Dependence of lattice strain relaxation, absorbance, and sheet resistance on thickness in textured ZnO@B transparent conductive oxide for thin-film solar cell applications

• Kuang-Yang Kou,
• Yu-En Huang,
• Chien-Hsun Chen and
• Shih-Wei Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 75–80, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.9

• , doping impurities, such as B, Al, and Ga, can improve the electrical transport properties of ZnO [18]. There are two benefits to using a B-doped ZnO (ZnO@B) film as the TCO layer. First, B has the smallest ionic radius among the three dopants (B3+: 0.23Å, Al3+: 0.54 Å, Ga3+: 0.62 Å,), which results in

• investigation. Experimental Synthesis of ZnO@B thin films by LPCVD The polar c-plane ZnO samples were grown on a sapphire substrate at 170 °C at a pressure of 0.6 Torr in a LPCVD reactor. DEZ and H2O were used as the precursors for Zn and O, respectively. ZnO was doped with B to improve the electrical transport

• properties of ZnO thin films [9][18]. B2H6 was used as a doping gas. Four ZnO@B samples with 20-, 40-, 60-, and 70-minute growth times, corresponding to 272, 544, 1022, and 1388 nm in thickness, were prepared (samples c-20, c-40, c-60, and c-70, respectively). For the four samples, the B2H6, DEZ, and H2O flow

Current-induced runaway vibrations in dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons

• Rasmus Bjerregaard Christensen,
• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 68–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.8

• how armchair nanoribbons can serve as a possible testbed for probing the current-induced forces. Keywords: current-induced forces; density functional theory (NEGF-DFT); graphene; molecular electronics; Introduction The electronic and transport properties of graphene has been the focus of intense

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• improvement. In details, the organic–organic and metal–organic interfaces determine injection properties, whereas the conductivities of organic layers limit the charge transport properties. Charge transport in organic semiconductors has been widely studied by electrical characterization techniques such as

• correlation between obtained results of different characterization techniques is reliable only for the same device. This study demonstrates charge transport properties in OLED devices formed by indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD)/Alq3/Al system. The

• transport properties of OLED devices has been done on the organic double-layer sandwiched between two electrodes ITO/α-NPD/Alq3/Al. The devices were grown on glass slides precoated with ITO with sheet resistance lower than 10 Ω/sq. The substrates were cleaned sequentially in ultrasonic bath by isopropanol

High electronic couplings of single mesitylene molecular junctions

• Yuki Komoto,
• Shintaro Fujii,
• Tomoaki Nishino and
• Manabu Kiguchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2431–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.251

• transport properties of single mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) molecular junctions. The electronic conductance and the current–voltage characteristics of mesitylene molecules wired into Au electrodes were measured by a scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break-junction method at room temperature in a

Negative differential electrical resistance of a rotational organic nanomotor

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash,
• Qusiy Al-Galiby,
• Rachel Sparks,
• Steven Bailey and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.240

• effect of the external electric field on transport properties of the dumbbell molecule, consider the molecule connected to two gold electrodes in a junction, as shown in Figure 3a. Since we are interested in a two-terminal switch, we focus on the effect of the source–drain electric field induced by gold

Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices

• Tino Wagner,
• Hannes Beyer,
• Patrick Reissner,
• Philipp Mensch,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2193–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.225

• modulation; Kalman filter; Kelvin probe force microscopy; sidebands; Introduction Device performance of current nanoelectronic devices, and even more so of potential future generations including nanowires or molecular junctions, critically depends on transport properties varying on a length scale of a few

• , and assuming uniform material or transport properties, for the nanowire device in Figure 9 we hereby obtain a contact resistance of 40 kΩ at the left electrode, 150 kΩ at the right electrode, and a channel resistance of 50 kΩ. In Figure 10, we compare the performance of our Kalman-KFM controller with

Thermoelectricity in molecular junctions with harmonic and anharmonic modes

• Bijay Kumar Agarwalla,
• Jian-Hua Jiang and
• Dvira Segal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2129–2139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.218

• energy transport properties of molecular junctions is delivered by the so-called cumulant generating function , defined in terms of the characteristic function as with Here λe, λp are counting fields for energy and particles, respectively, defined for the right lead measurement, t is the final

