Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• targeting strategies. In this review, recent advances in the development of targeted nanoparticles will be described with the aim to present the current state of the art of this technology and its huge potential in the oncological field. Keywords: antitumoral therapy; nanomedicine; smart nanocarriers

• , the effect on the malignant “soldiers” is scarce but the number of “civilian casualties” is unbearable. Nanomedicine has provided a promising alternative to these strategies through the development of engineered nanocarriers capable to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to tumoral cells without

• the action of a cell surface-associated protease exposing the RGD, which then binds to neuropilin-1 triggering the particle endocytosis. Another cell-penetrating peptide (or CPP, which is the usual name of the peptides used for targeting purposes in nanomedicine) closely related to RGD is the

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• stability and biocompatibility of GNRs has been reported by several researchers, and they are being investigated as a probe for photothermal therapy in nanomedicine. The presence of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) provides GNRs with richer optical properties, which lead to local field, Raman

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• , and nanomedicine [1][2][3]. Noble metal nanoparticles are of particular importance due to their diverse properties such as surface plasmon resonance, chemical inertness, and antibacterial action (silver) [4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, concerns have been raised with respect to their biological effect

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• alternative to the antimitotic drug, which causes severe side effects when administrated alone. Keywords: 5-FU; anticancer drug delivery; apoptosis; calcium phosphate nanoparticles; cell cycle; nanomedicine; Introduction Malignant neoplasms are reported as the second most common cause of mortality around

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• Mykola Borzenkov Maria Moros Claudia Tortiglione Serena Bertoldi Nicola Contessi Silvia Fare Angelo Taglietti Agnese D'Agostino Piersandro Pallavicini Maddalena Collini Giuseppe Chirico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo

• , Piazza dell’AteneoNuovo, 20126, Milan, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.193 Abstract The unique photothermal properties of non-spherical gold nanoparticles under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation find broad application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. The combination of their plasmonic features with widely used

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla Varvara Karagkiozaki Veroniki Bakola Foteini Pappa Panagiota Gkertsiou Eleni Pavlidou Stergios Logothetidis Lab for “Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology”, Nanomedicine Group, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece BL NanoBiomed P.C

• inflammations along with a simultaneous controlled release of the drug. Keywords: drug delivery; electrospinning; nanocoatings; orthopedics; tissue engineering; Introduction The application of nanotechnology in medicine, known as nanomedicine, aims to overcome problems associated with diseases at the

• nanoscale, which is the size of the majority of biological molecules [1]. In nanomedicine, new drug-delivery systems can be designed to obtain, combined with state-of-the-art implantation technology, implants with therapeutic agents that are released at the site of implantation. The aforementioned systems

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• , Talca, Chile INFIQC, CONICET, Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, XUA5000 Córdoba, Argentina Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Faculty of Medicine

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• useful in a nanomedicine application as they were found to reduce potential cellular toxicity [152]. However, the major drawbacks of these NPs are that they require more time for synthesis, are difficult to filter, and produce a low yield of NPs, as compared to chemical synthesis [153]. Novel nano

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• well as in nanomedicine [30]. Many applications require precise positioning of Au structures on the nanoscale, e.g., for fabrication of interconnects [31][32] and field emission tips [33] or in direct writing of plasmonic and photonic nanostructures and devices [4][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. We

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• the development of inexpensive, easy-to-use, flexible and time-saving nanofabrication techniques. The efforts of the other scientific groups have been directed to producing nanostructures for applications in areas such as nanomedicine that impose specific requirements regarding the technology behind

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• negative, must be considered for nanotechnology and nanomedicine in particular to develop to its full potential. Keywords: co-exposure; endocytosis; live cell imaging; nanoparticles; quantitative microscopy; Introduction Over the past two decades, improvements in nanomaterial research were followed by a

• the effects of exposure to each individual NP [26]. Moreover, little is known about how co-exposure of different NPs affects cellular uptake (e.g., whether it enhances or even inhibits selective NP uptake), which is –particularly in nanomedicine– highly relevant to the understanding of their behaviour

• , the demonstration of interactions between different particle types at the cellular level reveals that synergetic effects, either positive or negative, must be considered for nanotechnology and nanomedicine in particular to develop to its full potential. Experimental Materials HPLC grade acetone

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• sources in the production of plasma polymer NPs opens new horizons in precise tuning of their size, shape, chemical composition, surface charge and wettability. There are great potential benefits for the use of plasma polymer NPs in photonics, nanomedicine and other applications, but also significant

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• fluorescent CNOs is fast and reversible both in solution and in vitro, making this nanomaterial suitable as pH-dependent probes for diagnostic applications. Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; fluorescence; imaging; nanomedicine; nano-onion; Introduction Nanomaterial-based probes (nano-probes) that are able to

