Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• different stiffness. FibrilTool, an ImageJ plug-in, was used to quantify the fibrillar structure in the original cytoskeleton images. Anisotropy (score between 0 and 1): 0 for no order (purely isotropic arrays) and 1 for perfectly ordered arrays (i.e., parallel fibrils, purely anisotropic arrays); “ns

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• hierarchical structure of articular cartilage from its surface to the subchondral bone shows a depth-dependent transition and anisotropic integrity composed of four distinct zones; namely, superficial, middle, deep, and calcified cartilage [11][12] (Figure 2). The arrangement, composition, and content of the

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• . Its magnetic configuration diagram has been constructed and the conditions have been determined for a controllable switching between stable parallel, orthogonal, and antiparallel arrangements of magnetic moments of the layers. Keywords: anisotropic magnetoresistance; magnetization reversal; Pd–Fe

• Pd0.92Fe0.08 film at different in-plane orientations of the magnetic field was studied by measuring the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) using the four-probe method. For this purpose, the Pd0.92Fe0.08 film was cut with a diamond saw into stripe-like pieces. In the first sample the current flowed along the

• [25]. The difference in resistances ρx and ρz (magnetic field perpendicular to the current) is usually associated with the geometrical size effect [26]. A detailed study of the size effect for the Pd0.92Fe0.08 film is beyond the scope of this study. In addition to the anisotropic magnetoresistance

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• 1T′ structural polytype are systematically investigated by means of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results demonstrate that the anisotropic mechanical properties of 1T′ TMD materials are greatly affected by their anions. They also show different properties in

• Figure 4, all the TMDs are brittle. The diselenides are more brittle through the comparison. It is worth noting that all mechanical properties of TMDs are anisotropic. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the different structural polytypes, the 2D and 3D plots of Y and G of 1T

• more brittle. (2) The mechanical properties of 1T′ TMDs are anisotropic, which is more significantly affected by the TM–X covalent bonding strength within the xy-plane. (3) 1T′ TMDs are softer and less rigid than their 2H counterparts. (4) The weak interlayer vdW interactions can lead to the different

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• rolled) during growth and their interaction with the external environment. Mechanically, when the strain in the cuticle (induced by the simultaneous isotropic production of the cuticle and anisotropic expansion of the underlying cells) increases beyond a critical strain value, ridges start to develop [37

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• and varies with the external driving force. In addition, depending on whether there is a true slip length, the amplitude of surface roughness has different influences on the effective slip length. The composition of surface textures, including isotropic and anisotropic textures, can also affect the

• review here include isotropic and anisotropic textures. In addition, we also summarize the influence of gas bubbles on the liquid slippage, which is a common phenomenon in most experimental or numerical investigations. 2.4.1 Isotropic textures. Investigating how effective slip lengths emerge from

• summarized in Table 1. 2.4.2 Anisotropic textures. It is of great interest and importance to study and design directional structures owing to many potential applications, such as functional superwettable materials [103], water harvesting [104], and smog removal [105]. The directional structures induce a

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• etchants for either isotropic etch (the etch rate is the same in all directions) or anisotropic etch in which the etch rate differs for different crystal planes [74][85]. Anisotropic etching cannot form cylindrical microneedles, since the etch exposes selective crystal planes which produce instead faceted

• pyramid microprotrusions. In both isotropic and anisotropic cases, a hard mask layer of silicon nitride is first patterned using optical lithography. Isotropic etching uses a highly corrosive HNA solution containing hydrofluoric, nitric, and acetic acids. This produces undesirable undercutting of the etch

• mask which must be compensated for in the pattern design. Anisotropic etching uses either EDP (ethylenediamine pyrocatechol), hydrazine-based solutions or, most commonly, potassium hydroxide solution. Deep reactive ion etching of silicon is an increasingly common process, performed in a low-pressure

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• anisotropically, i.e., preferentially in the longitudinal direction, as shown by the changing aspect ratio from ≈4–5 to ≈6 after 12 h and 16 h, respectively. This observation agrees with the findings of authors who had described a growth along the c-axis of Sb2S3 nanomaterial [26][27]. This anisotropic growth

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• ), Ghaziabad 201002, India 10.3762/bjnano.12.69 Abstract Plasmonic metal nanoparticles are widely used for many applications due to their unique optical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, anisotropic metal nanoparticles have been explored for imaging, sensing, and diagnostic applications. The

• utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; carrageenan; cytotoxicity; eutectic solvents; surfactants; Review Introduction Plasmonic metals such as gold and silver, upon achieving nanoscale dimensions, exhibit unusual physicochemical

• and smartphone-based sensing applications [3][4][5]. Several other advanced sensing applications have emerged, such as battery-free and wireless devices, providing on-site results [6][7]. NIR absorption is exclusively exhibited by plasmonic anisotropic nanoparticles, enabling diagnostic imaging within

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• . The electron wind force, which arises during the transmission of the momentum by the conduction electrons, pushes the ions in the direction of the electron flow. As a result, the diffusion processes in the material become anisotropic and directed. This results in the exchange of atoms and the

• elongated in the direction of the applied electrical field. In order to construct the isotropic model of the adsorptive gas–condensate system we will proceed in a manner similar to our previous works [50][59][62][63][64]. The novelty of the present work lies in the introduction of the anisotropic surface