High I_on/I_off current ratio graphene field effect transistor: the role of line defect

• Mohammad Hadi Tajarrod and
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2062–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.210

• of its unique electronic transport properties. The properties of graphene such ultra-thin body properties for optimum electrostatic scaling and excellent thermal conductivity has made it a potential alternative to silicon and facilitated the manufacture of devices [1][2]. Furthermore, the high

• along the edge of zigzag nanoribbons. There are also studies on the line defects in armchair nanoribbons [16][17]. The research into divacancies and ELD in armchair nanoribbons shows that the presence of divacancy defects has significant impacts on the band structure and electronic transport properties

Simulation of thermal stress and buckling instability in Si/Ge and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires

• Suvankar Das,
• Amitava Moitra,
• Mishreyee Bhattacharya and
• Amlan Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1970–1977, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.201

• years, a drastic rise in the research activities on semiconductor core/shell nanowires (CSNWs) made of silicon and germanium has occurred. Such studies are often motivated by the excellent charge transport properties of the materials [1][2][3][4], for which they are now seen as prospective candidates

• becomes a crucial operating parameter for the CSNW devices. On one hand, it directly affects the transport properties through phononic contributions, while on the other, it can induce thermal stress in the system. Although the former effect can be quantified through direct transport measurements [2][10

• strategy is easier for materials with a lower Debye temperature. Such cases would not require the quantum scaling of temperature, which is the most computationally expensive and prohibitive part of this method for systems with large sizes. Furthermore, some other effects such as the change in transport

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• transport properties in the bulk and across junction interfaces. However, the insight that the J–V curves provide into microscopic processes is intimately linked to the applied analysis. It is quite remarkable that for the limiting cases of quasi-free electrons and small polarons, the analysis of J–V curves

• same barrier calculated from J–V curves in the dark. The result that the same value for the energy barrier is obtained from analysis of transport properties in the dark and under illumination (Equation 22 and Equation 16, respectively) confirms the consistency of the analysis and applicability of the

Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1413–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.146

• Hatef Sadeghi Sara Sangtarash Colin J. Lambert Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK 10.3762/bjnano.6.146 Abstract We have studied the charge and thermal transport properties of a porphyrin-based single-molecule transistor with electro-burnt

• , the edges of the EBG are likely terminated by oxygen, especially close to the junction. Therefore, before studying the transport properties of the PM, we focus on the transport properties of the EBG electrodes with oxygen-terminated edges. Figure 3 shows the molecular and electronic structure of the

Can molecular projected density of states (PDOS) be systematically used in electronic conductance analysis?

• Tonatiuh Rangel,
• Gian-Marco Rignanese and
• Valerio Olevano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1247–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.128

• importance of the lead–molecule charge transfer and the significance of its role in transport properties of molecular junctions. Here, it constitutes the basis for the construction of a new method of analysis. Application of the new method to BDT-h We apply our new method to the case of BDT-h (hollow

Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir–Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative

• Henrry M. Osorio,
• Santiago Martín,
• María Carmen López,
• Santiago Marqués-González,
• Simon J. Higgins,
• Richard J. Nichols,
• Paul J. Low and
• Pilar Cea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1145–1157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.116

• interactions, for example, van der Waals interactions and polarization effects in electronic transport properties [22][23][24]. In addition, planar-sandwiched monolayer structures are more closely aligned with practical electronic applications. Three main techniques have been used to fabricate molecular

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• the formation of excimers in the solid state, which is crucial for the transport properties. The incorporation of Al(Op)3 into organic thin film transistors (TFTs) was performed in order to measure the charge carrier mobility. The experimental setup detected no electron mobility, while a hole mobility

• efficiently accept and delocalize additional electrons) suggest more robust electron charge transport properties. This discrepancy is explained by the excimer formation, whose inclusion in the multiscale simulation workflow is expected to bring the theoretical simulation and experiment into agreement

• parameters for charge transporting materials [15]. In particular, lower LUMO and HOMO energies enable easier reduction of the metal chelate, leading to enhanced electron injection and transport properties, and an increased resistance to oxidization, resulting in an improved hole blocking character. For this

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• induced deposition; heterostructures; in situ processing; platinum; Introduction Controlling magneto-transport properties on the nanometer-scale is essential for basic research in micro-magnetism [1] and spin-dependent transport [2] as well as for various applications, such as magnetic domain-wall logic

