Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• down to collect white products formed on Si substrates. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL-6330F) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Renishaw’s RS and PL spectrometers operating with laser wavelengths of 488 and 325 nm were also employed to study phonon

• substrates. The analysis of their EDX spectra in the energy range of E = 0–20 keV shows the presence of Zn and O only, as representatively shown in Figure 1. It means that ZnO crystals were formed, and no impurity was generated during the material fabrication. Recorded SEM images indicate the products grown

• SEM micrographs of some 1D-type nanostructures. They were grown at temperatures T = 620–630 °C. The first structure is typical of hexagonal-prism-shaped nanorods, named R1 and R2 in Figure 2a,b. Their diameter can be of several tens to hundreds of nanometres, and their length is about 10–15 μm. The

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• Microscopy Sciences). Samples were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (Cressington 108A) and imaged on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI Quanta 600F). ImageJ was used to measure fiber diameter and clot density. Clot density was determined by drawing a line through the image and counting the number of

• buffer were incubated on surfaces in a 96-well plate for 2 h at 37 °C. Surfaces were rinsed with Tyrode’s buffer five times to remove nonadherent and loosely bound platelets. The samples were then fixed and prepared for SEM using the same method as for the clots. At least three spots per sample and two

• fibrin generation time on glass. Samples were isolated from three distinct draws from each of two donors for a total sample size of 14 per sample per donor. Clot fiber diameter and crosslinking density measurements were taken from SEM micrographs. Representative SEM micrographs are shown in Figure 8

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• electron microscopy (SEM), I–V/C–V measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. CDs synthesis 2.5 g of the powdered Rheum ribes plant was placed in an autoclave bottle, and 50 mL of pure water was added to the bottle. This aqueous solution was placed in an

• , the quantum yield of the CDs was calculated as 0.03. Schottky diode fabrication The usability of these newly synthesized CDs in an application area was also discussed. For this purpose, a metal (Au)–semiconductor (CDs) junction-based thin film device was produced. SEM images were taken to determine

• new synthesized CDs were determined, and their structural and optical characterization was performed. The usability of the new CDs in diode fabrication as an application area was discussed. The layer thickness and bandgap energy for the prepared CDs film from SEM and UV–vis absorption measurements

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• . To enrich the basic characterizations of WSe2, we conducted Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements (Supporting Information File 1, Note 5). The broken symmetry leads to an asymmetric distribution of photogenerated carriers, resulting in a non-zero photocurrent even

• probe power. (d) Photoresponse intensity of heterojunction (red dots) and graphene region (black dots) as a function of probe power. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 20: Characterization of structure, SHG image, SEM and EDS images, Raman and PL spectrum of WSe2 and raw TRPC curves for

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• . Finally, we performed a lift-off process using N-methylpyrrolidone followed by a rinse in isopropyl alcohol. The edges of the structures after the lift-off process appeared to be vertical well-defined walls without upward bends, as shown in the SEM image in Figure 2. A thin layer of titanium on top of

• from single quantum vaporized helium atoms, as well as for dark matter search. Photographs of structures taken with an optical microscope. (a) Chip with samples A1–A4 and (b) sample B1. SEM image of the edge of the Hf/Ti bridge structure made with the lift-off process. The dependence of resistance

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• crystallization, consistent with the results from XRD and SEM analyses. Additionally, bands at 3437 and 1613 cm−1 correspond to the vibrational modes of hydroxy groups (OH) bonded to the surface of the ZnO powders. X-ray diffraction The crystalline structure of the samples thermally treated at 500 °C was analyzed

• morphologies and the compositions of the calcined samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), using a FEI Quanta 3D FEG instrument equipped with the Octane Elect EDS system. The powder samples were placed on double-sided carbon tape and recorded without coating at accelerating voltages of

• , CA, USA) at 25 °C. The samples were prepared in ultrapure water at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL. FTIR spectra of as-prepared gels. DTA, DTG and TG curves for the as-prepared SG powder. DTA, DTG and TG curves for the as-prepared MW powder. SEM images for (a) SG sample and (b) MW sample. FTIR spectra

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• for the desired MEMS measurement platforms are as follows: They should be dimensionally compatible with the nanostructure to be tested and allow for actuation with an embedded actuation mechanism. To operate, MEMS platforms require auxiliary equipment such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or

