Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• ethanol (for hydrophilic coating) or cyclohexane (for partially and hydrophobic coating) as well as 10 μL of thiol molecules were added under ultrasonication at room temperature for 15 min. The centrifugation first enables to reduce the concentration of citrate molecules (stabilizer agent surrounding the

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• was diluted with 500 mL of DI-H2O under stirring and 4.6 mL of 30% H2O2 was added to complete the reaction. The as prepared mixture was washed with HCl and DI-H2O and purified via multiple ultrasonication/ultracentrifugation cycles in DI-H2O. Finally, samples were centrifuged in 96% C2H5OH, decanted

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• diluted in 10 mL of ultrapure water and sonicated for 30 min at 80 kHz, 25% ultrasonication power at 30 °C temperature (Elmasonic P 30 H ultrasonicator, Elma Schmidbauer GmbH, Germany). Afterwards the mixture was stirred for 15 min followed by a hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C for 12 h using Teflon

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• recorded in detail in our previous research paper [40]. Then, we obtained exfoliated single-layered GO sheets in GO aqueous dispersions under ultrasonication at 80 kHz for 2 h. Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) solution PVA (5.0 g) was dissolved in deionized water (100 mL) with continuous stirring for 4 h

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• in a vacuum drying box. Next, 0.1 g of the above-described nanostructures was dispersed in 50 mL deionized water by ultrasonication. To establish the adsorption–desorption equilibrium, the dispersion was stirred for 30 min under dark prior to the light irradiation. Then the production was performed

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals

• Dmitrii Pavlovich Shcherbinin and
• Elena A. Konshina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.275

• by plasma synthesis and were not covered with any ligands. Dry NPs were added to LCs at a concentration of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 wt %. The composites were prepared in isotropic phase over one hour by ultrasonication. To estimate ion density (c) and average diffusion coefficient (D) in LC1, LC2 and their

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• starting material, as explained in a previous study [17]. The freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes were prepared via a vacuum filtration technique. Firstly, 30 mg of GO was dissolved in 50 mL distilled water by ultrasonication for 1 h to obtain GO. Then 30 mg of as-synthesized MnO2 was added to the solution

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• -NDs) of 5 nm average particle diameter in a tube furnace under a positive pressure of helium at 1650 °C. oxi-CNOs A dispersion of p-CNOs (50 mg) was prepared by ultrasonication (20 min at 37 kHz) in 30 mL of a 3 M solution of nitric acid (HNO3). The solution was stirred under reflux conditions for 48

• A dispersion of oxi-CNOs (10 mg) was prepared by ultrasonication (30 min at 37 kHz) in 10 mL of anhydrous DMF. To the mixture 9.2 mg (0.08 mmol) of NHS, 12 mg (0.01 mmol) of DMAP and 14 µL of EDC were added consecutively. The reaction mixture was briefly sonicated and after the addition of 4 mg

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• from the photosensitized thin film deposition. Subsequent removal of the mesospheres with ultrasonication in ethanol results in the formation of nanopores with exposed substrate at the bottom. We have previously demonstrated the utility of nanopores for the measurement of film thickness using AFM

• irradiation, the reaction mixture was decanted. The Au(111) substrate was washed twice with 2 mL deionized water and twice with 2 mL 99.5% ethanol. The substrate was then ultrasonicated for 2 min in 99.5% ethanol followed by ultrasonication for 2 min in deionized water before imaging. These samples were also

• deposited on Au using the respective phthalimide esters. To accomplish thin film growth, Au(111) surfaces masked with mesospheres were immersed in solutions of phthalimide ester, benzyl nicotinamide, and the photosensitizer Ru(bpy)3Cl2 in CH3CN and irradiated for 30 min before rinsing/ultrasonication

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• ., cleaning) application of conditioned sample on the conditioned substrate post-conditioning of sample/substrate (e.g., sputtering) During the pre-conditioning of the sample each suspension was dispersed by ultrasonication (US bath, model SONOREX RK100, Bandelin electronic, Berlin, Germany) for between five

