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Search for "sulfur" in Full Text gives 195 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28
- ) surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MoO2–CNFs with an average diameter of 425–575 nm obtained after heat treatment were used as a matrix to prepare sulfur/MoO2–CNF cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The polysulfide adsorption
- sulfur/MoO2–CNFs electrodes was examined, and the data showed that MoO2–CNFs calcined at 850 °C delivered optimal performance with an initial capacity of 1095 mAh g−1 and 860 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The results demonstrated that sulfur/MoO2–CNF composites display a remarkably high lithium–ion diffusion
- coefficient, low interfacial resistance and much better electrochemical performance than pristine sulfur cathodes. Keywords: electrochemical performance; electrospinning; lithium–sulfur batteries; MoO2–CNFs; sulfur matrix; Introduction Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered to be the most promising
Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270
- MoS2 with other materials, such as carbon-based materials and non-carbonaceous materials, can enhance the electromechanical properties of MoS2. Wang et al. [21] utilized a beneficial "bridging effect" of sulfur atoms to bind few-layered MoS2 with graphene, which provided fast electron conductivity and
One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267
- nickel hydroxide in hydrogen atmosphere [15]. The hybrid showed improved cycling stability in lithium–sulfur batteries as compared to the electrode made from porous carbon only. Cai et al. have synthesized N-doped hierarchical porous carbon–CNT hybrids using a melamine-formaldehyde resin, Fe/Co catalyst
Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265
- an ideal fcc Au{111} surface. During lift-off, some Au surface atoms remain attached to the lifting sulfur atoms, breaking the Au surface symmetry and causing reconstruction of the remaining Au surface layer. As lifting continues, some Au atoms move between the sulfur atoms, forming RS–Au–SR
- structures that are still able to bond to additional Au atoms. Before complete separation, a chain consisting of two or three Au atoms between each thiol and the Au surface is formed and finally ruptures, usually after the first or second Au atom has attached to each sulfur atom. As a consequence of lift-off
- to interrogate the structure and stoichiometry of the lifted-off Au monolayer further. The potential to lift-off Au via PDMS contact is consistent with the discovery that Au–thiolate complexes are the mobile species in SAM diffusion [2][50]. The electronegative sulfur atoms (thiol head groups
The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263
- of 10 nm average diameter with a conjugated copolymer comprising bithiazole and benzothiazole. The sulfur and nitrogen atoms in the blocks interacted with the metal surface, providing stability to the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles with the chemisorbed polymer acted as a template for the self
- to twelve times higher than in the unfilled polymer (Figure 8) [141]. Semaltianos et al. prepared ligand-free silver nanoparticles in deionized water by laser ablation. Their colloidal solution was mixed with the polymer mixture PEDOT:PSS, which coated the metal surface. The sulfur atom of the
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261
- elongated junctions with the lowest conductance values correspond to the molecule being completely stretched and suspended between the electrodes, i.e., being connected to gold through the sulfur binding groups. Hence, the most probable conductance is found to be (1.4 ± 1.0) × 10−7 G0 and (8.3 ± 4.5) × 10−7
- HOMO energy is closer to the Fermi energy than the LUMO level, as typical for sulfur anchoring groups [37]. In Figure 2c, we show the wavefunctions of the dominant eigenchannel at EF for the closed and open forms for electrons that enter from the left side. The electric transport mainly proceeds
- coupling between the rings is suppressed for the open form. In this case, the molecular orbitals localize on the left and right side. The incoming electron waves from the left lead couple through the sulfur atom into the π-electron system of the left side, but in the middle of the molecule at the core unit
Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256
- that the radical sites generated in the DEA process substantially stimulate the cross-linking process and that the very effective iodine loss in the DEA process should thus be reflected in the cross-linking efficiency. The decrease of the intensity maximum of the thiol sulfur S 2p3/2 peak at a binding
- energy (BE) of 162 eV and a formation and increase of a new sulfur species with a S 2p3/2 peak at BE = 163.5 eV due to radiation-induced formation of new sulfur species, such as disulfides and/or thioethers [2]. This may be regarded as an indirect indicator for the transition of SAMs into CNMs and for
- respective halogenated biphenyls as a function of the irradiation time and thus the electron dose. Figure 3 shows the XPS data of the sulfur S 2p region for SAMs from 2-Cl-BPT, 2-Br-BPT and 2-I-BPT. For reference, XPS data for the SAMs from native non-halogenated BPT are also shown. Similar to Figure 2, the
Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247
- nanocomposite materials in ionic liquids (ILs) to yield selectively phase-pure metal-fluoride nanoparticles (MFx-NPs) supported on the TRGO as stable colloids (Scheme 1). The used TRGO starting materials differed in the temperatures at which they were reduced (300, 400 or 750 °C) and in the presence of sulfur