• electrical measurement equipment. The experiments performed in this way belong to the so-called lab-in-SEM (LiS) technologies. The technology for MEMS fabrication comes from microelectronic surface and bulk micromachining methods [31]. MEMS dimensions are typically defined by photolithography and e-beam

• [38], but this technique is difficult to apply in SEM chambers (the ultimate working environment for opMEMS) because of the difficulty of obtaining a controlled magnetic field inside. In the experiments, the resonance of the opMEMS was measured outside the vacuum chamber using a SIOS nano vibration

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• used to clean the head and, especially, the eyes and the antennae. The microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the presence and distribution of resilin, an elastomeric protein that enhances cuticle deformability and flexibility (review in [36]), were analyzed using

• scanning electron microscope FE SEM LEO 1525 (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Confocal laser scanning microscopy A CLSM-based method established by Michels and Gorb [37], to analyze material compositions and their gradients in arthropod cuticle by visualizing autofluorescence, was

• devices of different Odonata families, which diverged relatively early in their evolution, especially in relation to morphology of their compound eyes, would be interesting in this context. Left foreleg of Ischnura elegans (female) in SEM (a–e) and semithin section (f) of a grooming device under a light

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• ), SiO2NPs-ZW-NH2 (with ZW + APTES), and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (with ZW + APTES + folate). Characterization of SiO2NPs Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs were obtained in a high-resolution FEI Inspect F50 microscope. A NP suspension (7 μL) was deposited directly onto a copper substrate, dried, and

• NPs with kinetic stabilizer and tumor driver. SiO2NPs: NPs without functionalization; SiO2NPs-ZW: NPs with zwitterionic; SiO2NPs-ZW-NH2: NPs with zwitterionic + APTES and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO: NPs with zwitterionic + APTES + folate. b,c) SEM image and size distribution for SiO2NPs and SiO2NPs-ZW-FO (n ≈ 1000

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) within a glucosamine/alginate (GluN/Alg) nanocomposite via an ionotropic gelation mechanism in aqueous environment. The resulting nanocomposite, AuNPs@GluN/Alg, underwent thorough characterization using UV–vis, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM, SAED, and XRD analyses. The spherical

• a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer, which scanned wavelengths from 500 to 4000 cm−1. KBr pellets were used for the measurements. For morphological investigations of the nanocomposites, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a SEM-S4800 instrument; transmission electron

• the initial mass), suggesting the presence of inorganic components within the nanocomposite. SEM and TEM analyses were performed to determine the morphology, and XRD and SAED patterns were used to evaluate the crystalline structure of AuNPs@GluN/Alg, as illustrated in Figure 4. The SEM images show

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• milling speed but reduced heat damage. Keywords: biological sample; COMSOL; focused ion beam; forward time–centered space (FTCS); heat damage; SRIM; Introduction FIB-SEMs combine a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused ion beam (FIB) in a single instrument and are increasingly used to prepare

• when using nanoampere beam currents. The unnaturally smooth surface areas, visible in the cross sections in the SEM image in Figure 4A, indicate that heat damage occurs when using higher ion energies and nanoampere currents for collagen, even when blurring the beam and reducing the overlap. This result

• 246 nm, exceeds the 200 nm blur and an additional measurement is therefore not meaningful here. The blur was achieved by overfocusing the beam. All cross-sections were prepared using 1 µs dwell time. SEM images of the prepared cross-sections were recorded with 5 kV acceleration voltage, 90 pA beam

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• are sensitive to two factors, such as pH and temperature, can be engineered to enhance targeting efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects [31][32]. Here, a strategy for the production and application of DOX-SNPs is proposed. FTIR, SEM, and zeta potential measurements were performed to

• . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Leo 440) was utilized for morphological characterizations of the SNPs; lyophilized SNPs were coated with gold, and the samples were placed in the SEM. The zeta potential the of DOX-SNPs was measured by using a Nano Zetasizer (NanoS, Malvern Instruments, London, UK

• increasing intensity in DOX-SNPs [33]. The inset in Figure 2 shows DOX-SNPs (red) and pure SNPs (white). Based on these results, the successful incorporation of DOX into SNPs has been demonstrated. Surface morphology and structure of the obtained SNPs were investigated by SEM. As seen in Figure 3, the SNPs

