The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• for MgO with Ta buffer layer. The microstructural properties are summarized in Table 2. To characterize the effect of microstructure and morphology on the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 thin films, VSM measurements were conducted in an external field from −10 kOe to 10 kOe at room temperature. Figure 3

• samples are summarized in Table 3. Morphology, microstructure, and anisotropy mechanisms significantly impact the magnetic properties of ferrite materials [38]. It is known that antiphase boundaries (APBs) and grain size in Fe3O4 thin films, which are strongly influenced by substrate or buffer layer, can

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• different process variables involved (such as spatial and temporal electron beam exposure and precursor flux), the composition and microstructure of the deposits can be tuned for obtaining desired nanocrystalline materials [10][11][12]. A direct writing technique is especially interesting for the

• microstructure of the deposits was investigated using a ThermoFischer Themis 200 G3 aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating at 200 kV. Cross-sectional TEM lamellas were prepared by a standard sample preparation protocol using a Tescan Lyra3 FIB-SEM system. The TEM overview image was

• ligands instead of their further dissociation and co-deposition into the deposit. To further investigate the microstructure of the deposit, a thin lamella along the dashed white line in Figure 1a was prepared and studied by TEM. The TEM overview image is depicted in Figure 1c, its alignment and

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• detection of DMMP (1.2 ppm V) in the vapor phase using Glass_Ag_Au NPs, 3D fractal microstructure substrates developed by corner lithography and anisotropic wet etching of silicon using the 785 nm as the Raman excitation. When UV excitation was utilized during the measurements, the Raman peak intensities

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• Hennemann, 2023 and elucidate the age effects on the material and microstructure of the attachment apparatus. Attachment performance (adhesion and friction forces) on substrates with different roughnesses was compared between two different age groups, and the change of attachment performance was monitored

• the pads often caused furrows on the surface of arolia (Figure 7A). While the original condition (Figure 7D) of the euplantula exhibits a bilobed inflated pad without major markings, except for the central grove and the nubby attachment microstructure, different wear marks were observed on the

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• ]. Wu et al. [22] investigated the effect of different sizes of triangular grooves on the drag of NACA 0012 airfoils, finding an optimal DRR of 9.65% when the microstructure dimensions were s = h = d = 0.1 mm. Liang et al. [23] arranged various sizes of triangular microstructures on rotating disks and

• flow field on the smooth blade surface and provide references for the placement of microtextures. (2) The influence of microstructure size on drag reduction of blade surfaces was analyzed to determine the optimal parameters for microstructures. The drag reduction mechanism of the microstructures was

• Cf. Therefore, after comprehensive analysis of Figure 12, Figure 13, and Table 6, the triangular microstructure was chosen to be machined in the blade surface. The range of h has been discussed in the Methods section. In order to determine the ranges of w and s, different values of w and s of the

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• binding energies). This means there is no chemical shift in the compounds, implying that the intermixing of Mo and W did not disturb the chemical environment, and the elements retained a stable chemical bond. Microstructure analysis Figure 4 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of all

• Cu radiation source at a 1.54 Å wavelength and a micro-Raman spectrometer (Renishaw) equipped with a green laser excitation of 532 nm. The microstructure of the specimen was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and a transmission electron

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• et al. [44] in the smooth euplantulae of Tettigonia viridissima (L., 1758) and Locusta migratoria (L., 1758). Differences in the layering and the details of microstructure likely evolved due to variations in their ecological lifestyle. Several insects possess hairy attachment organs, which

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• apolipoprotein A-I and facilitates atherosclerosis [190]. Si nanoparticles were reported for their ability to invade the cytoplasm, modify the intracellular microstructure, and promote inflammatory reactions through activating NLRP3 inflammasomes [191]. Also, in an animal experiment, SiO2 nanoparticles induce

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• can be considered as a matrix of grains and grain boundaries (GBs), where the grains are separated by the GBs and have different resistivities [31]. Hence, the tunneling + destruction model might indeed be an appropriate physical representation of the nano/microstructure of NCG. The model explains

• microstructure of the film [37]. After the plateau (strain > 1.6%), the resistance once again increases, and a new set of nanocracks start to form at different GBs. The second cycle of the resistance vs strain measurement (Figure 2a, red curve) starts from a resistance value that is equivalent to the resistance

• grains start to move apart, which is visible as an increase in resistance values between 0% and 0.3% strain [24], also confirmed by Raman measurements under strain (Figure 3b–d). At 0.3% to 0.7% strain, grain rotation and irreversible changes in the microstructure occur. This is seen by a sharper

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• , bandgap, and electrical conductivity, to a large extent by controlling the cationic oxidation state and the film stoichiometry [2]. As a matter of fact, adjustments in the film stoichiometry and microstructure are experimentally viable by the choice of a suitable growth technique [9][10][11]. As a result

• identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements (PHI 5000 VersaProbeII, ULVAC – PHI, INC) with a monochromatic Al Kα source (hν = 1486.6 eV), and a microfocus (100 µm, 15 kV, 25 W) arrangement along with a multichannel detector and a hemispherical analyser. The microstructure of the WOx

• range of tunability in structural, optical, and electrical properties of NS-WOx thin films through controlling microstructure and film thickness. This will be useful for optoelectronic applications in photovoltaics where such films are used as a carrier-selective contact. AFM height images of (a–d) as