- TRGO-400 by reaction with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and propylene sulfide. Subsequently, the TRGO-SH carries sulfur functionalities on the surface that were intended to increase the interactions with the nanoparticles (see Scheme S2, Supporting Information File 1) [7]. Also, from cobalt amidinate
- presence of sulfur functionalities. The nanoparticles exhibited mostly diameters of less than 30 nm. For cobalt it was only possible to support non-aggregated CoF2 particles on TRGO-SH. The results support the advantages of the metal-organic precursor concept based on metal amidinates together with non
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197
- improvement of the tribological behavior of the same type of sliding pairs when 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate was added to the model lubricant fluid (glycerol). They attributed this to sulfur species in the tribofilm. Gusain et al. [15] synthesized bis-imidazolium ILs that proved to be efficient as
- -like contaminations on the Si surface. In the case of the IL mixtures, no important differences exist among the C 1s signals: Two peaks may be fitted in the same positions, the intensity of the aliphatic carbon being lower in the PEG + [EMIM][EtSO4] sample. The most intense XPS sulfur peak is the S 2p
- , while the Si-OH groups were not found to give a significant contribution [37]. In this case, the positive role of the [EtSO4] anion seems to overlap the poor efficiency of the [EMIM] cation. Other authors [38][39] tested the frictional behavior of ILs composed of the cation [EMIM] and the sulfur-based
Intercalation of Si between MoS2 layers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196
- the deposition of ca. 0.2 monolayers of Si at room temperature are shown. The pristine MoS2 surface appears very smooth. Usually only the top sulfur layer is resolved, resulting in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry and a lattice constant of 3.16 Å (see Figure 1b,c). The pristine MoS2 contains some
Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191
- equivalent weight 24 (LEUNA-Harze GmbH); graphite intercalated compound (GIC) of 30–50 mesh, 3.1% sulfur (3772, Anthracite Industries, Inc. a subsidiary of Asbury Carbons); surface-active agents (SAAs) for SG treatment used in this study: polyether polyol (MW = 4000, hydroxyl number: 28 mg KOH/g, (Grade 4200
Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159
- -C3N4–Ag3VO4, g-C3N4–ZnWO4, g-C3N4–SrTiO3, g-C3N4–BiWO4, and g-C3N4–Bi2WO6. Such kinds of nanocomposites have been widely explored with remarkably enhanced photocatalytic performance as compared to their respective bare counterparts. Recently, Woo et al. [84] reported their investigation on a sulfur
- various photocatalytic reactions. However, a very high exciton recombination rate limits the photocatalytic efficiency of BiVO4. Hence, to overcome this issue, the heterojunction formation with an ideal material like g-C3N4 is one of the promising strategies. The sulfur-doped g-C3N4-BiVO4 nanocomposite
- was fabricated by a one-pot impregnation co-precipitation method as shown in Figure 12a. The S doping was introduced to narrow the band gap of g-C3N4 by stacking its 2p orbitals on the valence band of bare g-C3N4 which eventually contributes to increase the efficiency. Furthermore, the sulfur doping
Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS2 thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113
- substrate temperature. The applied sputter deposition process employs a MoS2 target sputtered by argon ions. Ar (atomic number 18) preferably sputters light sulfur atoms (atomic number 16) from the target. Heavier molybdenum atoms (atomic number 42) are harder to sputter. Thus sputter and back-sputter
- process may result in non-stoichiometric, sulfur rich composition in our PVD films. In keeping with this, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the films in general gave slightly S-enriched Mo/S ratios of 1:2.1. Furthermore, also argon or residual oxygen might have been incorporated into
ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CuInZnxS2+x quantum dots as highly efficient solar light driven photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1080–1093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.110
- as the sulfur source and as the stabilizing ligand for the nanocrystals. A Cu/In ratio of 0.7 was used for the synthesis because Cu-deficient CIS QDs exhibit higher PL quantum yields than those prepared with a stoichiometric Cu/In ratio [43]. To improve the PL efficiency, a ZnS shell was coated on
Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105
- coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. With these technics, the composition, the chemical and physical proprieties of fly ash are determined. The results obtained by these analysis show that fly ash is mainly composed of carbon, and it contains also sulfur and metals
- were V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The minor constituents (10–100 mg/kg) include Br, Si, and Al. The fly ash contains also toxic elements such as Pb, As, Zn, and Cr but with relatively low concentrations. In addition, the fly ash samples have been analyzed for carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen
- (CHN elemental analysis). Table 2 shows the results of the fly ash samples. It should be noted that fly ash is black, which indicates a high carbon content (90.81 wt %). It also contains a high amount of sulfur (6.17 wt %). Combustion of fly ash As indicated in Table 2, fly ash is mainly composed of
Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO2 nanorods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104
- indication that at 170 °C the dopant ions partially substitute K+ in the tunnels. The EXAFS spectrum of this sample also indicates a distortion of the symmetry of the chromium site. In addition, all samples contain sulfur. The average sulfur content falls in the range between 1.1 and 3.1 atom % (Table 1
