Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• with an aqueous solution of bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich) and washed to prevent nanoparticle adhesion to the glass. A collimated IR laser beam (Compass 1064-2500MN, Coherent, λ = 1064 nm) is deflected with a pair of acousto-optic deflectors (AODs). AODs enable the simultaneous generation of

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• , indicating that the release process was endothermic. The total released amounts of NAA and IBA at pH 4 and pH 12 were higher than the quantities released at pH 7. The study of electrolytes evidenced that the released quantities of NAA and IBA depend on the interfering anion present in the aqueous solution

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• grow Te nanoflakes. In order to synthesize Te nanowires, Liang and collaborators [13] performed chemical reactions of Na2TeO3, in aqueous solution, via hydrothermal treatment, whereas Ma and colleagues [14] used a solvothermal approach on glass substrates. To synthesize Te nanotubes, techniques such as

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• , 1454 m, 1441 w, 1259 m, 743 m, 695 m, 483 m cm−1. Adsorption analysis. 2 mL of an aqueous solution of chloroanilic acid (48 µM) was pumped through the porous ALOX-membranes with a syringe pump at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Prior conditioning of the ALOX-membrane was done by activation with 2 mL of

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• than that of the drug alone [170]. Moreover, in a study by Tsai et al., baicalein was loaded inside NLCs prepared with poloxamer 188. The NLCs revealed 7.5- and 4.7-fold higher baicalein accumulations in the cerebral cortex and brainstem, respectively, compared to the aqueous solution [171]. It is also

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• photocatalysis was performed under 300 W Xe light using 15 mL of a 5 ppm MB aqueous solution. Before starting the photocatalysis, the sample was immersed in the MB solution and allowed to remain in the dark for 30 min to reach the adsorption–desorption balance. Then, the solution was placed under a light source

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• Hydrothermal process Preparation of growth solution: The growth solutions used in the hydrothermal process were obtained by preparing mixtures of C6H12N4, NH3·H2O, and a saturated aqueous solution of CuSO4 and ZnCl2. The saturated solution of CuSO4 and ZnCl2 was prepared by dissolving an excess of CuSO4 and

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• structures are stable in aqueous solution, this may not be the case after addition of surfactants or the exchange of the solvent for a more hydrophobic one. Zhao et al. [23] proposed to incorporate silver nanoparticles into polystyrene/polystyrene sulfonate particles through accumulation of a silver complex

• sulfonated nanobeads. The beads were mixed with 150 µL aqueous AgNO3 solution (0.0125 M) for ca. 30 min followed by the addition of 150 µL of a freshly prepared aqueous solution of NaBH4 (0.075 M) and PVP (40 mg/mL). Subsequently, this mixture was kept at 55 °C and stirred using ultrasound for 30 min. The

• final product was collected by centrifugation (13400 rpm, 12100g, 5 min), and washed several times with deionized water. Preparation of silver nanoparticles (non-incorporated in polymer beads): 150 µL of a freshly prepared solution of NaBH4 (0.075 M) in an aqueous solution of PVP (40 mg/mL) was added to

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• hydrothermally carbonized soybean residual. Briefly, a suspension consisting of ≈40 g of ground soybean residual and ≈5 mL of 1 wt % H2SO4 aqueous solution was prepared and stirred ultrasonically. The suspension was transferred into a Teflon-lined autoclave, which was then placed in an oven for the HTC

• obtained after filtration were named as annealed-CDs. Laser ablation in NH4OH solution Figure 1 illustrates the process for the synthesis of CDs from ground soybean residual and the setup for the laser ablation of the annealed-HTC carbon particles in NH4OH aqueous solution. Using a prism and an optical

• h. A mechanical press of the heated mixture at 6000 psi for 5 min led to the formation of a circular pellet of ≈1.27 cm in diameter and ≈1 mm in thickness. The circular pellet was transferred to a self-made vial with a quartz window for laser ablation, and ≈3 mL NH4OH aqueous solution was added to

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• Information File 1. In order to understand the adsorption mechanism, the solution pH for AR1 and JGB was controlled (up to 2–12) with aqueous solution of NaOH or HCl (0.1 M each). (a) N2 adsorption isotherms and (b) pore size distribution of PDC materials and activated carbon (AC) . Amount of adsorbed (a) H2O

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• [108][109][110] supramers in aqueous solution [104][111][112], which eventually would form more clustered Ara6-glycan domains on the surface of Ara6-GNPs. The results obtained clearly suggest that the choice of the spacer aglycon may be critical for the specificity of antibodies against the

• was determined as described below. The pH value of the GNP solutions was adjusted to 6.2, 7.0, 8.9, 9.7, 10.0, and 10.2 by addition of 0.2 М K2CO3 aqueous solution. After that, 100 μL of an aqueous solution of Ara6 glycoside 1 or 2 (concentration 200 μg·mL−1) was added to 100 μL of the obtained GNP

• solutions. The mixtures were incubated at room temperature for 10 min. Then 10% aqueous solution of NaCl was added to an end concentration of 0.9% (m/v) in each solution. The spectra of the obtained solutions were registered with a Tecan Spark 10M microplate reader (Tecan, Austria) at 400–800 nm (Figure 3