• values for purified individual Co [30] and Pt [39] FEBID structures. Magneto-transport properties The central finding of this work lies in the modification of the field dependences of the Hall voltage U(H) measured at 10 K for all samples, see Figure 4. The magnetic field was directed perpendicular to

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• LIBs and NIBs, the behavior is in most cases quite different. The reason is related to the larger size of the sodium ion that affects the phase stability, the transport properties and the interphase formation. The basic characteristics of multielectron transfer reactions involving sodium-based

• : Considerably high combined overpotential occurs and the cell kinetics are sluggish. Various processes can contribute to overpotential, but using catalysts or optimizing the transport properties might be effective strategies for improvement. Type 3: The voltage continuously increases during charging and might

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• can be compared (Table 2). To this end the effective transport properties required in the meso-case instead of bulk values are computed from the micro-structure by using the software GeoDict [89]. As described in the previous section, the meso-model used here is a 3D + 1D model, i.e., three spatial

Production, detection, storage and release of spin currents

• Michele Cini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 736–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.75

• and transport properties of materials [2]. On the other hand, other promising themes of research on spin currents remain largely to be explored. One is the spin version of quantum pumping – something that is not possible classically. A seminal paper by Thouless [3] pointed out that quantum mechanics

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• their use for room temperature operations [8][9]. In a three-terminals geometry, the relatively thick electrodes lead to a screening of the gate potential; the atomistic configuration of the metal–molecule–metal junction has a large number of parameters that determine the transport properties which

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• ] conformational changes on electron transport properties have rarely been explicitly described. In this context, this admittance spectroscopy study emphasizes a collective dynamic behavior of linear saturated (n-alkyl) chains tethered to Si(111). Dynamic properties are very sensitive to structure and conformation

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• theoretical prediction of the electronic and transport properties of carbon wires connected to metal electrodes and to other carbon nanostructures such as graphene and nanotubes, while detailed experimental work is still needed to unveil the structure and properties of these systems. Raman spectroscopy is a

• also attracted interest as a molecular junction, as shown in a number of theoretical investigations and a few experimental works regarding wires connected to graphene and nanotubes. These have shown interesting electronic and transport properties [80][81][82][83][84]. While experimental work is still

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• multichannel membranes focus on the chemical modification of channel walls to investigate ionic and molecular transport properties [7][8], with the aim to develop sensors based on nanochannels with tailored surface [9]. Track-etched membranes are also most suitable for the synthesis of nanowires or nanotubes

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• properties. Keywords: CdTe; electrodeposition; nanowires; transport properties; Introduction Nanowires, which are quasi one-dimensional structures, are considered an extremely important class of nanostructures, regarded as highly effective building blocks for future electronic devices [1][2][3][4]. In

• the nanowire drastically improved the transport properties. This was tested in this work and to our knowledge, only one previous paper dealt with the electrical transport of individual nanowires [20]. No observation of passivation effects on CdTe nanowires was previously reported. We also observed a

• transport through the nanowire, a third electrical contact was made to the n++ Si substrate. A comparison of the transport properties of the nanowires with and without a passivated thin layer of PMMA was performed. This polymer passivation layer was deposited onto the wire by means of spin coating. SEM

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• technique allows local variations of the organic film topography to be correlated with electrical transport properties. Local current mapping as well as local I–V spectroscopy shows that despite the granular structure of the films, the electrical transport is uniform through the organic films on the

• microscale. The AFM-based electrical measurements allow the local charge carrier mobility of the TbPc2 thin films to be quantified with nanoscale resolution. Keywords: current sensing AFM; ellipsometry; spintronics; TbPc2; transport properties; Introduction Molecular spintronic devices could bring a new

• well-established methods for local electrical characterization in organic materials [20][21][22][23][24]. In this work, we employ the cs-AFM technique in order to investigate the local transport properties of TbPc2 thin films on Co substrates. Due to its high reproducibility and versatility, cs-AFM

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• breakthroughs in photovoltaics. It is believed that quantum dot (QD) solar cells have the potential to reach a maximum conversion efficiency of about 66% [2]. A colloidal nanocrystal solar cell, which combines all the advantages of organics (scalable and controllable synthesis) with transport properties