High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• excellent photocatalytic properties of Fe-doped SrTiO3, Nd-doped SrTiO3 and Ni/La co-doped SrTiO3 [18][19][20]. These new photocatalysts enable a good response to light or overcome light corrosion caused by the excessive accumulation of photogenerated carriers due to poor conductivity. However, there are

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• solvent employed in their study (DMSO) is known to be unstable in Li/O2 cells [85][86]. Notwithstanding the above, the understanding of electrode corrosion and the search for stable electrode materials, either modified carbons or non-carbon materials, is of crucial importance for a reliable Li/O2 battery

Stiffness of sphere–plate contacts at MHz frequencies: dependence on normal load, oscillation amplitude, and ambient medium

• Jana Vlachová,
• Rebekka König and
• Diethelm Johannsmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.87

• small tangential displacement at contacts between rough surfaces. These small displacements per se have little influence on the strength of the contact. They are still of immense practical relevance because they cause fretting wear [19][20][21], which is a special type of corrosion. Microslip at

Mapping of elasticity and damping in an α + β titanium alloy through atomic force acoustic microscopy

• M. Kalyan Phani,
• Anish Kumar,
• T. Jayakumar,
• Walter Arnold and
• Konrad Samwer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 767–776, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.79

• toughness can be achieved. Ti-6Al-4V combines the benefits of high strength, light weight, formability and corrosion resistance and finds applications in aircraft structural components, aerospace fasteners, high-performance automotive parts, marine applications, medical devices, and sports equipment. Owing

• to the good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, Ti-6Al-4V is also widely used in making load-bearing metal implants [20]. Different studies have been reported on phase transformations [21] and mechanical property variations with various phases [22] in Ti-6Al-4V. Kumar et al. [1] have

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

• Mingxuan Zhu,
• Marielle Eyraud,
• Judikael Le Rouzo,
• Nadia Ait Ahmed,
• Florence Boulc’h,
• Claude Alfonso,
• Philippe Knauth and
• François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

• Matériaux, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France, Université Abderrahmane Mira, Lab. d’Electrochimie, Corrosion et de Valorisation énergétique, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria 10.3762/bjnano.6.65 Abstract The synthesis of a conformal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer on Si nanowires was demonstrated using a

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• strength, appropriate Young’s modulus, outstanding biocompatibility and excellent corrosion resistance make commercially pure titanium a highly favored, biocompatible, metallic material [2]. The biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of titanium surfaces is closely related to the presence of a

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• surface chemistry, surface energy, biocompatibility, friction, corrosion, liquid chromatography, interfacial interactions and electronic transport [1][2][3][4][5][6]. More recent studies have been focused on the functionalization of nanostructures. However, in spite of a large number of experimental and

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• corrosion of fluorescent NPs and particle–particle magnetic bipolar interactions [3]. Further because of the large surface area, pore volume and easy functionalization, silica spheres have widespread applications as catalysts [4], in cosmetics [5], as nanocontainers [6], as nanoreactors [7], as adsorbing

• was also seen in the fluorescence spectra, in which the emission spectra shifted from 610 to 580 nm. Such shift in the absorption and emission spectra was attributed to a possible corrosion of CdTe QDs after silica coating. Magnetic properties of these hybrid nanocomposites were monitored at room

In situ scanning tunneling microscopy study of Ca-modified rutile TiO₂(110) in bulk water

• Giulia Serrano,
• Beatrice Bonanni,
• Tomasz Kosmala,
• Marco Di Giovannantonio,
• Ulrike Diebold,
• Klaus Wandelt and
• Claudio Goletti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 438–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.44

• applications ranging from nanotechnology [7] to gas sensing [8], as well as catalysis [9] and biomedicine [10][11]. In particular, the high corrosion resistance of titanium to biological environments has stimulated the study of this metal and its oxide for in vivo or in vitro calcium phosphate ceramic growth

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• ., pseudocapacitive storage). Consequently, understanding the local electrostatic, electrochemical and double layer ion dynamics at the solid–liquid interface is crucial to the study of corrosion, sensing, energy storage and bioelectric interfaces [3]. These processes are dynamic in nature, involving changes of the