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• . The colloidal template was removed by ultrasonication after deposition. Structures derived from a broad range of polymers and across a variety of length scales (down to 25 nm) could be fabricated. Selective deposition A straightforward method to selectively deposit polymers on prepatterned substrates

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of cell lysates mixed with silver nanoparticles for tumor classification

• Mohamed Hassoun,
• Iwan W.Schie,
• Tatiana Tolstik,
• Sarmiza E. Stanca,
• Christoph Krafft and
• Juergen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1183–1190, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.120

• demonstrate the principle, cell lysates were prepared by ultrasonication that disrupts the cell membrane and enables interaction of released cellular biomolecules to nanoparticles. This approach was applied to distinguish four cell lines – Capan-1, HepG2, Sk-Hep1 and MCF-7 – using SERS at 785 nm excitation

• human tumor cell lines, Capan-1, HepG2, Sk-Hep1 and MCF-7, were lysed using ultrasonication and then mixed with aggregated silver nanoparticles. The reproducibility of SERS spectra was demonstrated by preparing six batches and measuring them under the same conditions. The values of standard deviation

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• %) were firstly dissolved in mixed solvents of water and ethanol (20 mL) by ultrasonication for few minutes. Then, the commercial Hombikat UV100 TiO2 (1 g) was dispersed in the Fe(III) acetylacetonate solution by ultrasonic mixing for 10 min. The mixture was then stirred and irradiated under a 200 W Hg−Xe

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• mixture, followed by magnetic decantation and ultrasonication in the presence of either TMAH, TEAH, TBAH or NH4OH. A detailed description can be found in Supporting Information File 1. Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1) shows the presence of cobalt in the energy dispersive X-ray spectrum. The high

• misleading conclusions and often SEM micrographs may be required for more accurate interpretation. As discussed above, the nanoplates here were formed by aging the Co-TMAH sample under zero shear. A controlled experiment was performed by allowing the growth of seeds treated with TMAH in an ultrasonication

• bath held at a temperature of 30 °C. The ultrasonication reduces the interlocking of the nanoplates (Figure 4). The typical size of the nanoplates is 260 ± 5 diameter and 34 ± 5 nm thickness. The reduced interlocking can be explained by the efficient dispersion of the nanoplates under sonication. The

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• four times by cooling from 60 to 0 °C. Pant et al. [12] used all standard techniques available to recrystallize RDX into sub-micrometer crystals in a beaker. The smallest size was obtained when the antisolvent was added to a cooled, highly supersaturated solution, while applying ultrasonication and

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• on Tecnai G2-20 Twin (FEI) transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. The prepared samples were dispersed in ethanol, and after 30 min of ultrasonication they were deposited and dried on carbon-coated Cu grids. The FTIR spectra of the ZrO2 samples were recorded on a Nicolet iS50 FT-IR

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• . The bands detected in the spectra at 223, 290, 406, 609 and 659 cm−1 are similar for all samples NPM0–NPM2 and were assigned to α-Fe2O3 (hematite) [30]. Ultrasonication Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPU1–NPU2) were obtained using a similar reaction mixture as for preparation of the NPM series but

• ultrasonication. Taking into consideration the scientific and industrial interest in controlling the morphology of nanoparticles, the influence of reaction parameters on the final products was studied. With the use of thermal decomposition, we show the possibility to obtain nanoparticles of desired shape (cubic

• shown that the microwave irradiation and ultrasonication times of μ3-oxo trinuclear iron(III) acetate influences both the crystallinity and shape of nanoparticles. As a result of this apparently wide and heterogeneous investigation, we are able to design and prepare nanoparticles with well-defined shape

A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes

• Mohammed Al Araimi,
• Petro Lutsyk,
• Anatoly Verbitsky,
• Yuri Piryatinski,
• Mykola Shandura and
• Aleksey Rozhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1991–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.190

