A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• depth. The incident angle is θ. In our work, the numerical simulations have been performed by using a commercial software of Lumerical FDTD solutions, which is based on the finite-difference time-domain method, and the light source we used for exciting the grating coupler is a Gaussian laser beam. The

• laser (the center wavelength is ca. 7 μm) as the light source to test the coupling efficiency of the experimental samples. The MIR laser is coupled into a single-mode ZrF4 optical fiber via a black diamond-2 aspheric lens [1]. The light from the single-mode ZrF4 optical fiber is coupled into the

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• , with a D65 light source (Shenzhen, China). XRD diffractograms of (a) alumina showing the θ-Al2O3 phase, (b) sample 1 showing a mixture of alumina and eskolaite phases Cr2O3, and (c) sample 2 showing a mixture of alumina and hematite phases (α-Fe2O3). Raman spectroscopy of (a) sample 1, which presents

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• photophysical properties and hydrophobicity through organic reactions. In general, DPP dyes have high photoluminescence quantum yields, but they have a relatively low photostability, degrading after 150 min under a collimated 300 W Xe lamp light source. It was previously reported that introducing electron

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• pH value of the effluent, the dosage of the photocatalyst, the initial concentration of the target pollutant, the dosage of oxidants, and the type of light source. To lower the overall cost of water treatment, the photocatalyst must be effective under all types of light, including direct sunlight, UV

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• therapy (PDT) employs a light-sensitive medicine (photosensitizer) and a light source to destroy abnormal cells [72][73]. The photosensitizer absorbs the light and is activated to kill target tissue. In many cases, reactive oxygen species (ROSs) such as singlet oxygen (1O2) generated from 3O2 by a

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• , and the characteristics of irradiation source [12][13][14][15][16][17]. For biomedical applications, to achieve maximum light penetration, a light source of spectral output within 700–900 nm (NIR-I range, termed therapeutic window) is required [18][19][20]. Here, the photothermal conversion efficiency

• broadband light source and a near-infrared laser (for comparison). Gold nanospheres (GNSs) of 40 nm diameter and gold nanorods (GNRs) of sizes 25 × 47 nm, 10 × 38 nm, and 10 × 41 nm were examined. The photothermal conversion efficiency for these GNPs is reported for different nanoparticle concentrations and

• , respectively, the amounts of absorbed energy and energy dissipated to the medium. The absorbed energy Qabsorb is defined as: Here, Pinput is the incident optical power from the light source, Ptrans is the power transmitted through the GNP suspension, and η is the photothermal conversion efficiency. The energy

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• light source and the 20 mL vials with samples was 5 cm. Hydroxyl radical production The CQDs/PU composite samples in the form of 1 × 1 × 0.1 cm3 rectangular slabs were immersed in 2 mL of terephthalic acid (TA, Sigma-Aldrich) water/NaOH (2 × 10−3 mol/L) solution. The concentration of TA was 5 × 10−4 mol

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• 561.4 nm, typically incident at 0.2 mW after filtering, was used as the incident light source. The collimated light from an optical fibre was spatially filtered through a 300 μm aperture and a polariser aligned to the plane of rotation ensuring p-polarisation for SPP excitation as seen in Figure 2. The

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• electrodes were a Pt counter electrode, a Ag/AgCl 3 M reference electrode, and a MoS2/TNAs or g-C3N4/TNAs working electrode in a 1 M Na2SO4 (pH 7.4) electrolyte solution. The light source used in this study was a 150 W Xe lamp (ABET Instruments) with a calibrated luminous intensity of 100 mW·cm−2 and a UV

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• , respectively. The setup consists of a 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte/hole-scavenger solution along with LED lamps as a visible light source. The working electrode was fabricated through an ITO-PTFE electrode (dimensions: 1 cm × 1 cm) drop casted with a slurry of the studied materials, isopropanol and Nafion solution

• a voltage buildup which subsequently decayed upon quenching of the light source [31]. The obtained photovoltage plots were subsequently fitted with an exponential decay curve. The MBN-80 demonstrated a reduced decay time (4.55 s) in comparison to that of HBN (2.65 s) emphasizing an efficient charge

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• plate where it quickly solidifies [151]. In the microstereolithographic method, a prepared polymer or a mixture of polymers undergoes polymerization under the influence of a high-energy light source (e.g., UV radiation) [150]. Digital light processing (DLP) is also a technology based on

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• photocatalytic activity of as-prepared MgO@g-C3N4 was evaluated by monitoring NO degradation. The photocatalytic NO removal experiments were performed using a 4.5 L reaction chamber and a Xenon lamp (300 W) as the visible light source. The initial NO concentration was 500 ppb, the flow rate was 1.5 L·min−1, and

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• in the dark for 30 min to equilibrate the adsorption. Subsequently, the suspensions were illuminated by a 30 W LED or an 18 W high-pressure mercury lamp. The light source was fixed at a distance of 20 cm from the surface of the reactor. After fixed illumination times, 5 mL was withdrawn and