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• boundary between proton conductive electrolyte, electron conductive catalyst, and reactant gases. Moreover, the elevated operating temperatures promote carbon corrosion and therefore degrade the integrity of the catalyst support. These are only some examples how materials properties affect the stability

• potentials leads to severe corrosion of theses carbon materials, a drawback well-known from the PAFC research. Carbon nanotubes are a promising alternative for catalyst support because of their higher corrosion resistivity [47]. Matsumoto et al. [48] fabricated a catalyst material by wrapping individual

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• /bjnano.5.258 Abstract Azole derivatives are common inhibitors of copper corrosion due to the chemical adsorption occurring on the metal surface that gives rise to a protective film. In particular, 1,2,4-triazole performs comparable to benzotriazole, which is much more widely used, but is by no means an

• anticorrosive thin film, the SERS spectra were interpreted with the aid of theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) approach. Keywords: copper corrosion; DFT; inhibitor film; 1,2,4-triazole; SERS; Introduction Copper has a long history in a variety of industrial uses due to its

• large electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical workability and durability (due to its endurance to weathering). These properties, however, can be compromised by the occurrence of corrosion. In fact, copper undergoes severe corrosion in the presence of ions such as chlorides, which can be present

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• that zinc oxide can react with phosphoric acid to form various zinc phosphates which have applications, e.g., as dental cement [2]. Zinc phosphate can also be used as corrosion inhibitor for metals as it forms a protecting layer on metal surfaces [3]. This usage is possible because of the low

• with buffer A (100 mg/L) after one hour. However, after one day destruction is also complete with buffer B. This behaviour can be explained in terms of the formation of a relatively compact layer of sparingly soluble zinc phosphate at the surface, as in technical corrosion protection, which is induced

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• ) lattice, could be physically meaningful, with certain limits imposed on the permissible deviations from the CSL position. In this category there are four models [39][42][43][44], of which the one of Palumbo and Aust [39][45][46] perhaps matches experimental results (concerning boundary corrosion) more

• coworkers [48][49][50] have examined the relevance of the CSL concept in understanding the two properties of segregation and corrosion by using TEM, atom probe tomography (APT) and a “pseudo” 3D-EBSD approach. The major conclusions are as follows. (a) Segregation for low-angle grain boundaries scales with

• the studied Σ9 boundary is not symmetric, i.e., the Miller indices of the boundary plane measured with respect to the two mutual grains are not identical, and therefore, also do not correspond to a coherency plane. (d) In case of corrosion, only the low-angle boundaries and the Σ3 and Σ5 boundaries do

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• separating the individual cells in the stack should have a high corrosion resistance, good electronic and thermal conductivity, and be designed to evenly distribute reactants and products. It is worth noting that the bipolar plates have an impact on the cost structure comparable with the impact of catalytic

• GE and used composite electrodes (a Pt black mixed with Teflon) and an AEM impregnated with 30% KOH [10]. An advantage of AEM fuel cells is that it is possible to use non-PGM electrocatalysts while classic PGM-oxide catalysts are less corrosion stable [11]. In general, AEMs have a lower conductivity

• replace traditional carbon support, e.g., Vulcan XC-72. The addition of more corrosion-resistant ZrC to XC-72 carbon (1:1) provided a narrower particle size distribution and a better dispersion on the surface and resulted in a higher activity during formic acid oxidation [138]. Nanocomposite-based on Pd

Restructuring of an Ir(210) electrode surface by potential cycling

• Khaled A. Soliman,
• Dieter M. Kolb,
• Ludwig A. Kibler and
• Timo Jacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1349–1356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.148

• Khaled A. Soliman Dieter M. Kolb Ludwig A. Kibler Timo Jacob Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany Permanent address: Electrochemistry and Corrosion Laboratory, Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt 10.3762/bjnano.5.148 Abstract

