Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• coverage. Similar data have been obtained for the chrysomelid beetle Hemisphaerota cyanea (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) [261]. In smooth insect pads, the pad secretion consists of a water-soluble and a lipid-soluble part [254]. Data obtained from shock-freezing, carbon–platinum coating, and replica

• Clearance Center, Inc.. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Fluid micro- and nanodrops in animal attachment pads. (A) Carbon–platinum replica of frozen and coated droplets of the fly Calliphora vicina in SEM (black arrow indicates the direction of coating). Please note the pattern of nanodrops on the

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• University, "High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy” Shared Use Center, 344090, 194/2 Stachki st., Rostov-on-Don, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.49 Abstract Platinum–carbon catalysts are widely used in the manufacturing of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Increasing Pt/C activity and stability is an

• . Keywords: durability; electrocatalysts; morphology control; oxygen reduction reaction; platinum nanoparticles; size distribution; spatial distribution; Introduction Nowadays, low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are gaining a wider application. This is due to their environmental

• hydrogen oxidation or an organic reducing agent oxidation (e.g. methanol) occur [4][5]. The need to carry out high-rate electrode reactions requires electrocatalysts (i.e., platinum nanoparticles – NPs – or its alloys), deposited mainly onto nano/microparticles of carbon supports, which are currently the

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• carbon tape. To improve the contrast and to reduce the potential charging effect, the samples were sputter-coated with platinum (Pt) with a coating thickness of 4 nm. The SEM imaging was performed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (Sigma VP, Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany) at an

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• potentiostat in a three-electrode test cell with a platinum wire as the counter electrode and the saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference. The working electrode was a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with the analyzed material drop-casted from a 0.2% ethanol/Nafion solution. A 0.5 M sodium

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• conversion efficiency (PCE) due to local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Studies on different gold–platinum (Au–Pt) bimetal nanoparticles exhibiting the LSPR effect have provided a new idea for the synthesis of excellent PTAs. But there is no simple and scalable method for the controllable synthesis of Au

• . Keywords: AuNRs; local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR); photothermal conversion efficiency; photothermal transduction agents; platinum; Introduction On the surface of noble metal nanoparticles, when the wavelength of incident light resonates with the light absorption wavelength of the nanoparticles, a

• there was no excess CTAB and Ag+ in the AuNRs solution. AuNRs with uniform particle size and good dispersion were obtained. Platinum coating of AuNRs Using a slightly modified experimental method of Grzelczak et al. [27], Pt was deposited on the tips of the AuNRs in the presence of Ag+. The cleaned

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• for gold compounds. The difference between the bromide and chloride ligands has been investigated [47] for platinum precursors. It was shown that under the tested conditions, the chloro compound performed better than the bromo compound in terms of composition and growth rate [47]. Compound 6 is a

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• , different probes, with slightly different K values, were used for each region of the wing, in order to always have a new, clean probe in each measurement. We used the platinum-coated AC240TM-R3 probe model by Oxford Instruments Asylum Research in all measurements. The EFM mode used in this work is the

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ] synthesized AgNPs in cylindrical matrices using TMV as the biotemplate. In this work, AgNPs were 2–4 nm in size and it was shown that AgNPs, unlike platinum and gold nanoparticles, were coated on the inner surface of the TMV channel. The synthesis process is known to be mediated by the amino acid functional

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• M KCl) and a platinum rod was used as the counter electrode. The blocking properties of the deposited layers were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in an aqueous electrolyte composed of 0.5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] and 0.5 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] in 0.5 M KCl (pH 2.5, adjusted with HCl) or in phosphate buffer (pH

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• materials, such as carbon, platinum, or gold. Coating the samples can, however, result in minute changes to surface features which are only visible at very high resolution. One of the main advantages of HIM is the ability to neutralise charge by implementation of an electron flood gun. This flood gun

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• batteries [7][8][9][10]). In order to meet the requirements for efficient catalysts in practical applications, platinum group metal (PGM)-based catalysts are currently used as principal catalysts to reduce the overpotential of ORR and OER due to their slow kinetics [11][12][13]. The high cost, poor

Electron beam-induced deposition of platinum from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Aya Mahgoub,
• Hang Lu,
• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Konstantin Preradovic,
• Titel Jurca,
• Lisa McElwee-White,
• Howard Fairbrother and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1789–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.161

• platinum precursors, Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2, were designed for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) with the aim of producing platinum deposits of higher purity than those deposited from commercially available precursors. In this work, we present the first deposition experiments in a

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID); nanofabrication; platinum precursors; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct-write nanopatterning technique. FEBID

• respect but are thermally unstable, for instance, ClAuCO and ClAuPF3 [11][12][13]. Therefore, it is desirable to design new stable precursors that enable the deposition of pure metals. In this work, two novel platinum precursors (Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2) were synthesized and tested. Both Pt(CO)2X2

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• , typically gold, using a sputter coater. Here we employ a similar technique, coating samples with either gold or platinum, or, in the case of analysis of platinum-group elements [15], carbon. This coating is removed by the action of the primary beam in the region of interest prior to analysis, allowing for

• , this same standard is required to maintain this homogeneity at a nanometre length scale in order to be used accurately with the HIM–SIMS instrument. It is extremely difficult to manufacture a standard material for all elements that is homogeneous at the nanometre scale. Platinum group elements, for

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• also investigated palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and to a lesser extent even copper (Cu) [20][21][22]. However, there is no study analysing iridium (Ir) as catalytic metal. According to its standard reduction potential of 1.16 V, it is comparable to Pt (1.18 V) and Pd (0.95 V) and should work

