Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• quantum dots (SQDs) were heated from 200 to 700 °C, which indicated that the bandgap of the SQDs decreased from 3.49 to 2.52 eV (for SQD-700) as shown in Figure 3. These results demonstrated that the redshift is favorable for a photocatalytic activity in the visible light region. Meanwhile, Fan et al. [47

• process. Table 1 shows a comparison of the NO photocatalytic oxidation ability of neat SnO2 and modified SnO2 materials. Recent studies on this material system mainly focus on modifying SnO2 toward the application in the visible light region. Charge transfer improvement The combination of SnO2 with other

• organic semiconductors such as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) [71]. When acting as an auxiliary photocatalyst, SnO2 promotes the photocatalytic activity of the primary material [38][70][75][76]. Wu et al. reported the visible-light-driven elimination of NO over hydrothermally synthesized BiOBr/SnO2 p–n

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• an inactive sphere to an active moving non-sphere. Conversely, when the robot is illuminated by visible light, the microtubes cannot interact with the membrane, that is to say, the clutch is disengaged, and the robot will also change back to a spherical shape and stop moving. This research

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• to the human body or the environment caused by other materials such as lead. In addition, Gopal et al. [48] pointed out that boron exhibits diamagnetic properties in B-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and showed photocatalytic activity in the visible-light range. Magnetic MNRs were applied to the

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• wavelength. The transmissivity values of AgNW-loaded PET films were measured using the UV–vis spectrophotometer in visible light wavelength range. A digital multimeter was used to measure the sheet resistance of the PET films. To test the uniformity and electrical conductivity of the PET films, an electrical

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• generate hydrogen under visible-light irradiation, for the first time. After that, g-C3N4 triggered substantial research interest [12][13][14]. Various strategies have been developed to improve the PHP activity of g-C3N4, such as introducing heterojunctions [15][16][17], copolymerization [18][19][20

• edges of the frameworks to delicately tune the bandgaps of conjugated polymers. Among them, three polymers, that is, P2, P3, and P4 (Figure 2), showed suitable bandgaps of ca. 2.2 eV, and conferred HERs of 4.72, 9.15, and 2.90 μmol·h−1 (10 mg), respectively, under visible-light irradiation [46][47]. The

• under visible light [52]. With the extensive studies of nitrogen-rich triazine- and heptazine-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production, pyridine and its derivatives as nitrogen-containing acceptors have attracted great interest again, and D–A architectures for photocatalytic water splitting were

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• , Poland 10.3762/bjnano.12.38 Abstract Chlorine is found to be a suitable element for the modification of polymeric carbon nitride properties towards an efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity. In this study, chlorine-doped polymeric carbon nitride (Cl-PCN) has been examined as a photocatalyst in

• semiconductor polymer, as a metal-free and visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, has attracted dramatically growing attention in the field of visible-light-induced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It is characterized by facile synthesis, easy functionalization, attractive electronic band structure, and

• obtaining a highly efficient HER under visible light conditions [28][29]. One of the most effective methods to modify the electronic structure and improve photocatalytic properties, among so many options, seems to be non-metallic doping [30][31][32][33]. For instance, Ma et al. found that the doping of PCN

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• . Most of the reported Au–Pt bimetal nanoparticles are isotropic, such as alloys or core–shell structures [18][19][20]. However, the LSPR peaks of such alloys or core–shell structures are located in the visible light region and inhibit the plasma performance [21]. Significant efforts have been made to

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• -crystalline gold constitute an ideal platform for plasmonic applications due to the lack of scattering losses at grain boundaries and surface roughness [56]. In nanostructured gold, collective excitations of the free electron gas may occur under the incidence of visible light [2]. These plasmon polaritons of

• tetramers the subsequent removal of gold using the Ga ion beam leads to slight distortions that were not present before. This is caused by the typical tails in the beam profile of a focused Ga ion beam [19]. Optical investigation was carried out using visible-light spectroscopy in a transmission spatial

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• obtained via EFM with the photonic behavior of the wing. The wing has several layers with thicknesses comparable to the wavelengths of visible light. Through refraction and diffraction, which depend on the thicknesses, refractive index, and the number of layers, light of certain wavelengths is reflected

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• -band-edge (NBE) emission [4][5]. Intrinsic point defects reveal a broadband PL emission in the visible-light region. Here, the situation is a little complicated due to the inhomogeneous distribution of this visible-light emission. In general, in the case of defective ZnO, the emission has a maximum in

• becomes more distinct and intense when measuring nanoscale ZnO. It also suppresses the NBE emission [7]. The general approach to identify the defect centers in ZnO via PL, which might also be misleading, is as follows: Of the defect-related PL data in the visible-light range, the broad signal is

• ionized oxygen vacancies located either in volume or at the surface of the material. (b) PL spectra showing all possible defect centers, including non-paramagnetic ones. The defects emit visible light yielding a broad emission band [4]. (c) Tauc plot obtained from UV–vis reflectance measurements

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• wet impregnation process and a calcination procedure with intermediate plateaus, monodisperse 5.5 nm BiFeO3 nanoparticles were successfully obtained. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were applied in photodegradation reactions of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. Notably

• , the cast BiFeO3 nanoparticles demonstrated very high efficiencies and stability under visible-light irradiation, much higher than those of BiFeO3 nanoparticles synthesized by other synthetic methods. The possible mechanism in the photodegradation process has been deeply discussed on the basis of

• applications has been limited due to their relatively large bandgaps along with their susceptibility to the fast recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, leading to inefficient photocatalytic activity under visible-light or solar irradiation [14][15][16][17][18]. Thus, the development of

