Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• materials. They must be compatible with oral fluids, must not release toxic products into the oral location and must have sufficient strength and durability to be fit for purpose [4]. Most other studies of graphene-dental polymer materials have used graphene oxide (GO) [5] which may be cytotoxic [6][7

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• photoreduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by Wu et al. Their study revealed the photocatalytic Ag NP reduction at λ > 390 nm [95]. The schematic diagram representing the interaction of GO with Ag is shown in Figure 8. The LSPR effect on the Ag NPs generated a strong

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• ; polydopamine; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction Preparation of hybrid aerogels based on two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties is among the most popular recent nanotechnological trends [1]. With this respect, graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most exploited aerogel

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• 10.3762/bjnano.9.49 Abstract With the worsening of the oil-product pollution problem, oil–water separation has attracted increased attention in recent years. In this study, a porous three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO

• to remove the excess metal ions. After the chemical treatment, the slurry of 1 wt % purified cellulose was ground by a grinder to obtain a CNF slurry [46]. Preparation of graphene oxide GO was synthesized from graphite powder using a modified Hummers’ method [47][48]. The fabrication process was

Advances in nanocarbon composite materials

• Sharali Malik,
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 20–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.3

• , Moldova, Korea, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. This Thematic Series highlights virtually all subfields of advanced nanocarbon materials research, from the longer established fields of carbon nanofibers, graphene oxide (GO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in composite materials, to the

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• graphene oxide (GO) with malononitrile can increase the solubility in either organic or aqueous environments [21]. However, no practical application for the malononitrile-modified GO was described. Interestingly, Ma et al. reported an polyethyleneimine-functionalized ultra-light graphene aerogel (PFGA

• composite material was synthesized using graphene oxide (GO) and L-lysine. The interfacial property of GO can be improved by the chemical modification. The as-prepared Lys-GO material as an adsorbent was systematically evaluated with respect to the removal methylene blue (MB) and Cu2+ from simulated

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• microwave hydrothermal synthesis, and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by oxidation of graphite using a modified Hummers’ method. Freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes were manufactured through a vacuum filtration process. The structure of the graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites was characterized using X

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• during carbonization. Thus, the understanding of the oxidation mechanism is an essential part of the production of CNF. The oxidation process of polyacrylonitrile was studied and nanofiber webs containing graphene oxide (GO) are obtained to improve the electrochemical properties of CNF. Structural and

• as received. Dimethylformamide (DMF; Sigma-Aldrich), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 98%; Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile (ACN; Sigma) were chosen as solvents and were used without any further purification. Graphene oxide (GO, purity 99%) was purchased from Grafen Chemical Industries and used as received. The

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• form graphene oxide (GO) [49]. GO contains carboxyl, epoxides and hydroxyl groups covalently attached to the graphene sheet. This leads to the loss of electrical conductivity and limits the application of GO in many areas. However, the presence of polar functional groups in GO makes it hydrophilic in

• nanotubes (CNT) and g-C3N4 has been presented in Table 1. The role of graphene as a cocatalyst has been investigated by various research groups. Peng et al. [123] reported graphene oxide (GO)–CdS nanocomposites for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by using Na2S and Na2SO3 as sacrificial agents, where GO

A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• graphene oxide (rGO) functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (rGO–Pt) Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by oxidation of graphite flakes (Aesar, 325 mesh), using a modified Hummers method [19], as described previously [20]. Next, GO was reduced and functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (Figure 5). First, 75

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• energy of 0.014 eV. Keywords: functionalized graphene; graphene oxide; one-pot synthesis; phosphonic derivatives; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) with its multifunctionality attracts interest in different fields of science. The chemical nature and reactivity of GO have been

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• number of publications dedicated to graphene-based sensors [2]. The gas sensor devices presented in literature are mostly based on pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Many approaches for the fabrication of such materials, including CVD, mechanical, chemical and

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• structures are particularly interesting because after hybridisation they not only display the individual properties of graphene and the NPs, but also they exhibit further synergistic properties. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene-like material, can be easily prepared by reduction of graphene oxide (GO

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• batteries) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] or (photo-)catalysts [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The property enhancements are mainly due to the charge transfer between graphene and CeO2. For the preparation of graphene–CeO2 composites external graphene oxide (GO) is usually added to the ceria precursor or pre

• ]) with the difference that varying proportions of GO were added to the precursor mixture. Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummer method [20][21]. All steps involving Ce(Ot-Bu)4 were carried out under moisture-free argon using standard Schlenk or glove box techniques. Ce(Ot-Bu)4 (5

• , varying proportions of pre-synthesized graphene oxide (GO) were introduced into the ceria gel to investigate its dispersion and its effect on structure and properties of the sol–gel ceria. Raman spectra showed that the D-bands of all rGO–CeO2 composites were shifted to lower values (Figure 1), indicating