• ) water in the presence of 6.5 mg sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). We selected SDBS among other ionic surfactants because of its high efficiency in dispersing SWNTs [27][28]. The above dispersions were exposed to ultrasonication (NanoRuptor, Diagenode) for 1 h at 21 kHz and 250 W. Then, the

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• washed with 10% HCl and then with deionized water until pH value of the filtrate was neutral. Obtained graphite oxide was subjected to ultrasonication for its exfoliation followed by centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 15 min. The final product was obtained by drying with rotary evaporator at 40 °C followed

• nanocomposite For the synthesis of the CdS–ZnO–RGO ternary nanocomposite, about 0.01 g of as prepared GO was dispersed in ethanol by ultrasonication. Then, 0.2 g of previously prepared CdS–ZnO was added to the GO solution under vigorous stirring for 2 h to obtain homogenous suspension. Once homogenization is

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• ) ratio for 60 min in an ultrasonication bath. Between treatments the glass slides were rinsed with water and sonicated three times in water for 15 min. Each time the water was exchanged. The fabrication of nanohole arrays consists of several steps [39][40]. First a sphere mask of a hexagonal, closed

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• been ground in an agate mortar, were added into 200 mL 1.2 mol/L HCl solution with ultrasonication treatment. Then a certain amount of aniline in HCl solution was added to the above suspension. After that, 30 mL 1.2 mol/L HCl solution containing APS was slowly dripped into the suspension to initiate

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• sequence: sonication of oMWCNT with Fe(acac)3 in ethanol, solvent evaporation, partial reduction of Fe(acac)3 to Fe3O4 with hydrazine by ultrasonication for 10 min and irradiation by microwave at 100 °C for 20 min. PM-b-PEG/SPIO@oMWCNT#Liu hybrids were obtained by non-covalent decoration with the

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• these regions [28]. In another approach, chemical functionalization is usually combined with ultrasonication. In fact, the latter tends to create defects on the walls of the CNT along with C dangling bonds along with a change in the carbon hybridization from sp2 to sp3 [29]. Nevertheless, studies have

• been conducted where ultrasonication without functionalizing agents has been used for successfully debundling CNTs with minimal damage to the tube walls [23]. CNTs produced via CVD methods typically contain various imperfections, such as residual impurities of metal catalysts, graphene sheets

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• semiconducting molecules. Results Nanocrystal analysis by AFM The model of an ideal CPE45 nanocrystal Nanocrystal dispersions were prepared via nanoprecipitation with the impact of shear forces generated by ultrasonication. By cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on the dispersions, a thickness of

• heating and ultrasonication was required. Upon cooling, the solution became turbid, indicating the onset of crystallization. To re-dissolve the polymer, heating without ultrasonication was sufficient. In order to grow crystals from the homogeneous CPE45 solution, we applied a method based on local

Impact of ultrasonic dispersion on the photocatalytic activity of titania aggregates

• Hoai Nga Le,
• Frank Babick,
• Klaus Kühn,
• Minh Tan Nguyen,
• Michael Stintz and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2423–2430, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.250

• required for significant changes in the size distribution). Equation 5 implies that to halve the TiO2 P25 size requires an energy density change by a factor of 170 (corresponding to a time modification of a factor of 30 when generating a 100 W ultrasonication in a 1000 mL suspension). Consequently, this

• reaction rate constant when the material balance between the storage tank and the reactor is established. The proposed calculation scheme was experimentally verified. In addition, the study took a closer look at the dispersion procedures for the TiO2 suspensions. Focus was placed on ultrasonication, which

• absorbance increases with further dispersion. Obviously, the maximum reaction rate is already achieved after short ultrasonication time, which disperses the large micrometer-sized agglomerates into submicron aggregates. This outcome is explained by the limited UV penetration depth into the concentrated