Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• bacteria during 24 h of incubation with and without samples was evaluated by counting the bacterial colonies growing on the agar surface. Briefly, at each incubation time interval (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h), the solutions in each test tube were diluted many times in physiological saline. A volume of 100 µL of

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• Materials, Inc. (OH, USA), respectively. Dimethylacetamide (Alfa Aesar), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sera, rhodamine–phalloidin (RP), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and Alexa Fluor 488–beta-III tubulin antibody (AF488-anti-β3 tubulin) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). RPMI

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, were purchased from Bio basic (Toronto, Canada). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/F12), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco-BRL Life Technologies (Gibco–Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Fluorescein

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• chloride was purchased from B. Braun SE, Melsungen, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 10-fold solution was purchased from Fisher scientific, Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA. Human serum albumin (Plasbumin®20) was purchased from Grifols Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Trypan blue 0.4

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• promastigotes (control and treated cells) were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.2 and adhered for 10 min on glass coverslips previously coated with poly-ʟ-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). The intracellular amastigotes were obtained after infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages at a ratio of ten

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• , and NLC-BNZ (0, 15, 31, 62, and 125 μg·mL−1). The MTT reagent (5 mg·mL−1 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) was then added for 3 h. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO,100 µL per well) was added under agitation for 10 min to dissolve the MTT. The color was measured in a microplate reader (MultiskanTM GO

• (10%), saline solution, NLC-VEHICLE, and BNZ were used as the positive, negative, vehicle, and reference drug controls, respectively. The hemolytic activity was calculated as [56]: where A540 nmsample represents the absorbance value of the sample, A540 nmTriton the absorbance value of the positive

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• , differential pulse voltammetry experiments were conducted with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7. Results and Discussion Characterization of graphene quantum dots The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the GQDs in distilled water is depicted in Figure 2a, which shows two prominent absorption peaks around 270

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. The infarct area of rats treated with 4T1 breast cancer membrane-coated pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles loaded with succinobucol (MPP/SCB) was significantly reduced on T2W MRI compared with bare nanoparticles (PP/SCB) and saline (tMCAO). (a) Experimental

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• Grove, PA, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 10× phosphate buffered saline (PBS, contains 1.37 M NaCl, 0.027 M KCl, 0.10 M Na2HPO4, and 0.018 M KH2PO4) were purchased from Bioman Scientific Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan). Ethanol (99.5 wt %), acetone (99.5 wt %), and isopropanol (99.9 wt %) were

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• bovine serum, 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 µg/mL of streptomycin, and 2 mM ʟ-glutamine. The cells were kept at 37 °C with saturated humidity and 5% CO2. The culture medium was removed to collect the human breast cancer cells, which were then washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). A cell dissociation

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• mean particle size and zeta potential of the samples in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS over a period of 7 days. Samples were collected at specific time points to monitor the changes in particle size and zeta potential. In vitro drug release properties of AB-LNPs The

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• solution dispersed in 1 mM PBS (phosphate-buffered saline: 0.0001 M phosphate buffer, 0.000027 M potassium chloride, and 0.00137 M sodium chloride), pH 7.4. After incubation, the graphene devices were rinsed with 1 mM PBS, followed by sequential rinsing with deionized water and drying in a nitrogen flow

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• nonenzymatic approach through electrochemical nanosensing which can also be used in other biosensing applications. Experimental Chemicals The chemicals used in this work are summarized in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate was used to prepare phosphate buffer saline (pH 4.6

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• positive controls. The sample layout is presented in Figure 8. The antibacterial activity of BBR and BBR NPs was confirmed again via determining the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). For MBC determination, 20 µL of the inoculated solutions in the wells was diluted into 80 µL of physiological saline

• in physiological saline from the initial concentration. Subsequently, these solutions were spread onto the agar surface in Petri dishes and incubated at 37 °C for colony counting. After 24 h, the number of bacterial colonies was counted on the agar surface. The difference in bacterial colonies

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• × phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, for 15 min. A section of full-thickness human skin was placed, with the stratum corneum facing upward, onto a piece of tissue paper soaked with PBS in a weighing boat. CIP_MN1 were adhered to a piece of plastic tape and manually applied to the skin. To prevent the

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• necessary for cell redox homeostasis and survival [38]. In this work, the ABTS assay was employed to evaluate the radical scavenging activity [39]. The UV–vis absorption intensity of ABTS+ solution (0.7 mM) was 0.7 ± 0.02 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The diluted ABTS+ solution was incubated with GSH

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• metric for the comparison of various SEM distributions. Collection and processing of SPNPs The SPNP collection process followed standardized protocols previously described [25]. Briefly, a 2 mL solution of 0.01% of Tween20 in Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) was added to the crosslinked SPNPs

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• density of 1 W·cm−2. This effect was time-dependent with longer irradiation leading to higher temperatures. Eventually, the solution temperature was elevated at the end of irradiation by a net increment of 24.1 °C. In contrast, only a modest increase of 10.2 °C was observed for saline solution, validating

• of the NPCs in vitro, we first incubated A375 cells with increasing concentrations of Fe3O4 NPCs (0.0375, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 mg/mL) or saline control, then treated them with NIR irradiation for 10 min or did not irradiate them at all. After 24 h, we stained the cells with trypan blue and found that

• at high concentrations. Similarly, cells in the saline + NIR sample seemed as healthy as those in the saline control group. Consistent with these microscopy observations, flow cytometry analysis, which utilized Annexin V and propidium iodide to quantitate apoptosis and necrosis, showed that the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• (Figure 8a). Moreover, the tumor growth rate was monitored to analyze the phototherapeutic efficacy, and the results are presented in Figure 8b. The complete elimination of the tumor in the mice treated with G-TiO2−x-TPP+NIR was noticed, whereas mice treated with physiological saline, G-TiO2−x-TPP, or NIR

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• the CCD method after precipitation, as well as after cross-linking, dissolution, and final washing steps are shown in Figure 1. The zeta potential of HbMP in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, was −8.51 ± 0.9 mV. The zeta potential in PBS, pH 7.0, of E. coli was −16 mV, that of S. epidermidis

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• content of the particles was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Erbitux conjugation to SPION@bPEI Before any application, Erbitux (Erb) (Merck Serono, UK) with a stock concentration of 5 mg/mL was washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Biomatik, Canada) using an ultracentrifugation

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• increasing DOX concentrations was shown. This study may be conducive regarding innovations in cancer prevention, diagnosis methods, and the application of drug screening. Materials and Methods Materials Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), RPMI-1640 and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• specificity with significantly higher (p < 0.005) drug release in an acidic environment (pH 5.5). The nanoparticles were highly colloidal (zeta potential = −35 to −26 mV) in deionized water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and sodium borate buffer (SBB). They showed elevated and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in

• ) dispersed in deionized water, sodium borate buffer (SBB) pH 9.0, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) pH 7.4, and DMEM were used for zeta potential measurements. The purpose of using buffers (i.e., SBB, PBS) was to get indirect surface charge information. Deionized water was used to check the influence of

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• neutral (pH 7.4) and acidic (pH 5) conditions. To investigate any alterations in the drug release profile from the NOR@IONPs based on the cellular pH variations, the drug release was monitored over 48 h in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) release media, maintaining the pH at either 5 or 7.4. We observed that

• correcting the volume reduction due to sampling loss. The concentration of NOR released was estimated fluorometrically (Ex/Em: 280/420 nm) (SpectraMax M5, Molecular Devices) using a known NOR concentration versus fluorescence standard, prepared with dilution in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (same as the

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64