• structures, while etching with platinum-group metals (Pt, Pd, or Ir) yields predominantly nanoporous sponge-like structures. We demonstrated the MACE process with the noble metals Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, and, as a novelty, with Ir. Depending on the contamination budget of the integrated system one can select an

• PVD methods. The deposition of gold and palladium was done by magnetron sputtering. The film thickness has been adjusted by the use of a calibrated deposition rate. Ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD) has been used to deposit platinum and copper. For copper deposition, the thickness has been controlled

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• platinum loading, degree of oxidation, and the very narrow particle size distribution are precisely adjusted in the Pt/C hybrid material due to the simultaneous deposition of platinum and carbon during the process. The as-synthesized Pt/C hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for use in fuel cell

• commercial production of fuel cell catalysts, especially the scarcity of noble metals and the insufficient electrochemical long-term stability. Even though the surface-to-volume ratio can be drastically increased by the use of nanoparticles instead of thin films, the amount of noble metal (usually platinum

• process at a substrate temperature as low as 350 °C using platinum acetylacetonate as a single-source precursor was established for the deposition of a Pt/C electrocatalyst. Platinum in the form of NPs is homogeneously distributed in a carbon support structure due to the simultaneous deposition of both

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• 50 °C. Then the dried CGCNF membranes were weighed to an accuracy of 0.001 g and clamped to a platinum plate electrode holder. After clamping, the CGCNF membranes were directly used as cell electrodes and immersed into an electrolyte solution. The electrochemical measurements were performed in a

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.99 Abstract Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is combined with polarization angle-resolved spectroscopy to investigate the nanometer-scale structural properties of core–shell silicon nanowires (crystalline Si core and amorphous Si shell), which were synthesized by platinum

• of the nanowire exhibits an amorphous morphology. Confocal optical microscopy of silicon nanowires As the first step, core–shell SiNWs grown with a platinum catalyst [29] are characterized using a custom-built confocal optical microscope. Figure 2a shows the representative geometry of these SiNWs

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• ], platinum [31], ruthenium (in the presence of a reducer) [32], titanium oxo-clusters [33][34] and even from crystals of Au55 gold clusters [35][36]. In most cases, the oxidation state of the metal precursor was either zero (Pd0, Pt0, Au0) or four (TiIVO2 clusters) and no change in the oxidation state

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• performed using a DRONE–YM1 (Burevestnik, Russia) diffractometer with Fe Kα radiation. The rotational velocity of the scintillation counter was set to be either 2 or 4°/min. For the electrical and gas-sensing characterization, the samples were supplied with symmetrical gold or platinum electrodes

• both the heating and the annealing of the samples, the test cell was mounted inside a furnace. A platinum temperature detector (PT-100, Cliptec Kabeltechnik, Germany) was placed close to the film and was used to assist with the temperature control. The data was processed using a PC equipped with a data

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• the performance comparison. Results and Discussion Catalyst coating: thermal decomposition In the thermal decomposition method, platinum and iridium metal salts (the perchlorometallates) were dissolved in 1:1 ratio in butanol to form the catalyst precursor solution. The Ti felts (two distinct

• and combining individual ALD cycles of two or more materials. The deposition of platinum and iridium as a binary catalyst can be realized at very low loadings in the range of micrograms per square centimeter [26]. Specifically, the applicability of ALD regarding Ir and bimetallic Pt/Ir catalysts, the

• the coating of commercial titanium felts, the surface area of which is enhanced by either thermal acid etching or electrochemical “anodization”. Platinum and iridium catalysts are deposited either by dip-coating/thermal decomposition from a solution of noble metal salts or by atomic layer deposition

A set of empirical equations describing the observed colours of metal–anodic aluminium oxide–Al nanostructures

• Cristina V. Manzano,
• Jakob J. Schwiedrzik,
• Gerhard Bürki,
• Laszlo Pethö,
• Johann Michler and
• Laetitia Philippe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 798–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.64

• focused ion beam (FIB) instrument (TESCAN Lyra, Brno, Czech Republic) with a gallium source at 30 kV and 180–400 pA. 2 µm of platinum was deposited to protect the surface prior to FIB cutting. FESEM images were taken in three different areas of the films and three different measurements were carried out

Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis

• Berkin Uluutku and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 453–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.37

• existing commercial devices with this type of excitation cannot always provide reliable and sufficiently strong excitation suitable for all types of AFM probes. This has, in fact, been the case when we have attempted to drive solid platinum probes in our laboratory, for which our thermal excitation did not

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• graphitic structures is found to be an engineering pathway for altering the inert catalytic activity of planar honeycomb lattices of graphene and its derivatives [34][35]. It has been found that certain heteroatoms doped into graphene can even outperform the benchmark catalysts such as platinum (Pt/C) in

• platinum ring (potential kept at 1.5 V vs RHE) at 10 mV/s scan rate at 1600 rotation per minute (rpm) for the electrode. The experiments are also carried out at different rotation speeds, and the data is given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S7. The electrochemical parameters derived from these

• path in EEG samples while the sharp Faradaic current enhancement followed by a plateau in Pt/C shows that it is a one-step reduction process. The quantity of H2O2 produced is analyzed using a platinum ring electrode at 1.5 V vs RHE. The ring current is higher (0.067 mA) for highly functionalized

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• counter electrode were a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and a platinum electrode, respectively. Figure 6a shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA electrode at voltage scan rates of 2.5–50 mV/s. All the CV curves shown in Figure 6a consist of a pair of strong redox current peaks

• 12 h. The electrodes loaded with the hybrid were then pressed at 5.0 MPa. The SCE and platinum electrodes were used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The specific capacities were calculated from the GCD curves using C = IΔt/m, where I is the charge–discharge current, Δt is the