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• cm−1), share several critical draw backs which are: 1) The presence of chloride; which is an integral part in the make of these salts/complexes. This was found to cause severe corrosion of non-noble metals that becomes apparent at potentials exceeding 2 V vs Mg [7][8][26]. This is problematic as it

• magnesium metal (see the Introduction section). Motivated by solving the corrosion problem caused by chloride ions and eliminating tetrahydrofuran as a solvent/cosolvent, Mohtadi et al. [27] proposed a magnesium borohydride based electrolyte for the magnesium battery. The premise of their concept was that

• slow transport properties. Another is the presence of chloride ions making them prime suspects in the corrosion issue. Hence, we believe that the discovery/design of new electroactive species is needed. Recent development in this direction is manifested in the borohydride electrolytes, where

Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO₂ adsorption

• Suchitra W. de Silva,
• Aijun Du,
• Wijitha Senadeera and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 413–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.49

• common technology for the capture of CO2. However this method is criticized for its very high energy consumption and operational limitations such as corrosion, slow uptake rates, foaming and large equipment. Hence there is a huge interest in solid adsorbent materials for CCS [3][4][5][6]. In past few

Atomic layer deposition, a unique method for the preparation of energy conversion devices

• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 245–248, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.26

• in batteries; ALD for separation and protection, in particular to prevent erosion or corrosion in electrochemical devices; ALD for interface engineering, for example defect passivation in solar cells or prevention of charge recombination by tunnel barriers, and for influencing the electronic

Confinement dependence of electro-catalysts for hydrogen evolution from water splitting

• Mikaela Lindgren and
• Itai Panas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 195–201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.21

• environment. The latter may be recast into a nominal pressure experienced by the evolving H2 molecule. We arrived at a novel perspective on the uniqueness of oxide supported atomic Pt as a HE catalyst under ambient conditions. Keywords: confinement; corrosion; DFT; electro-catalysis; hydrogen evolution

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

• Ti, W, Mo etc.) exhibit promising corrosion resistances under fuel cell conditions. However, most of these non-carbon materials suffer from low conductivities and/or poor platinum dispersion, thus limiting the efficiency of the fuel cell [17]. Despite the demonstration of an improved stability as

• ]. This may be either due to migration and collision of platinum particles on the surface of the carbon support with successive coalescence, or due to strong carbon corrosion. In the second case, neighboring but initially separated particles come into contact with each other because of a successive

• shrinkage of the carbon support on which they are located [49]. However, also in the first possible case of agglomeration and coalescence due to migration, carbon corrosion may be involved and lead to a weakening of the interactions between platinum particles and support. Alternatively a preferential local

Ellipsometry and XPS comparative studies of thermal and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited Al₂O₃-films

• Jörg Haeberle,
• Karsten Henkel,
• Hassan Gargouri,
• Franziska Naumann,
• Bernd Gruska,
• Michael Arens,
• Massimo Tallarida and
• Dieter Schmeißer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 732–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.83

• [8] or corrosion protection [9]. Recently, there is a growing activity in covering photo-electrodes or electrodes by ultra-thin Al2O3 ALD layers for electrochemical energy generation and storage systems [10] in order to enhance the efficiency and durability of such devices. This includes for example

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• that could crosslinked by humid air through hydrolysis and condensation reactions [4][5]. This method was used to prepare coatings of thicknesses from 0.3 to 50 micrometers that have an excellent resistance against corrosion and abrasion because of their exceptional adhesion to a variety of substrates

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• nanoglasses Due to their high strength, large elastic limit and excellent corrosion resistance, metallic glasses are considered to be promising biomaterials. As one of the most widely used implantable metals, titanium and its alloys have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest. In fact

Grain boundaries and coincidence site lattices in the corneal nanonipple structure of the Mourning Cloak butterfly

• Ken C. Lee and
• Uwe Erb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 292–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.32

• ., intergranular corrosion, cracking, segregation) as summarized in several books, e.g., [14][15]. It was further shown that the special properties of grain boundaries were even maintained for small angular deviations (Δθ) from the special misorientations (θ). Several criteria were introduced for permissible