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• pillar[5]arenes, containing γ- and δ-sulfobetaine fragments were synthesized. It was shown by the DLS method that the obtained pillar[5]arenes 3 and 4 did not form stable self-associates in aqueous solution. The association of macrocycle 3 with AgNO3 was confirmed by DLS, UV–vis and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• 0.01 g L−1 MB aqueous solution, followed by 1 h of magnetic stirring in the dark to make sure the adsorption saturation of MB onto the photocatalysts was achieved. Then, the photocatalyst–dye aqueous suspension system was exposed to light. 4 mL of the aqueous suspension was extracted every 20 min and

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• , 98%), sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5, NaMBS, Fisher, 99.4%), inhibitor remover (Sigma-Aldrich), iron(III)-2,4-pentanedionate (Fe(acac)3, Alfa Aesar), polyethyleneimine (PEI, Alfa Aesar, 60 kDa – 50 wt % aqueous solution), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, TCI, 10 kDa, 99%), triethylene glycol (TREG, ACROS

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• KOH aqueous solution. The working electrode materials were prepared by mixing the obtained sample, carbon black, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTEF) emulsions at a mass ratio of 80:7.5:7.5:5.0. The homogeneous slurry was coated on Ni foam substrates (1 cm × 1 cm) and dried at 80 °C for

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• osmolality values of an aqueous sodium chloride solution according to Ph. Eur. 2.2.35 and the experimentally determined osmolality of aqueous Kolliphor HS 15 are shown in Figure 3. The linearly increasing osmolality of the aqueous solution of sodium chloride was fitted with the linear van’t Hoff law

• (Equation 1) at a coefficient of determination of 100%, and the reciprocal slope A was used for the term (see Equation 8) for the calculation of the salinity of isotonic nanoemulsions. With increasing the concentration of the nonionic surfactant Kolliphor HS 15 the osmolality of the aqueous solution

• slightly lower than the inhibiting Kolliphor HS 15 concentration, an increased cell viability was observed, which might be caused by a stimulated metabolism of the cells. Table 2 lists the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Kolliphor HS 15 in an aqueous solution of Kolliphor HS 15 (second column) and

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• that could be either hydrophobic or a polyelectrolyte enabled the creation of numerous systems [8]. Depending on their structure, copolymers may also form self-assemblies. This is typically the case for amphiphilic block copolymers, which can form in aqueous solution polymer nanoobjects such as

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• molecules with cationic functionalities were capable of imparting dual stabilization through π stacking and electrostatic interactions. Ulrich and co-workers reported the interaction of aromatic molecules bisfunctionalized with guanidinium moieties and ssDNA in aqueous solution [79]. The cationic

• guanidinium moieties interacted with the anionic phosphodiester backbone of DNA, while aromatic π stacking played a significant role in the molecular assembly in aqueous solution. In another study, isophthalamide and dipicolinamide molecules were shown to act as synthetic small-molecule vectors for the

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• atomic force microscope (AFM) in order to study the effect of annealing on their tribological behavior. Experimental Nanoparticle synthesis A colloidal suspension of Au NPs was produced by reducing an aqueous solution of HAuCl4·H2O. The procedure consisted of adding 3 mL of 1% aqueous HAuCl4 (Sigma

• -Aldrich) to 150 mL of pure H2O at 90 °C under vigorous stirring. After 1 min, 2 mL of a 1% aqueous solution of sodium citrate (C6H5Na3O7, Sigma-Aldrich) were added to stabilize the suspension. By reducing HAuCl4, sodium citrate transfers the negative charge of the citrate ions to the Au NP surface [18][19

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• , respectively. This must be considered in the subsequent etch experiments. The increased KOH concentration during processing in aqueous solution at 80 °C might have lowered the etch rate. However, the temperature has an exponential influence on the GaN etch rate compared to the etch rate peak at ≈25 wt % KOH

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ) (n = 3). Statistical analysis (T-test, two-tailed) showed no significant differences between preparative methods in RAW macrophages, but a somehow better silencing efficiency of direct complexation (and of high-MW chitosan) in HCT-116. In the templated process (left), in a lightly acidic aqueous

• solution the protonated chitosan amines (cationic species in red) are cross-linked by TPP (anionic species in blue). The complexation leads to the nucleation of the particles that increase in size likely more through the adsorption of additional chitosan and TPP species (growth) than through aggregation of

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• salt concentration in the aqueous solution and can reach 150 molecules per one particle. In this study we used a surface density of about 100 molecules of siRNA per 1 AuNP (102.5 ± 3.5) which provided better stability of the AuNP-siRNA construction. We studied the possible effect of a ten-fold increase

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• -functionalized BNNTs were dried and used for grafting polymerization (2). Fabrication of P(AA-co-FA)-grafted brushes BNNTs with grafted oligoperoxide [(2) below in Scheme 1] were placed in a container with 0.1 М of AA and 0.01 M FA aqueous solution and sonicated for 20 min. Then, the mixture was heated under

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• in polar media is the reverse microemulsion technique [22][23][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In a reverse microemulsion, the aqueous solution is confined in uniform, nanosized droplets that are stabilized by a surfactant such as a polyoxyethylene (5) nonylphenylether (trade

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• thin film when it is grown by CBD from an aqueous solution [18]. In 2018, PCE ≈ 5.7% was achieved for a cell based on a spin-coated Sb2S3 absorber, and the same group further increased the PCE of this cell to 6.4% by Zn doping during spin-coating of Sb2S3 [39][40]. Soon after, by doping Sb2S3 with CsOH