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• nanomedicine, biocompatible iron oxide-based NPs have attracted particular interest due to their size-dependent magnetic, optical and chemical properties that allow for the design of NPs for multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells [1]. Dual-imaging probes, capable to perform simultaneously

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• Gamze Varan Juan M. Benito Carmen Ortiz Mellet Erem Bilensoy Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey Institute for Chemical Research, CSIC - University of Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla, 41092

• problems. PCX was selected as the target drug in this study also for the fact that it is available on the market in nanomedicine form, known as Abraxane®. Results and Discussion Pre-formulation studies Nanoparticles are promising carriers for drugs due to their tunable dimensions and shape. There are

• several factors that influence the particle size, particle distribution, surface charge, homogeneity and shape of nanometer-sized drug delivery systems. These factors have a subsequent influence on the biodistribution and the fate of the nanomedicine in the body [27]. In this case, the formulation

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• Cem Varan Erem Bilensoy Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.8.144 Abstract

• nanoparticles were administered as a dispersion in the hydroxypropylcellulose (HpC) Klucel™ bioadhesive film. The aim was to develop an implantable, local nanomedicine capable of prolonged release at the tumor site to create a drug reservoir after surgical removal of glioma, avoiding progression and recurrence

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• capacity of nanoparticles to enter cells, although promising for nanomedicine [4][5][6][7][8][9], has caused concerns of nanosafety in relation to unintended exposure to nanoparticles used in different technological applications (food additives, paintings, and others) [10][11][12][13]. Along different

• potential use of nanoparticles for nanomedicine or the potential hazards of nanomaterials, it is fundamental to consider how nanoparticles interact, are processed by and transported across such barriers [14][15][16]. Specialised cellular layers also represent a more complex system compared to single

• into the Caco-2 barrier. In the context of nanomedicine, the low internalisation could suggest that oral administration routes may lead to poor transport across the intestinal epithelium. For nanosafety, toxic responses measured for single cell cultures (where internalisation is usually substantial

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• over 1000 nano-enabled consumer products [1], representing an estimated global and US markets of $1 trillion and $800 billion, respectively [2]. Applications of ENMS include, for example, nanomedicine (e.g., drug delivery, early diagnosis and therapy for chronic diseases) [3] and environmental

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• isoindigo scaffold was functionalized with carbohydrate substituents [36][37]. Over the last three decades, extensive research in nanomedicine led to several strategies to improve drug biocompatibility and drug delivery efficacy (e.g., synthesis of polymer–drug conjugates, such as polyethylene glycol

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• innovative diagnostic approaches we believe that these results will directly impact the ability to produce more reliable and sensitive nanoparticle-based diagnostics assays which could lead to advanced applications in nanomedicine which benefit of the ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids. In addition

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• interlamellar domain a large variety of negatively charged molecular organic species with different functional properties. This opens the way to a wide range of applications such as anion scavengers, adsorbents, heterogeneous catalysts, supports for species of interest in nanomedicine and fillers in polymer

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• devices, nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. In particular, from the environmental monitoring perspective, sensors based on silver nanoparticles are in great demand because of their antibacterial and inexpensive synthetic method. In the present study, we synthesized AgNPs in water phase using silver

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• Mykola Borzenkov Anni Maattanen Petri Ihalainen Maddalena Collini Elisa Cabrini Giacomo Dacarro Piersandro Pallavicini Giuseppe Chirico Department of Physics “G. Occhialini”, Nanomedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 20126, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Physical

• of gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine [8][9][10][11][12], and in the fabrication of a broad spectrum of printed diagnostic and analytical tools [13][14][15]. Gold nanoparticles have also large extinction cross-sections in the range of 700–1100 nm (known as the bio-transparent window) because of

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• considered. Future Perspectives As nanomedicine gradually presents it advantages in medical diagnosis and therapy, the public becomes more and more concerned about their unknown adverse effects on the human body. Many medical researches regard nanoparticles as an extremely suitable material for drug delivery

• nanomedicine applications. The effects of the phosphorylation process and other processes on the tight junction and its core proteins. For more details see main text. Side effects of NPs. Oxidative stress caused by NPs in different cells and tissues. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to all members of

Organized films

• Maurizio Canepa and
• Helmuth Möhwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 406–408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.35

• modifying films, opening the way to patterning and even to nanolithography methods [14]. This was a crucial step in the development of nanosensors and biochips, especially in new and emerging fields such as nanomedicine. Coming back to LB films, irrespective of other technical difficulties in fabrication