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ·cm) used in synthesis was obtained from a double-stage water purifier (ELGA PURELAB Option-R7). Synthesis of graphene oxide Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from natural graphite

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• can be attributed to the higher capability of graphene to rebound advancing cracks [11][12]. The Raman and XPS spectra of graphite, graphene oxide (GO), and thermally reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are shown in Figure 1a,b. The graphene structure can be studied by using transmission electron microscopy

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• surface of a copper foil supporting graphene oxide (GO) at annealing temperatures of 200–1000 °C, under an Ar atmosphere. These hybrid nanostructures were developed from bare copper oxide nanoparticles which grew at an annealing temperature of 80 °C under nitrogen flux. The predominant phase as well as

• ; copper(II) oxide; core–shell; reduced graphene oxide; Introduction In the last years, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have emerged as suitable candidates to prepare graphene-based nanocomposites [1][2], including those based on GO/inorganic nanoparticles [3]. The opportunity to

• -supported graphene oxide (GO) under an Ar atmosphere. The predominant phase as well as the particle size and shape strongly depend on the process temperature, in the ranges of 200–600 °C and 800–1000 °C, Cu2O or Cu were obtained, respectively. It was demonstrated that rGO plays a dual role of stabilizing

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• thermal reduction of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide (GO) is a semiconducting material originating from graphene research and can be considered a precursor of the graphene synthesis by chemical or thermal reduction [84][85][98][99]. It has recently attracted significant interest because of its potential as

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• means of two procedures differing for the method used in the assembly of the silver nanocubes onto the surface: Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) transfer and direct sequential physisorption of silver nanocubes (AgNCs). Adsorption of graphene oxide (GO) flakes on the AgNC assemblies obtained with both procedures

• metal nanoparticle arrays may be further extended by a proper pairing with graphene or graphene derivatives due to their exclusive chemical, electronic and mechanical properties [18]. Graphene oxide (GO) is derived in the form of single-atom sheets of conjugated sp2 carbon atoms with abundant oxygen

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• . They reacted AgNO3 and graphene oxide (GO) with TA simultaneously and observed that GO sheets were impregnated with many Ag NPs with diameters up to 20 nm [73]. Kasthuri et al. synthesized anisotropic Au and quasi-spherical Ag NPs using apiin to reduce AgNO3 and HAuCl4 at room temperature within 60 s

• -isoprene moieties help stabilization of NPs [8]. Li et al. produced bimetallic Pd–Ag NPs from AgNO3, K2PdCl4 using graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as reducing agent, support and stabilizer. The synthesis process took place at 84 °C for 3 h for reduction of metallic ions and 200 °C for 24 h for reduction of

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• , Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México 10.3762/bjnano.6.237 Abstract A novel and facile method was developed to produce hybrid graphene oxide (GO)–polyelectrolyte (PE) capsules using erythrocyte cells as templates. The

• tendency to form multi-layered agglomerates, which begin to acquire the properties of graphite [9][10][11]. Because of these difficulties, most studies of graphene, whether for layered assembly or other investigations, have been performed on graphite oxide or its exfoliated form, graphene oxide (GO), which

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• exfoliate graphite by wet chemistry techniques, it is necessary to decrease the π–π staking interactions between the graphene layers. In achieving this, the sp2 lattice is partially disrupted into layers containing sp2–sp3 carbon atoms. The most drastic example is probably graphene oxide (GO), where the

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• single-layer graphene [30], and its large surface area [31], make graphene and graphene oxide (GO) one of the most promising materials for technological and biomedical applications. Carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications The peculiar ability of several nanomaterials to functionally

• treatments, but also in a high degree of purity of the recovered proteins, which can be further analysed by mass spectrometry [86]. Graphene: Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) have been investigated as new biocompatible material by virtue of their unique properties, making them

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• applications. There are two main routes to overcome this hurdle. Namely, this can be accomplished by starting with water-soluble graphene oxide (GO), which can be reduced to the so-called reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by post-modification to acquire functionalized graphene [11]. However, the reduction

• hybrid materials. Tetraphenylporphyrin (TTP) condensed onto graphene oxide (GO) yielding GO–TPP hybrid material [44]. Ferrocene units anchored to graphene oxide (GO) forming a GO–Fc hybrid material [50]. Free and Pd-metallated tetraphenylporphyrin moieties as substituents of pyrrolidine rings covalently

• ) aryl diazonium addition, and (d) azide addition. Iron(II) coordinated on terpyridine (tpy) moieties covalently anchored to graphene oxide (GO) forming GO–tpy–Fe hybrids [51]. “Click” reaction for the grafting of a porphyrin onto reduced graphene oxide sheets that was pre-modified by phenylacetylene