- ). The sulfur detected in the samples is originating from the sulfuric acid that was a part of the reaction mixture [26]. The chemical composition of an individual nanorod (Co-90) was determined using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in combination with high-angle annular dark field scanning
- depositing a droplet of the dispersion on a lacey-carbon-coated copper grid. The elemental analysis of potassium, sulfur, manganese and cobalt/chromium was performed with the FE-SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Standard K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) of the
Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91
- selenoacetate Trp1SeAc (compare Scheme S1 in the Supporting Information File 1). Selenoacetate compounds can be used to form selenolate SAMs on gold surfaces [8]. Earlier work on homologous sulfur compounds revealed that free thiol groups are incompatible with benzyne [28]. Yet, it could be shown that formation
- of the triptycene group by reaction of anthracene moieties with benzyne is possible if the sulfur atom is protected, e.g., with an acyl group [28]. We suspected the selenol group to be similarly unstable towards benzyne as the thiol group and thus aimed to protect it. For this purpose, 9
- of S+ (m/z = 32), Se+ (m/z = 79), triptycyl+ (m/z = 253), triptycylmethyl+ (m/z = 267) and triptycylsulfur+ (m/z = 285). Since the molecular masses of the other sulfur- and selenium-based fragments are close to or even beyond the maximum detectable mass of the used apparatus, we scanned the molecular
Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85
- presence of sulfur, which limited the aggregation of Co particles and formed Co–S compounds, was suggested to enable the chirality selectivity toward the (9,8) tubes. In [119], large diameter SWCNTs with a narrow (n,m) distribution and dominant (13,12) tubes (d = 1.67 nm) were synthesized in aerosol
First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77
- %, nitrogen contents between 6 and 7%, and sulfur contents around 15%. In the case of the IGs based on the monoliths made from acetone, the carbon contents are somewhat more scattered and vary from around 40 to 48%, while the H, N, and S contents are again rather constant at around 5 to 8%, 5 to 8%, and 15 to
- materials with a high application potential in various fields. Ball-and-stick representation of the simulation box. Visualized with TRAVIS [43] and vmd [44]. Left: cations in green and anions in red. Right: carbon in orange, sulfur in yellow, oxygen in red, nitrogen in blue, and hydrogen in white
Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64
- that a high gold content enhances the gas sensor response, thanks to the great affinity between gold and sulfur atoms of thiol groups [50]. Therefore, the increase in the Au NP density enhances the amount of the adsorption sites for H2S, resulting in a higher sensitivity and selectivity towards H2S gas
Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO2 nanoparticles on a Si substrate
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25
- used to characterize the surface region of the NP-based film. From the overview spectrum (Figure 3c) the presence of oxygen, titanium, carbon and sulfur can be seen; no other elements were detected on the film surface. The Ti 2p spectrum corresponds well to literature data [20][21] of TiO2, and fits
- bound with PTSA. (a) TEM images of TiO2 nanoparticles; (b) Raman spectrum of the NP-based thin film showing the existence of the anatase crystal phase (Eg band at 151 cm−1); (c) XPS overview spectrum demonstrating the presence of titanium, oxygen, carbon and sulfur in the NP-based thin film; (d) Ti 2p
Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24
- -based anodes. To match the practical use of Si-based anodes, sulfur (1675 mAh/g) and/or transition-metal-sulphides might be the potential candidates for the state-of-the-art commercial cathodes [15]. In addition, the rate performance of the resulting Si anode was tested and the result is illustrated as
Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23
- second element is needed to couple with S2− from the Na2S. In most studies, sulfur is added to the sulfide salt to form a polysulfide (S2−/Sx2−) redox couple. From the above results it is evident that polysulphide electrolyte is more suitable for achieving better efficiency whereas the I−/I3− system is
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8
- , to let the sulfur of the –SH group bind covalently to the Au surface (chemisorption). The substrates were then gently washed with their aqueous solutions and dried under nitrogen flow. All the lipids were dissolved in chloroform/methanol 2:1 vol/vol, dried under a gentle nitrogen flux in a test tube
A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176
- strongly depend on the grain boundary character and structure [69][80][81][82][83][84]. Bouchet and Priester [82][83] have found that the intergranular segregation of sulfur in Ni occurred preferentially at high-energy general random boundaries, but is very difficult or small at low-energy special
- micrographs of the propagation path of cracks produced by Vickers indentation tests at a load of 1.96 N for the sulfur-doped submicrometer-grained Ni specimens with different grain boundary microstructures [85]. Type A and Type B specimens had different fractions of low-Σ CSL boundaries (including low-angle
- our recent work on sulfur-doped polycrystalline Ni [87]. Effects of grain boundary microstructure on fatigue deformation and fracture in nanocrystalline Ni–P alloy In recent years, it has been revealed that grain boundaries play important and different roles in fatigue crack nucleation [88][89][90][91
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