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• ) [43][44]. As expected, the crystal orientation of the TiO2/SiNWs catalyst obviously led to the creation of a robust p–n junction photocatalyst. The SEM analysis further confirms the morphological evolution during etching and TiO2 ALD. As revealed in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, the

• morphology of SiNWs is characterized by individual nanowires that bunch together in a highly ordered manner, resulting in well-oriented Si NW arrays perpendicular to the Si bulk surface. Figure 2 shows cross-sectional- and top-view SEM images of the as-prepared TiO2/SiNWs sample. The TiO2/SiNWs arrays were

• properties of as-synthesized samples were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction system (XRD, Rigaku, SmartLab) with a 2θ range of 20–80° and a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi, S-4700). The absorption properties of the thin films were analyzed using a diffuse reflectance UV–vis

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• elemental silver at the bottom, the formation mechanism of which deserves further investigation. Experimental FEBID was carried out in a Hitachi S3600 tungsten filament scanning electron microscope (SEM). The precursor compound trimethylphosphine(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)silver(I), short (hfac)AgPMe3

• in a field-emission Hitachi S-4800 SEM. The chemical composition of the deposits was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy using a Hitachi S-4800 SEM equipped with an EDAX Genesis 4000 detector and a Tescan Mira dual-beam instrument with an EDAX EDX system. To prove for

• microstructure of the deposits was investigated using a ThermoFischer Themis 200 G3 aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating at 200 kV. Cross-sectional TEM lamellas were prepared by a standard sample preparation protocol using a Tescan Lyra3 FIB-SEM system. The TEM overview image was

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape and size of the nanoparticles can be determined by these two methods [59]. TEM is extensively utilized and can differentiate between nanocapsules and nanospheres, as well as measure the thickness of the nanocapsule

• [61]. Nanoparticle size: The nanoparticle size can be determined using a variety of methods including dynamic (DLS) and static (SLS) light scattering; TEM, SEM, and AFM are also widely employed [62][63]. DLS and SLS can detect particle size by determining changes in distribution of particle size

• , while TEM and SEM yield images of separated particles [61]. Surface area: The reactivity of nanoparticles and their ability to interact with ligands highly depend on their surface area. This property of the nanoparticles can be detected directly by adsorbing an inert gas under various pressures to form

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra measurements were carried out in three replicates on a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL

• /IR780 (10 μL) suspension was loaded on a silica film for 1 min, and water was allowed to evaporate. Then, the nanoparticles were coated with titanium, and the SEM images were acquired using a FE-SEM S4800 HITACHI, Japan. Drug loading efficiency The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 suspension was freeze-dried

• generated by the nanoprecipitation–diffusion method were homogeneous with a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.075 ± 0.05 and a size of 198 ± 5 nm for F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 and 228 ± 4 nm for F127@PLGA/CHL/IR780 (Table 1 and Figure 1A). SEM images showed that the nanoparticles have a spherical

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• and yield of the as-prepared MIL-100(Fe) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements, determination of textural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• the obtained MIL-100(Fe) depending on the H3BTC concentration. To further reinforce this statement, the morphology of all materials was examined via SEM analysis. Figure 3 reveals that Fe2O3 nanoparticles appeared in spherical shapes, while MIL-100(Fe) crystals displayed an octahedral morphology with

• sizes around 1 μm. The SEM images of M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples showed polyhedral nanoparticles, indicating the successful preparation of MIL-100(Fe) crystals. It is important to note that the morphology of the obtained MIL-100(Fe) crystals depends on both the source of Fe-based precursor and the synthetic

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• ) is a nanofabrication technique that allows for the direct writing of three-dimensional nanostructures [1][2][3]. In FEBID, a gaseous precursor, often an organometallic compound, is injected in the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), adsorbed on a substrate, and dissociated by a

• 24 and 35 °C for Au deposition, and between 30 and 35 °C for Pt deposition. The pressure increase in the SEM chamber is taken as a measure of the water flux. The latter is controlled through the temperature setting of the GIS reservoir and manual adjustment of the GIS valve. Before deposition and

