The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• potentials, neutralizing charge, and in particular, crystal face pacification, enabling preferential crystal growth. DESs are the medium where nanoparticle synthesis occurs in the presence of capping agent and reducing agents. Biocompatible capping and reducing agents, such as carbohydrates (i.e

• ., carrageenan), are suitable for nanoparticle synthesis intended for biological applications. Carrageenans are a group of oligosaccharides predominantly found in Rhodophyceae commonly known as red algae. They are sulfated linear oligosaccharides consisting of ᴅ-galactose residue units linked by (1→3)-linked β-ᴅ

• of DESs facilitates rapid nucleation yielding tiny particles that undergo Ostwald ripening through a slow process, allowing for the manipulation on the nanoscale with controlled crystal growth. Plasmonic metal nanoparticle synthesis using DESs Plasmonic metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• , and HNT-8 were recorded with TEM, while sample HNT-8 was also measured with XRD. (XRD was also performed for HNT-0 and HNT-4 but omitted from this report because it did not show any significant difference from HNT-8). Silver nanoparticle synthesis To synthesize silver nanoparticles, 10 g of HNT (from

• and DSC analysis, from room temperature up to 600 °C, at constant heating of 20 °C/min. In order to observe the phases identified in the DSC/TGA measurements, four 10 g samples of HNT-8 were loaded with AgNO3 using the process described in section “Silver nanoparticle synthesis” and heated up to 65

• were quantified by means of an antimicrobial surface activity test. First, two 10 g samples of Ag-NPs were prepared according the process described in section “Silver nanoparticle synthesis”. Then, one of the Ag-NP samples was coated with DIO to make its surface hydrophobic and therefore more

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• decomposition approach with rGO synthesized from reduced graphite oxide at 400 °C. It is extremely important that the used rGO is thoroughly dried because of the oxyphilic nature of nickel nanoparticles. Therefore, before the nanoparticle synthesis, the rGO was dried using a turbo molecular pump at 5 × 10−7

• oxidation and thermal reduction process using natural graphite (type KFL 99.5 from AMG Mining AG, former Kropfmühl AG, Passau, Germany) as starting material. Graphite was oxidized according to [67]. Reduction of the graphite oxide was performed at 400 °C. Before using rGO in the nanoparticle synthesis, it

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• deposition process. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) are among other chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis. CVD is a method that allows production of nanoparticles on a substrate [241]. The process consists of three steps. First, the addition of a volatile precursor in

• surface. We have recently reviewed engineered TMV and its virus‐like‐particles (VLPs) for synthesis of biotemplated nanomaterials. We also discussed the recent advances on novel barely stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) and its VLP as a novel template for metal nanoparticle synthesis [273][274]. 3.4 Algae

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• condition for the electrokinetic trapping of microorganisms in arrays of insulating posts, as well as to determine the empirical EP of the second-kind mobility by employing Equation 9 with eEEEC. The parameters of eEEEC and are reported in Table 2 for all the PNPs studied here. Experimental Nanoparticle

• synthesis, purification, and characterization Particles were synthesized using the EHD jetting method. The protein(s) of interest and 2kDa NHS-PEG-NHS copolymer were dissolved at 10% (w/v) and 1% (w/v), respectively, in a 90:10 (ultrapure H2O/EtOH) solution. They were subsequently flowed through a syringe

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• . Keywords: antimicrobial mechanism; antimicrobial nanoparticles; metallic nanoparticles; nanoparticle synthesis; nosocomial infections; Review Introduction In the last decades, the search for new antimicrobial substances against microbial contamination has been the focus of many research fields, in public

• to the environment, in addition to being cytotoxic and carcinogenic [72]. Several toxic chemicals adhered to the particles synthesized through these methods have been identified [13][73]. For these reasons, an interest in environmentally friendly nanoparticle synthesis methods, also called "green