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• complexes might compete with the hydroxyl radicals, eliciting a degradation of the reaction performance [18]. In recent years, the Fenton method has gradually developed into a new scenario of oxidation method, called photo-Fenton, which is facilitated or driven by the light source. Compared with a typical

• photocatalytic activity of LaFexNi1−xO3 photocatalysts was examined by evaluating the performance of photocatalytic MB degradation. 300 W Xe-lamp equipped with AM 1.5G filter (Newport Corporation, USA) was used as the light source in the degradation experiment. The light intensity was adjusted to 100 mW/cm2

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• × 1.0 cm2) and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) were used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The Na2SO4 aqueous solution (0.5 M) was employed as the electrolyte and a xenon lamp with a 420 nm cutoff filter was used as the light source. The corresponding sample (5.0 mg) was

• electrode. Photocatalytic experiments The photocatalytic experiments were conducted on the XPA-1 photoreactor (Nanjing Xujiang, China) under a constant temperature (20 °C), and a 350 W xenon lamp with a 420 nm cutoff filter was employed as the visible-light source, which was kept in a horizontal distance of

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• influence of the photocurrent [35][36][37]. The ultraviolet (UV) light source was a He–Cd laser (Kimmon Koha) with a wavelength of 325 nm and a laser power of 2 mW. A lens was equipped on a xyz-scanner in the UHV chamber to focus the laser onto the sample with a beam diameter of 500 µm. A band-pass filter

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• , Madison, USA). A xenon lamp was used as a light source. The glass samples were mounted on a holder and inserted into the light path. Optical transmittance was measured by subtracting the signal from a baseline reference signal obtained when a clean glass substrate without graphene was inserted into the

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• devices upon irradiation at a wavelength of 490 to 540 nm and DC bias (USD) of 0.1 to 1.2 V (Figure 5a). Current vs time traces were recorded while the light source was switched on and off for a period needed until a stable current was recorded. The period was varied between 30 s and several minutes. The

• off of the light source. This peak is not observed for Ru(TP)2-complex wire devices. Obviously, local surface plasmons are excited by the incident light and the oscillating electron density on the AuNP surface in the electrical field between the nanoelectrodes leads to a parasitic current, which is

• dark current, ΔIL_D; inset: on/off ratio. Red bars indicate one standard deviation. (b) Half-life of current decline after the peak induced by switching the light source “on” or “off”. Binding energies (in eV) of C 1s, Ru 3d5/2, and O 1s core levels given for the consecutive wire growth steps shown in

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• promising application of gold nanostructures with CUR-loaded alginate microgels, which showed photothermal properties. High CUR retention and preferential toxicity against cancerous cells was also shown. The photoactive agent, wavelength, time of exposure, and distance to the light source are important

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• large angles between cell and light source. The magnesium-doped zinc oxide films exhibited grain growth mode on sample B. Close to the silicon surface, only small grains were grown initially. The size of the MZO grains varies but does not exceed a value of 50 nm. Then (for larger distances from the Si

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• region exhibits temperatures around 800 K while the bridges stay close to room temperature. The resonance frequency of the fundamental mode is 12.5 MHz (cf. Figure 6b) and exhibits a quality factor of about 300 without laser heating. When suspended graphene is heated by a light source, the built-in

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• equilibrium. The suspension was then irradiated under a UV light source under constant stirring. The photocatalytic reaction was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy on each solution aliquot (1 mL) taken at 10 min intervals. The UV–vis spectra recorded at the maximum absorbance for methyl violet dye (464 nm

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• experiments The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated regarding the degradation of RhB in water at room temperature under visible light using high-power LEDs with an emission wavelength of λ > 420 nm as a light source. In a typical experiment, 50 mL of dye solution (concentration of rhodamine B

• transformed by a Kubelka–Munk model in order to obtain the bandgap energy value [43]. The absorption spectrum of RhB was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer GENESYS 30TM with tungsten-halogen light source and silicon photodiode detector. The spectra were fitted with the Thermo Scientific VISIONlite PC

A self-powered, flexible ultra-thin Si/ZnO nanowire photodetector as full-spectrum optical sensor and pyroelectric nanogenerator

• Liang Chen,
• Jianqi Dong,
• Miao He and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1623–1630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.145

• . Finally, by RF magnetron sputtering, a 200 nm thick layers of ITO and Cu were deposited on ZnO NWs and p-Si, respectively. Electrical measurements: the measurement setup includes a source meter, an optical platform, a chopper, sample, and a light source. Sample, chopper and light source must be in the

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• photoemission tomography experiments were conducted at the Metrology Light Source insertion device beamline of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt using the toroidal electron spectrometer. The ARUPS experiments were performed with a small hemispherical sector electron analyzer mounted on a goniometer (VG