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• metal atom at a reactive substrate site is different and the probability is higher in the case of CoPc. A clear template effect of anisotropic substrates is also observed for related strong interacting interfaces [68]. Alternatively, one might speculate that the Co ion of CoPc is able to interact also

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• , especially those with anisotropic structure, such as AuNRs, Au nanocages [5][6], Au nanostars [7][8], Au nanospheres [9][10], and Au nanoshells [11][12], show great potential as PTAs. Particularly, AuNRs, with a high inherent absorption–scattering ratio, simple and controllable synthesis, and high PCE [13

• peak at around 778 nm, as shown in Figure 1d and Table 1. Effect of Ag+ on the preparation of Au@Pt NRs In this section, we first discuss the anisotropic growth of Pt-coated AuNRs with or without Ag+ in the reaction solution. Then, we investigate the effect of the Ag+ concentration on the morphology

• AuNRs, as shown in Figure 1c. This deposition pattern resulted in an anisotropic growth of the products (Au@Pt+Ag+), increasing the length to 29.2 ± 2.8 nm. The width at the middle of 6.8 ± 0.6 nm did not increase significantly. However, the width of the tips increased to 10.6 ± 1.5 nm. This is

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• dispersion) as the incident light and does not depend on the angle (Rayleigh scattering). However, when the particle size is greater than 63 nm, then the Rayleigh dispersion is no longer valid and it is replaced by the Mie anisotropic dispersion theory, in which the scattered light energy is different from

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• that excess membrane was “consumed” in more anisotropic or spread cell shapes to compensate for the increased surface-to-volume ratio in the course of spreading. Ruffles could serve as a membrane reserve prior to formation of large adhesion interfaces. This would be compatible with the observation that

• cells or on larger extensions of them (Figure 7a). Since they come along with anisotropic shapes and the wrinkles are usually aligned parallel to the long side of the cell or its extension, we suspect that they are related to the cytoskeleton underneath, that is, the membrane may cling to the proximate

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• shows the property domain of the measurements. On the top left, the histogram of the stiffness kr, acquired from glass (grey bars), neat epoxy (yellow bars), and boehmite (green bars) is shown. Boehmite shows a wide range of kr values (0.2 < kr < 0.4), which is due to its anisotropic ductility caused by

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• build photodetectors with different signs of the photocurrent. This phenomenon of photocurrent sign inversion through polarization was also observed for photodetectors based on ZnAs2 anisotropic crystals [18]. Figure 8 shows that, besides the main peaks in the spectral distribution of the photocurrent

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• treatment of a wide variety of diseases. However, the slow progress in the field has resulted in relatively few therapies being translated into the clinic. Anisotropic synthetic protein nanoparticles (ASPNPs) show potential as a next-generation drug-delivery technology, due to their biocompatibility

• -based electrokinetic (EK) microdevices to characterize ASPNPs. We found that anisotropy strongly influences electrokinetic particle behavior by comparing compositionally identical anisotropic and non-anisotropic SPNPs. Additionally, we were able to estimate the empirical electrokinetic equilibrium

• pressure-driven techniques, allow for intraparticle spatial control of the material composition through layer-by-layer techniques, no previous synthetic schemes were able to synthesize anisotropic protein nanoparticles with distinct hemispheres [5][11][12]. To address this issue, we have adapted

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• the dipole–dipole interaction between their building blocks (small hexagonal faceted magnetite nanocrystals), which are formed during the first step of the reaction. The study suggests a facile, green and controllable method for synthesizing anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles in the absence of

• stabilizers, which is important for further modification of their surfaces and/or incorporation of the nanoparticles into different media. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetite; nanorods; transmission electron microscopy; Introduction The research field dedicated to the

• synthesis and investigation of anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials has received much attention in the last years [1][2][3]. Among different magnetic nanomaterials, iron oxides and hydroxides are of particular interest because of their high magnetization capability, availability, low toxicity and

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• of Ag+ and by the so-called nanomechanical effect (i.e., a disruptive phenomenon that is generated by the high NP surface energy at the bacterial membrane) [69]. A reproducible synthetic method was developed to grow anisotropic silver nanoplates on glass with a LSPR absorption tunable in the NIR

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• costs [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. It has been shown that Sb2Se3 has many applications in photovoltaic devices and thermoelectric systems where it can be used as a thin film [11], in thermovoltaic and switch devices [12], in optical data storage [13] and in optoelectronics as a 2D anisotropic material [14

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• templating, anisotropic chemical etching, localized anodic etching, and isotropic anodic oxidation [15][16]. However, this is a complex multistep technology. A more simple and cost-effective technology was applied for obtaining triangular GaAs nanowires through electrochemical etching of GaAs(100) surfaces

• -ratio arrays of spatially ordered triangular GaAs nanopillars with diameters of about 1.5 µm were previously fabricated by a combination of electrochemical etching in HCl electrolyte of a pre-etched GaAs(111) substrate and anisotropic chemical etching [15][16]. However, this is a multistep process

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• (compare Figure 4b) using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). This is a critical step, since the etch goes 14.3 µm deep down to the substrate, through all the device layers, including the waveguide circuitry at two levels. The etch is highly anisotropic and produces smooth walls of the microbath and thus

• structures is seen to be highly anisotropic, while giving smooth sidewalls. The facets of the excitation and detection waveguides are part of the cylindrical walls of the microbath and cannot be seen here. The surface adjacent to the microbath and the side channels is slightly angled. This feature occurs

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61