• patterning parameters are the patterned area size, dwell time, primary beam energy and current, pitch, number of passes, and SEM chamber pressure during deposition or chamber pressure increase during deposition. The complete parameters for the deposits presented in this work are presented in Supporting

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• projections. 8 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) For inspection of the tarsal morphology of different age groups, samples were chosen after CLSM to compare regions of interest, such as altered autofluorescence or damage. Selected tarsi were transferred from glycerin into 50% ethanol via a gradual series of

• glycerin (descending) and ethanol (ascending) mixtures. Afterwards, samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series and dried using a Leica EM CPD300 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) critical point drier. The tarsi were mounted on SEM stubs and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold–palladium in a Leica Bal-TEC

• on the pads of older animals (Figure 5 I), and large parts of the euplantular area frequently showed an overall reddish hue throughout the pad surface (Figure 5I–L). Microscopic ageing signs Several further microscopic signs of ageing were visible using SEM (Figure 7). Wrinkles due to deflation of

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• binding energies). This means there is no chemical shift in the compounds, implying that the intermixing of Mo and W did not disturb the chemical environment, and the elements retained a stable chemical bond. Microstructure analysis Figure 4 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of all

• the flakes is in a range of a few hundred nanometers to a few microns, as observed in the SEM images. Figure 5a and Figure 5b show that the MoS2 flake has a hexagonal crystal structure with an interplanar distance of 0.61 nm, corresponding to the (002) plane of 2H-MoS2 [33]. Other MoS2 crystal

• further advancements in materials science and engineering. Conclusion Neat and intermixed MoS2 and WS2 phases were evaluated for the PD of MB dye under solar irradiation excitation. The considered samples were systematically characterized by XPS, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and HRTEM. WS2 exhibited the

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tests, investigation of salt dissolution from the scaffolds, examination of their antibacterial activity against four different bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and

• FTIR analysis, we used an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) detector during the SEM measurements to show the presence of salts in the fibers. The EDX spectra were taken at a voltage of 15 kV. Mechanical properties A mechanical testing machine (4952, Instron, USA) and the associated software

• of the salts was difficult to detect at this concentration, elemental analysis was performed with an EDX detector during the SEM experiments. In Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, it can be seen that, in both cases, Zn and Sr appeared inside the fibers. The presence of the salts was

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• characterized using an analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM) Hitachi SU-70 with the X-ray microanalysis system (EDX) enabling composition analysis (Thermo Fisher Pathfinder system with a silicon drift detector). Additionally, in the study, a scanning probe microscope (Dimension Icon, Bruker) was used

• cracking. This phenomenon was manifested, for example, during SEM measurements, when the sample was locally heated by an electron beam, as shown in Figure 1. Simultaneously, exposing the samples to thermal processing results in a reduction of the content of carbon atoms. On this basis, it is postulated

• cycle one, two, and three times was conducted using SEM and AFM. Figure 3 shows representative images of the surface and height profiles (where 0 corresponds to the mean plane) acquired along the marked lines from the AFM scans of the analyzed samples. The measured parameters are compiled in Table 2

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• microscopy (SEM) image of the trenches with a superimposed line depicting the position of the prepared cross section. Figure 3b–d presents the corresponding cross-sectional STEM images of trenches, where the silicon dioxide is visualized as the dark layer. The shape of trenches was mainly determined by the

• crystalline silicon substrate covered by an approximately 600 nm thick silicon dioxide layer. The plan-view SEM image corresponding to M = 2 and cross-sectional STEM images of the prepared boxes are shown in Figure 3e and Figure 3f–h, respectively. As can be seen from Figure 3e–h, V-like boxes cutting through

• of the cross section are depicted in (a), while the cross-sectional view of the fabricated structure can be seen in (b). Averaged sputtering yield shown together with the dependences of Yi(θ′) for Ga ions with an energy of 30 keV. Plan-view SEM (a, e) and cross-sectional STEM (b–d, f–h) images with

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• microscope (SEM), Hitachi (Japan). UV–vis absorption spectroscopy measurements was carried out on an 8453 UV–vis spectrophotometer, Agilent, USA. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements were performed on a FL3C-22 spectrophotometer, Horiba, USA. Synthesis of TiO2/GQDs Peroxo titanium complexes were