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• microstructure grants the strain sensor exceptional stretchability, a wide sensing range (reaching up to 82% strain), and remarkable sensitivity (with a gauge factor (GF) ranging from 16.2 to 150). In a similar vein, Cai et al. developed strain sensors utilizing a weaving architecture that integrated two

• the elastomer during stretching and play a vital role in the functionality of the strain sensor. Based on its helical microstructure, the sensor demonstrates an ultrahigh gauge factor of 107, along with a wide strain range of 300%, a rapid response time of 158 ms, minimal hysteresis, and remarkable

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• , whereas at higher electron doses the resolution deteriorates and the number of defects significantly increases. Additionally, the etching process is accompanied by morphological changes in the microstructure of the substrate – likely occurring during exposure to the the ambient air and pressure

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• hPAAO is an integrated (effective) value obtained by collecting spectra from a surface area significantly larger than the microstructure of PAAO, including pores, pore walls, skeleton, and the interstitial rods [32], which have tens of nanometers difference in length. Figure 2 shows typical recorded

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• . The phenomenon in which hydrogels swell in water while not dissolving in it is due to hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymer backbone and cross-links between the network chains. High water content makes hydrogel materials similar in terms of microstructure and flexibility to living

• large as possible. The porous microstructure of the hydrogel matrix is capable of swelling and thus accommodating significant amounts of ionic liquids. Such a structure provides constant access of the electrolyte molecules/ions to the catalyst particles surrounding it, increasing the speed and

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• tips (silicon nitride, silicon, and high-aspect-ratio tips) were scanned over the calibration pattern. Simultaneously, the AFM measurement signal showed the tip path profile as the real geometry of a fabricated microstructure. The tip radius was obtained from the curvature radius of the curve profile

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• ®, both the topography and stiffness maps (Figure 2) revealed a consistent microstructure across the fiber diameter at this length scale. Complementing topography and stiffness maps, lateral line profiles (e.g., dashed line, Figure 2a) quantified both topography and stiffness variations across the

• were not observed elsewhere in the fiber. Topography and stiffness maps also reveal constituents throughout the microstructure that preferentially align with the main fiber axis, as parallel longitudinal lines on topography and stiffness maps can be traced from the top to the bottom of each map. No

• apparent skin–core differentiation in the microstructure (e.g., as in Kevlar®) is observed [11][13][14][15][16]. The lack of evidence for a skin–core structure in Technora® was referenced in an earlier study by Derombise et al. [17], but to our knowledge, this is the first time this has been directly shown

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• is in agreement with the XRD findings. The thickness of the piezoelectric film was determined to be approximately 120 μm using a Vernier caliper with a precision of 0.02 mm. The SEM images in Figure 8 reveal that the microstructure of the nanofilms consists of fibrous filaments at the micro/nanoscale

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• of SiC nanomaterials through surface carbonization of SiC nanowires and hydrolysis. SiC@C-ZnO composites were synthesized with different dosages of ZnNO3·6H2O. Composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. Results from TEM and XRD show

• , which has been rarely investigated before. Herein, we describe a new strategy for preparing ternary hybrids (SiC@C-ZnO, SCZ) by growing ZnO particles on carbon surfaces derived from SiC nanowires. The influence of ZnO precursor (ZnNO3·6H2O) dosage on composition, microstructure and electromagnetic

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• (HA), obtained by precipitate (HAP) and sol–gel (HAG) methods, and a boro-silico-phosphate bioglass. The microstructure and chemical, mechanical, and biological properties as functions of three factors, namely (i) the type of hydroxyapatite, (ii) glass content, and (iii) sintering temperature, were

• investigated. It was found that all of these factors affect the final composition and microstructure, especially, porosity, which shows significantly lower values for HAP-based composites than for HAG-based ones and higher values for higher glass content. This, in turn, has an impact on the microhardness

• , which exhibits a strong correlation with porosity, as well as on the mineralization capability and cell viability due to the different dissolution rate. Keywords: bioactivity; hardness; microstructure; nanocomposites; porosity; Introduction Within the last decades increasing emphasis is placed on the

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• constants is related to the microstructure of the studied material as the sample is constructed from pressed powder material of different sizes. A response consisting of two semicircles is often observed in polycrystalline samples of ion conductors and ceramics [66][67]. It is related to two different

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• samples have been depicted in Figure 1b–f. Furthermore, the atomic microstructure of MBN-80 demonstrates a sheet-like porous structure with a homogeneous distribution of mesopores and can be visualized through the HRTEM images in Figure 1g–m. The formation of mesopores could be attributed to the bubbling

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• , the corresponding air volumes were estimated as follows: with A the measured areas of air layers, h the height of a surface microstructure, r the effective radius of a surface microstructure, and ρ the number of surface microstructures per unit area which was assumed to 30,000 per cm2. Upon

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• from bismuth oxyiodides at different temperatures (Figure 3a). The photoabsorption wavelength of these bismuth oxyiodides has been tuned between 400 and 700 nm. Also, these compounds have a distinctive microstructure and a controllable band structure. (Figure 3b). The breakdown of antibiotics and

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• Patrick Weiser Robin Kietz Marc Schneider Matthias Worgull Hendrik Holscher Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. box 36 40, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility for information-driven Material Structuring and Characterization

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• matrix structure (cancellous interior) [30]. Also, the mechanical properties of cancellous bones are controlled by the structural organization of the matrix [31]. The bone microstructure mainly comprises collagen threads of lamellae coiled around layers to form a 200–250 µm diameter osteon which can vary