculating these fields is readily done by widely available tools. The finite element method is particularly advantageous, because it is fast and efficient. We demonstrate the T-matrix calculation at four examples of relevant

• scattering coefficients and, ultimately, the T-matrix, are deduced from the scattered fields. These fields can be calculated with established methods, such as the finite element method but, in general, any other of the aforementioned methods can be considered as well. The resulting T-matrix is then

Multimodal cantilevers with novel piezoelectric layer topology for sensitivity enhancement

• Steven Ian Moore,
• Michael G. Ruppert and
• Yuen Kuan Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 358–371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.38

• actuator gain and sensor sensitivity of the piezoelectric transducer to flexural and torsional modes. First, using the finite element method, modal analysis is performed on the cantilever topology shown in Figure 1 to calculate the mode shapes. For mode 1 to mode 4 (M1–M4), the simulated mode shapes of the

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

• Yan Beygelzimer,
• Roman Kulagin,
• Laszlo S. Toth and
• Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

• illustrate this conclusion by finding a numerical solution to a concrete HPT problem using the finite element method. Moreover, we will use numerical modeling to show that whenever a given hardening curve has an interval of power dependence, the process will enter a self-similar regime. The regime persists

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• pipetted into the PDMS ring and an (ac) field applied. Images were taken in the green channel with a frame-transfer intensified CCD camera (Cascade 512:B, Roper Scientific) using the MetaMorph software (Molecular Devices). Finite element method simulations For the two dimensional visualization of the gold

• -nanoparticle modified DNA structure, (b) plain DNA structure at the left electrode, and (c) absence of a DNA nanostructure as obtained from finite element method simulations. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 76: Sequences of staple strands. Acknowledgements We kindly acknowledge financial

• support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (contracts: DFG 1401, ME 1256/12-2 and EXC1056) and the ESF (contract 100111059 (MindNano)). The authors would like to thank Matthias Thiele (IFTE, TU Dresden) for help and discussions on finite element method simulations.

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• -field enhancement than on the mass or absorption cross-section of the nanostructure. These findings can be used to advance the nanoparticle-based nanoscale manipulation of matter. Keywords: electron plasma; finite element method; optical breakdown; plasmon coupling; plasmonic nanoparticles

• arbitrarily shaped objects and cannot be used with plasmon-coupled systems. The model by Boulais et al. [31] is more complete and is based on the finite element method where all physical phenomena can be fully two-way coupled. The model includes the electromagnetic interaction of the laser pulse with gold

• element method. The thresholds of optical breakdown for off- and on-resonance irradiated gold nanosphere monomers were compared against nanosphere dimers, trimers, and gold nanorods with the same overall size and aspect ratio. The optical breakdown thresholds had a stronger dependence on the optical near

Free vibration of functionally graded carbon-nanotube-reinforced composite plates with cutout

• Mostafa Mirzaei and
• Yaser Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 511–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.45

• FG-CNTRC structures. Zhu et al. [4] investigated the free vibration and static response of FG-CNTRC plates using finite element method [4]. Zhang et al. investigated the free vibration characteristics of FG-CNTRC skew plates [5], triangular plates [6] and cylindrical panels [7] using element free

Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool

• John D. Parkin and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 492–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.43

• escaping from the microchannel and the cantilevers, we performed finite element method simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics [37]. The mesh independence of the results was confirmed by mesh refinement. The forces applied to the cantilever by the fluid flow were extracted from the simulations. Figure 3

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• ] we compared the experimental results with theoretical simulations obtained by a finite element method (FEM). In the present paper, we adopt a previously reported procedure for AgNC preparation [22] but we systematically explore the interplay between graphene oxide coverage and the morphology of the

Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy

• Gabriele C. Messina,
• Mario Malerba,
• Pierfrancesco Zilio,
• Ermanno Miele,
• Michele Dipalo,
• Lorenzo Ferrara and
• Francesco De Angelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50

• ] can be accomplished, suggesting the possibility of covering large areas such as chips, printed circuit boards (PCBs) or multielectrode array (MEA) surfaces. To fully understand the potential of nanofabricated arrays, numerical calculations based on finite element method analysis aimed at modeling the

• exposed polymer is insoluble and remains attached to the membrane, representing an exact replica of the milled structure. Finite element method simulations were performed using the software COMSOL Multiphysics. Raman spectra were recorded with a Renishaw InVia spectrometer using 633 nm and 514 nm laser

• magnifications showing the array of antennas fabricated for this work. Electric field amplitude of silver antennas as a function of height and external radius. The maximum value of the field enhancement was found at an excitation wavelength of λ = 630 nm for H = 1400 and R = 80 nm. (a) Finite element method

Mechanical properties of sol–gel derived SiO₂ nanotubes

• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Leonid M Dorogin,
• Mikk Vahtrus,
• Roberts Zabels,
• Sven Lange and
• Rünno Lõhmus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.191

• performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) under ambient conditions. Half-suspended and three-point bending tests were processed in the framework of linear elasticity theory. Finite element method simulations were used to extract Young’s modulus values from the nanoindentation data. Finally, the Young’s

• solutions based on elasticity theory were used to process cantilever-beam and three-point-bending tests data, while the data from nanoindentation experiments were fitted by using finite element method (FEM) simulations and compared with the analytical models (thin shell or membrane model and Hertz model

• indentation is limited to the thin-shell or membrane case [27]. Therefore, for the case of thick shells studied in this work, we employed finite element method (FEM, COMSOL Multiphysics) models instead, where all geometric parameters can be taken into account. The Solid Mechanics module was used, where the

Calibration of quartz tuning fork spring constants for non-contact atomic force microscopy: direct mechanical measurements and simulations

• Jens Falter,
• Marvin Stiefermann,
• Gernot Langewisch,
• Philipp Schurig,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Harald Fuchs and
• André Schirmeisen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 507–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.59

• along the prong of the tuning fork. The results show a significant deviation from values calculated with the beam formula. In order to understand this discrepancy the complete sensor set-up has been digitally rebuilt and analyzed by using finite element method simulations. These simulations provide a

• the formula show large discrepancies up to a factor of 5. In the next step we use extensive finite element method (FEM) modeling of the precise geometry of the tuning fork sensor in order to understand these deviations. The simulations show quantitative agreement with the beam formula if the beam

• determination of “qPlus” sensor stiffness. The combination of finite element method simulation with experimental measurements allows a comprehensive understanding of the spring constant behavior alongside the whole length of the free prong. This knowledge finally opens the opportunity to adapt the beam formula

Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures

• Ulrich Herr,
• Barat Achinuq,
• Cahit Benel,
• Giorgos Papageorgiou,
• Manuel Goncalves,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Peter Marek and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 306–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.34

• module, which solves the Maxwell equations in the frequency domain based on the finite-element method. Bowtie model antenna structures have been defined with geometries close to the experimental ones. The aim was to calculate the relative electrical field enhancement factor E/E0 of the local field