Collembola cuticles and the three-phase line tension

• Håkon Gundersen,
• Hans Petter Leinaas and
• Christian Thaulow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1714–1722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.172

• the dye. The parts of the cuticle that were wetted by the dye can then be visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Results and Discussion Collembola cuticles were dyed with a water–acetone solution of Nile Red and imaged with fluorescence microscopy, a selection of cuticles are shown in Figure 4. The

• model of Zheng et al. [16] for . A system with θ0 = 105°, S = 0.1 μm and f = 0.25 is shown as a red line in each graph. Stained samples imaged with fluorescence microscopy, showing the tops of primary and (present in d and g) secondary granules. The light areas are those where the lipophilic dye has

• bonded with the surface, indicating wetting contact between the dye solution and a lipid layer. The images were obtained with confocal fluorescence microscopy using incidental light of 488 nm wavelength and a bandpass filter (565–615 nm). a) C. clavatus (winter-acclimated), b) C. clavatus (summer

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• long term, a supramolecular hydrogel composed of a peptide and luminescent nanodots could be valuable for tissue regeneration based on a bioactive scaffold that can be also visualized in vivo by fluorescence microscopy. Alternatively, other potential applications could be developed in the future for

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• observations, both using TEM and fluorescence microscopy (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11). Not wishing to overstate these observations, such vesicular events may suggest rare events of transcytosis. Further studies need to be performed in order to fully address whether or not rare transcytosis

Evaluation of quantum dot conjugated antibodies for immunofluorescent labelling of cellular targets

• Jennifer E. Francis,
• David Mason and
• Raphaël Lévy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1238–1249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.125

• , United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.8.125 Abstract Semiconductor quantum dots (Qdots) have been utilised as probes in fluorescence microscopy and provide an alternative to fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins due to their brightness, photostability, and the possibility to excite different Qdots with a

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• mechanism of action of this receptor new approaches are needed to facilitate studies with AR. Embedding AR in a lipid layer within HEMA-EDMA mesh might facilitate studies relying not only on fluorescence microscopy techniques but also on spectroscopy, to evaluate coactivators, co-chaperones [22] and even

• microscopy and quantification of signal Fluorescence microscopy was carried out on an Eclipse 80i upright microscope (Nikon Instruments Inc.). Fluorescence images were taken with 10× or 20× objectives. Images were recorded with a CoolSNAP HQ2 camera (Photometrics). Patterns were aligned for imaging by using

• software as previously described in [17]. Phospholipid array on nanoporous HEMA-EDMA polymer. a) Phospholipid microcontact spotting on porous HEMA-EDMA with microchannel cantilevers imaged in situ on the lithography system. b) Fluorescence microscopy image of the DOPC phospholipid array doped with

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• electron microscopy. Various cell types (HeLa, MG-63, THP-1, and hMSC) were incubated with fluorescently labelled proteins alone or with protein-loaded cationic and anionic nanoparticles. The cellular uptake was followed by light and fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and

• -myristate-13α-acetate, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) solution per well, and finally incubated for three days. Afterwards, the cell medium was changed, and the cells were then treated like the other cell lines. Light and fluorescence microscopy were performed on a Zeiss Axiovert 40 CFL instrument (Carl Zeiss

• phosphate nanoparticles. Uptake of the dissolved fluorescently labelled proteins HTRA1-488, HTRA2-488, and BSA-FITC by HeLa and MG-63 cells. The only significant uptake was observed for HTRA1-488 by MG-63 cells. In each image set: left: Light microscopy, centre: fluorescence microscopy (labelled proteins on

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• glass substrates to construct a functional GNR biochip with thiolated anti-IgG using (A) Traut’s reagent, (B) DTT, (C) PEG6-CONHNH2, and (D) SH-PEG-NH2 combined with EDC reaction. Left: absorption spectra of GNRs with 728 and 930 nm longitudinal plasmonic bands. Right: fluorescence microscopy of the GNR

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• structural parameters of each emulsion as revealed by bright field/fluorescence microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, the droplet sizes determined by the various methods, such as bright field/fluorescence microscopy and cryo-SEM, were in good correspondence, except for the

• these emulsions (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). Within emulsion SA2 (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1), the aqueous and the oily phase rapidly separated. The analysis of the emulsions of both generations by fluorescence microscopy revealed that all emulsions, except SA4 and SG4

“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties of Plantago lanceolata L. seed mucilage

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1918–1927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.183

• special type of the cell wall rich in pectins, which is loosely organized and easy accessible, this type of mucilage could also be considered as a model for further mechanical studies of such modified type of the cell wall. Mucilage composition. Bright field and fluorescence microscopy images of different