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• purified by the Millipore Milli-Q system (Burlington, MA, USA). Synthesis of nanoparticles A scheme of the experimental setup used for the nanoparticle synthesis is presented in Figure S4 (see Supporting Information File 1). The iron ion solution with a Fe3+:Fe2+ molar ratio of 2:1 was prepared by

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• happened in the nanoparticle metal precursor, except in the case when a reducer was used for the Ru nanoparticle synthesis. Commercially available gold nanoparticles are sold as colloidal suspensions that are generally dissolved either in water or in buffer. As an alternative to this commonly used method

• nanoparticle synthesis due to the reactivity of this linkage [37][38][39] and due to its ability to complex metals, especially gold(I), with the sulfur atom [40][41]. A recent theoretical work demonstrated that the highest occupied molecular orbital of a small dendrimer containing the P=N–P=S linkage is

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• atomic force microscope (AFM) in order to study the effect of annealing on their tribological behavior. Experimental Nanoparticle synthesis A colloidal suspension of Au NPs was produced by reducing an aqueous solution of HAuCl4·H2O. The procedure consisted of adding 3 mL of 1% aqueous HAuCl4 (Sigma

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• dimensions smaller than 10 nm are commonly reported with small deviations in the distribution of nanorod lengths. Another widely investigated approach to nanoparticle synthesis uses ionic liquids as solvents for the synthesis of nanoparticles without the need for additional stabilizing surfactants [13][14

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• . The first one is doped with 20 wt % Ge, produced by plasma-activated chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) [23][30]. The second one is a pure silica synthetic commercial sample containing high OH content [31], similar to the one irradiated with a 500 fs 248 nm laser in [15]. The nanoparticle synthesis was

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• , (both from Sigma-Aldrich), and AgNO3 (Roth, >99.9% p.a.), were used as metal precursor compounds. Ultrapure water (Purelab ultra instrument from ELGA) was used in all experiments. Before use, all glassware was cleaned with boiling aqua regia. Nanoparticle synthesis PVP-stabilized Rh, Pd, and Pt

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• droplet synthesis In theory, nanoparticle synthesis in droplets should result in reproducible nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, compared to particles synthesized through conventional batch synthesis. To evaluate this statement, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized in a batch

• , such as mixing and quenching. In addition, the high degree of automation of droplet reactors further increases the reproducibility [34]. Control of nanoparticle synthesis in droplets In a last set of experiments, it was evaluated how the size of particles synthesized in droplets can be influenced

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• interest in protein or biomolecule binding to nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Experimental Materials for nanoparticle synthesis The metallic precursors iron(II) chloride (FeCl2), iron(III) chloride (FeCl3), N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), dimethyl sulfoxide

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• unidentified [170]. Similarly, fungi are utilized for the synthesis of NPs and the literature suggested that they are excellent candidates for metal and metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis, as shown in Figure 5B [171]. Fungi contain a variety of enzymes and are simple to handle, which gives the possibility of

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• positioning in host matrices. Control over the size, shape and surface of nanoparticles is an effective tool that can be used in bottom up approaches for the fabrication of composite materials [1][2]. An optimal strategy of nanoparticle synthesis should account for their target application. For example, block

• nanospheres The method of wrapping nanoparticles with diblock copolymers can be also applied to small (5 nm in diameter) organophilic Au nanospheres. In that case, PS-b-P2VP can be introduced in the course of the nanoparticle synthesis instead of decanethiol (for details of both synthetic procedures, see

• nanoparticle synthesis and characterization were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received or purified according to standard procedures. All the glassware was cleaned by aqua regia and rinsed with distilled water prior to the experiments. Nanorod synthesis Au nanorods were synthesized according to the

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• sheets [11][16][18][33][34]. This method is based on a simple single-step process; however, its main drawback is the lack of the control over nanoparticle synthesis. Therefore, as prepared iron oxide MNPs are often agglomerated (form ferromagnetic agglomerates) and heterogeneous in size and shape. The