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• the incident visible light to reach the other layers with a bandgap energy of Eg ≈ 2.0 eV [12][13] and with a thicknesses of d ≈ 500 nm for Ge0.09As0.09Se0.82 and d ≈ 1000 nm for As0.40S0.30Se0.30. Figure 2 shows that the amorphous film Ge0.30As0.04S0.66 is highly transparent to incident light in the

Walking energy harvesting and self-powered tracking system based on triboelectric nanogenerators

• Mingliang Yao,
• Guangzhong Xie,
• Qichen Gong and
• Yuanjie Su

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1590–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.141

• the stepped floorboard and it emitted a visible light sign that indicated the instantaneous location of the pedestrian. It is important to mention that the LED light emission was powered by the triboelectric generator driven by the walking movements without any electric power source. Figure 5c and

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• through chemical reactions and these NPs have a strong bactericidal effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria [108]. Composites containing Cu NPs and ZnO were developed by deposition of needle-like and spherical Cu NPs on a ZnO surface. These composites were exposed to visible light

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• SnO2; electronic structure; optical properties; Introduction Thin film solar cells are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are a thin film material with both conductive capabilities and high transmittance in the visible light range (300–800 nm

• , high transmittance of visible light, good thermal stability, acid–base corrosion resistance, high material hardness, and easiness of preparation processes [5]. Non-metal atoms, such as fluorine (F) and nitrogen (N), were proved to be proper elements for doping. After doping with heteroatoms, the

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• efficient sterilization upon irradiation during wound healing [92]. The hybrid hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both S. aureus and E. coli under co-irradiation with 660 nm visible light and 808 nm near-infrared light for 10 min, due to the synergistic action of the photodynamic

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• fungal infections, employs visible light to activate photosensitive molecules, known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) [4]. PDT was discovered in 1900 when Paramecia microorganisms were exposed to a photosensitive molecule in conjugation with sunlight, which was found to eliminate the fungal activity of

• Paramecia [5]. PDT consists of the interaction of visible-light photons with a photosensitizer located inside the cell or in close proximity to it. In this interaction, the photosensitizer produces highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reacting in the excited state with molecular oxygen present in the

• visible light, and also should have a high absorption coefficient at a wavelength that penetrates cellular tissue [4]. In the visible electromagnetic spectrum, red light has the largest depth penetration into biological tissue [6][7]. Among different photosensitizers, porphyrins are heterocyclic molecules

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• solar energy harvesting in photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications owing to their extremely high visible-light absorption and tuned effective band gap. In this work, Ag-loaded TiO2 nanocolumn (Ag-TNC) arrays were fabricated based on anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by combining atomic layer

• resonance (SPR), which leads to strongly absorbed visible light and enhancement of local electromagnetic fields [14]. Among the noble metals, Ag nanostructures have been widely used as catalysts because of their reasonable cost and broad plasmon resonance in the visible region [15][16]. At present, the

• the optical absorption spectra of TNC and AFT structure samples. It can be seen that the absorption peak of TiO2 is located at 276 nm and the absorption of the samples in the visible light portion increase as the thickness of Ag increases. Moreover, the increase of the Ag thickness does not hinder the

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• nm made from glucose with glutathione in a temperature range of 15 to 90 °C by Wang et al. [18]. Figure 3a–c shows the PL spectra of the soybean-derived CDs. The HTC-CDs exhibited strong emission under the irradiation of UV and visible light in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 480 nm (Figure 3a

• ), indicating the broad PL characteristics of the HTC-CDs. The broad multicolor emission can be attributed to the heterogeneity of CDs due to structural variety [1], including surface-functional groups and domain structures, and to the broad absorption ranging from UV to visible light [34]. There are three

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• additional challenges. This is attributed to an increased complexity, a decreased transmission of visible light through biological tissues, the interaction with various biomolecules and a possible degradation of the luminescent materials. However, NIR emission, biocompatibility, and photothermal stability

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• pulse duration was set to 2.5 fs, thus it contained all frequencies within the visible light range. This allowed for the use of discrete Fourier transformation for switching from the time domain to the frequency domain and calculating the spectral response of the sample. Also, the Mie theory [18] was

• exhibit transitions between separated bands. This can be observed in Ag, where a transition of electrons induced by visible light can take place between the d band and the sp band [6][7][28][29][30][31][32]. The width of the gap between s band and d band is in this case in the range of 3.7–3.9 eV [7][29

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• ) spectra were analyzed using an A300 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany) with DMPO as a free radical scavenger under visible light irradiation (λ = 420 nm) for 20 min. The surface properties were characterized via an ASAP 2020 instrument (Micromeritics, USA). The zeta potential was measured with a ZETASIZER

• carriers. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was conducted to evaluate the properties of the samples. To assess any real visible-light photocatalytic activity, the adsorption should be excluded [36][37][38][39]. Judging from Figure 6a, CuO and CuO/tourmaline-4:1 composite contributed to MB adsorption of

• , volume = 100 mL, temperature = 25 °C. EPR signals of (e) DMPO-•OH and (f) DMPO-O2•− adducts of the CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite under visible-light irradiation. (a) MB degradation over the CuO/tourmaline-4:1 composite with different initial solution pH. Experimental conditions: [MB]0 = 0.01 g L−1

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• fabricated in a multistep process including a two-step hydrothermal treatment [11]. Ag-modified TiO2 HSs showing efficient photocatalysis in the visible-light range were synthesized in a multistep process through a sacrificial core technique using AgBr as the core [12]. A hard-templating method with a silica

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide” [31]. In this article, two fluorescent organic dyes, dicyanomethylene and pyranine, emit visible light upon blue LED excitation and are tethered to single layer hydroxide platelets