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• arthropod exoskeleton materials also exhibit autofluorescences, which can be efficiently visualized with fluorescence microscopy. This allows the production of overlays consisting of different micrographs that show different autofluorescences. Such overlays nicely exhibit differences in the autofluorescence

• fluorescence microscopy and histological staining revealed structures with large proportions of resilin in the pleural area of the metathorax (Figure 4A–D). These structures stretch dorso-ventrally across the entire pleural area (Figure 4F) and are much larger than comparable structures present in fleas (see

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• dielectrophoresis. The dielectrophoretic behavior was investigated employing fluorescence microscopy. For the pristine origami, a significant dielectrophoretic response was found to take place in the megahertz range, whereas, due to the higher polarizability of the metallic nanoparticles, the nanoparticle/DNA

• , the motion of the DNA origami structures, driven by pDEP, is well defined. The gold electrode array was fabricated by photolithography on a glass cover to monitor the motion and positioning of the YOYO®-1 stained 6HB by using fluorescence microscopy. The electrode pairs with the smallest distance of

• representation of the (a) top and (b) side view of the field line gradient, and (c) the six-helix bundle trapping by positive DEP. Potential is applied along the x-axis. Inverted fluorescence microscopy images of the measurement series taken at 1·106 V/m with a stepwise (d) increasing or (e) decreasing frequency

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• DPhPC, block copolymer–phospholipid vesicles (lipopolymersomes) were prepared by electroformation [53] in aqueous solutions. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of vesicles dyed with fluorescent lipid (TopFluorPC) and nile red showed that blends of 90 mol % PIPEO block copolymers and 10 mol % DPhPC form

• fluorescence microscopy using a Zeiss LSM710 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at excitation wavelengths of 488 and 561 nm. Respectively, the emission of the TopFluorPC lipid was detected between 493 and 543 nm, and nile red emission in the range of 594 to 753 nm using a plan apo 63× oil immersion objective

Organized films

• Maurizio Canepa and
• Helmuth Möhwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 406–408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.35

• and surface engineering, is a constant that marks the evolution of the field. In fact, one of us (H.M.) with his group entered the field many years ago, initially motivated by the biophysics of membranes and contributed to the development of new methods to characterize monolayers. Fluorescence

• microscopy and Brewster angle microscopy [4][5][6][7] were successfully employed to show that Langmuir monolayers exhibit an interesting domain structure on the micrometer scale with peculiar features due to the anisotropy of the interface. Surface X-ray diffraction revealed a multitude of ordered and

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• ). The accessibility of the gold surface is proven by fluorescence microscopy analysis of NEIs in which gold was labeled by a biotin- and AlexaFluor488-labeled streptavidin (b, 3, inset). A SEM side view obtained at a centric braking edge reveals the composition of the interface illustrating gold pillars

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• . Organization of F-actin networks were investigated via phalloidin labeling and visualization was performed with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of these various experimental techniques revealed significant differences in the

• , elasticity and adhesion. Moreover, differences in F-actin networks were investigated via phalloidin labeling using confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results and Discussion Morphological surface structures and cytoskeleton organization of Caco-2

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• the polymer shell), by live HeLa cells in the presence or absence of human transferrin (TF) and human serum albumin (HSA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium. They studied the uptake of the NPs by quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy. For comparison, they also studied the cellular

• QDs by HeLa cells, comparing the uptake of the as-synthesized NPs to the cellular uptake of the same NPs carrying an HSA corona or a corona consisting of aminated (HSAam) or succinylated (HSAsuc) HSA, respectively, as described above. The cellular uptake was studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy

• intermediate time points. Profiles were verified independently for representative candidates (marked by symbols) by immunoblot analysis. Reproduced with permission from [10]. Copyright 2013 Nature Publishing Group. Fluorescence microscopy images (a–d) of the cellular uptake of DHLA-QDs by HeLa

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• internalized by RAW 264.7 cells. An increase in the intensity of T1-weighted MRI images of cellular pellets was observed when these nanocomposites were treated with the cells. The internalization into the cells was also monitored by fluorescence microscopy at 393 nm excitation. Recently, there has been a

• antimouse IgG (GM IgG). The characterization of the prepared nanocomposites was performed through TEM, UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy studies. The absorption peak for CdTe QDs was observed at 570 nm and was shifted to 540 nm after silica coating of NPs. This shift