• sample was in turn related to ammonia used for magnetite nanoparticle synthesis. The deconvoluted detailed C 1s, O 1s, N 1s and Fe 2p spectra are presented in Figure 6. The positions and concentrations of the fitted peaks are listed in Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1. The C 1s lines were fitted

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• initial nucleation processes of particle synthesis; this is probably the mechanism of the formation of ultrathin gold nanowires [64]. Silver nanoparticle synthesis by reduction of silver salts is an important case of ligand-directed nanoparticle growth. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Figure 2) in

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• toluene to investigate the influence of the solvent on the nanoparticle synthesis. It should be pointed out that previous investigations showed that the complexes have a higher solubility in toluene compared to tetrahydrofuran. In agreement with this, first microcrystals were observed already after two

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• /ethanol/ammonia mixture (0.41 mL/22.55 mL/1.04 mL). Synthesis of Atto 647N-labelled C-dots (CD_Atto647N): The dye-labelled C-dots were synthesized by a small variation of the method described above for the non-labelled nanoparticles. For the typical nanoparticle synthesis of 25 mL scale, 0.385 mL of

α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles

• Jana Lutze,
• Miguel A. Bañares,
• Marcos Pita,
• Andrea Haase,
• Andreas Luch and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67

• . Silver nanoparticle synthesis Citrate-coated SNPs were synthesized according to a procedure of Qin et al. [46] 4 mL of a 1.2·10−3 M aqueous ascorbic acid solution (4.8 µmol) and 4 mL of a 6·10−3 M aqueous trisodium citrate dihydrate solution (24 µmol) were combined and the pH was adjusted to 10.5 with a

• by dialysis against water for 24 h (MWCO 100 kDa). Scheme 1 summarizes polymer and nanoparticle synthesis. Raman (cm−1): 2930 (s, v(CH)), 2247 and 2237 (m, v(CN)), 1648 (w, v(C=C)), 1605(w, v(Ph)), 1573(m, v(CO2), 1508 (w, δ(CH2)), 1443 (w, δ(CH2)), 1390 (sh, δ(CH2)), 1362 (m, v(CO2)), 1310 (w, δ(CH2

• Colloids & Interfaces) for GPC measurements, A. Krtitschka and Prof. H. Möller (University of Potsdam) for help with NMR experiments, and U. Koch (FU Berlin/University of Potsdam) for preliminary experiments on nanoparticle synthesis. Funding by the University of Potsdam, BfR – German Federal Institute for

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• properties of the nanostructures depend on microstructure and shape. The method significantly advances the existing repository of nanoparticle synthesis by its easy handling parameters, synthesis in aqueous medium, and effective control of morphology. The study opens several roads for understanding the

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• our everyday electronic devices for decades, PVD applied on energetic materials will never be able to reach a production of several hundred of grams per hour. However, PVD is suitable for the current trend to create ”pyrotechnic integrated circuits”. Femtosecond laser ablation is used for nanoparticle

• synthesis of metal in solution at the laboratory scale. The colloids produced are found to be extremely stable. Used in dried conditions, a deposit of nanoparticles on a substrate could be obtained from a gas flow, or a dried powder could be collected within a cyclonic separator. This laser-based technique

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• surface functionalization of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles in ethanol using n-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane [18]. Nanoparticle synthesis with in situ surface functionalization has the advantage to reduce the number of reaction steps and is thus of greater interest for potential industrial

• (7-octen-1-yl)silane (7-OTS) and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate coupling agents during TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis from titanium isopropoxide in anhydrous benzyl alcohol [27]. The particles however needed further post functionalization with 7-OTS for better compatibility with organic solvent

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• combining primary antibodies with HRP, avoiding tedious chemical labelling procedures. Experimental 20 nm gold nanoparticle synthesis All glassware was cleaned with aqua regia (HNO3/HCl, 3:1), rinsed with deionized water and let dry before use. 20 µL of 30% HAuCl4·3H2O was added to 95 mL of deionized water