Hollow plasmonic antennas for broadband SERS spectroscopy

• Gabriele C. Messina,
• Mario Malerba,
• Pierfrancesco Zilio,
• Ermanno Miele,
• Michele Dipalo,
• Lorenzo Ferrara and
• Francesco De Angelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 492–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.50

• been applied to the bio-system. Most commonly, only a few selected components of the cells are stained and observed simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy: for example, membrane lipids together with the nucleus and cytoskeleton. As an alternative to fluorescence methods, Raman spectroscopy is

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• micromotion measurements (three independent experiments) were transferred to Excel and were assessed for cell viability. The micromotion values were normalized by the controls (medium only) and expressed as percent viability. Uptake analysis via fluorescence microscopy To analyze the uptake of fluorescent

• nanoparticles, endothelial cells were treated with the corresponding nanoparticle formulations. After washing to remove non-internalized particles, cells were fixed for 10 min in 4% (v/v) formaldehyde at 4 °C. The green fluorescent nanoparticles (QDs and Au@MnO) were detected via fluorescence microscopy (CLSM

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• proliferation, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). We observed a small fraction of abnormally large cells (twice as large as the normal size), and cells with two nuclei after exposure to the 50 nM solutions of QDs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1

• , followed by trypsinization and centrifugation at 110g. Counting was carried out using a Neubauer chamber, and viability was determined using trypan blue exclusion. For fluorescence microscopy measurements, the cells were grown in 2 mL of cell culture medium in a ibiTreat µ-Dish (Ibidi, Martinsried, Germany

• pellet was redissolved in 1 mL of distilled water. Fluorescence microscopy measurements For the fluorescent staining experiments, an upright Olympus fluorescence microscope Olympus BX51, with a 40× water-immersion objective (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), equipped with a color camera (3 MP) was used. The

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• these techniques should therefore respect their specific merits and limitations as no single approach combines all desired properties. Keywords: fluorescence lifetime imaging; fluorescence microscopy; histopathology; light microscopic autoradiography; structured illumination microscopy; Introduction

• the same tissue is possible in direct context of the autoradiographic NP signals [56]. Fluorescence microscopy Conventional fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in countless biomedical research applications and possesses a resolution similar to that of bright-field light microscopy [35][73

• activation statuses, and apoptotic or degenerative changes [74]. In addition, fluorescence microscopy has been widely used in studies on the biodistribution of nanoparticles [28][48][75][76][77][78]. For fluorescence microscopic detection, NP are usually labeled with fluorescent dyes, such as fluorescein

Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals

• Johannes Ostermann,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Christopher Wolter,
• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Hauke Kloust and
• Horst Weller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22

• -b-PEGs in water was investigated and showed the expected behavior depending on the size and block length ratio of the polymer [19]. The analytical data of the used characterization methods like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopy are summarized in Figure 1. As can be seen from

• -PEG nanocontainers a powerful tool for further in vivo experiments in future. Fluorescence microscopy image of vesicles from PI-b-PEG 1 in water, the bilayer was visualized using the hydrophobic dye Nile Red (A); Size distribution of the micelles build from PI-b-PEG 2 – PI-b-PEG 10 in water

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• either cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles in different concentrations. We also examined structural rearrangement of the cytoskeleton via fluorescence microscopy and by that tried to gain a deeper understanding of how gold

• nanoparticles impact cell mechanics. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows microscopy (AFM and fluorescence microscopy) images of a confluent MDCK II monolayer treated with CTAB-coated gold nanorods. CTAB is necessary to keep the particles in solution preventing precipitation due to aggregation. The AFM images

• number of CTAB molecules which can, in principle, be released from the particle surface assuming a concentration of 12 μg/mL, we only found a Young’s modulus of E = 6.5 ± 1 kPa. Fluorescence microscopy images (staining of actin and microtubules) as well as AFM images (topography) reveal that the cells

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• . Fluorescent silica coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SCIONs) SCIONs were provided and characterized by the National Institute of Health (Maryland, USA). They were monodisperse at pH 7 and had a hydrodynamic diameter of 17 nm with a surface charge of 50 ± 5 mV. For detection in confocal fluorescence microscopy

• . The iron content of the samples was then determined by a photometric assay (Spectroquant®, Merck) and by ICP–MS (iCAP 6000, Thermo Scientific). Experiments were repeated three times. Fluorescence microscopy Spinning disk confocal microscopy was used to detect SCIONs inside cells. The applied system

• to control cells (Figure 6). All these effects are not statistically significant. SCIONs in confocal fluorescence microscopy SCIONs were comparable to SPIONs in their primary size and surface charge. Because of the fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor® 555, which was embedded into their cells, these