Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• Sb2S3 cells by the polymer is to a large extent parasitic [27]. The applied polymers differ in band gap as can be seen from the measured absorption spectra in Figure 4c and the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The HOMO of Sb2S3 obtained from ultraviolet photon spectroscopy (UPS

• between the Sb2S3/P3HT and Sb2S3/KP115 cells for wavelengths above 500 nm. This can be explained by the different absorption spectra which are plotted together with the EQE data. P3HT has a larger band gap than KP115 so that P3HT does not absorb above approximately 650 nm. The incident light is instead

• investigation. Another reason could be that the Sb2S3/HTM interface is limiting for the Sb-TU process, whereas the bulk of Sb2S3 becomes limiting for the thicker absorber layers from the Sb-BDC. The EQE spectra and corresponding Jsc values are clearly influenced by the absorption spectra of the applied polymer

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• of 0.9% NaCl; (d, e) TEM images of 3 particles in the (d) absence and (e) the presence of 0.9% NaCl; scale bars: 50 nm, c3 = 10 mg/mL); (f) proposed scheme of self-association of macrocycle 3. (a, b) Absorption spectra of Orange OT (a) and QC (b) in aqueous solutions of 3 and mPEG-550 (solubilisation

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• agreement with previous reports that correlate XAS and XPS [108][109]. By correlating XAS and RRDE measurements, they assumed that the π* profile observed in the absorption spectra can be used to identify the nitrogen configuration, being therefore an indicator of the ORR activity. Nagaiah and co-workers

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

•  6a shows the typical absorption spectra change for an aqueous RhB solution after UV–vis light irradiation for constant time intervals using TiO2 particles (TiO2-500) calcined at 500 °C. The strong absorption peak at 553 nm continuously decreased and finally disappeared after 60 minutes. This

• (≈400–800 °C). (a) UV–vis absorption spectra indicating degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using the TiO2-500 sample, (b) photocatalytic degradation of RhB under UV–vis light irradiation and (c) semilogarithmic plot versus time for the different TiO2 samples: Blank Test (no catalyst) (■), TiO2-350

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• ). The BE shifts were corrected by assigning a value of 284.8 eV to the C 1s line of adventitious carbon [51]. UV–vis absorption spectra were collected using an Agilent Cary 60 UV–vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range λ = 400–800 nm. The morphology of thin films was examined using a field

• with an average area of 96 cm2 were immersed into a batch reactor, which was filled with 70 mL of dye solution and was purged with oxygen (flow rate 100 mL/min). The activity of the thin films was determined by measuring the absorption spectra of PB (absorption maximum at ≈527 nm) after different

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• , respectively. The orientation of the LC after filling the cells was checked using an optical polarization microscope. To obtain the absorption spectra we have used a UV-3600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). To study the QD luminescence a confocal laser scanning microscope LSM 710 (Cаrl Zeiss, Germany) with

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• +-spiked water samples (0.96 µM) caused large red-shift in the absorption spectra and dramatic change in visual appearance of yellow to red suggests possibilities in implementing both colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements (Figure 7). Levels of Cu2+ in Cu2+-spiked tap water (2.9 μM) and pond

• . Real-time UV–vis response of AgNPs toward Cu2+ The AgNPs solution (200 µL) was incubated with 0.64, 0.96 and 1.28 µM Cu2+ in distilled water. At different reaction times, the stability behavior of the coordination product was studied by measuring the absorption spectra of the reaction solutions

Computational exploration of two-dimensional silicon diarsenide and germanium arsenide for photovoltaic applications

• Sri Kasi Matta,
• Chunmei Zhang,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Anthony O'Mullane and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1247–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.116

• obtained by using the HSE-Wannier method (1.91 and 1.64 eV for SiAs2 and GeAs2, respectively) with similar and negligible variation amongst the two methods. The corresponding first absorption peaks in the absorption spectra are the optical band gaps at 2.01 and 1.72 eV, respectively. Thus the calculated

• ) GW-band structures and (b,d) BSE-optical absorption spectra of SiAs2 and GeAs2, respectively. Calculated structural parameters of SiAs2 and GeAs2 compared with the experimental values. Calculated band gaps of SiAs2 and GeAs2 for bulk, bilayers and monolayers. Supporting Information Supporting

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [8][9], Raman spectroscopy [10], and UV–vis absorption spectra [11][12], reflect the average information of rGO materials. However, they cannot characterize an isolated rGO sheet at the nanoscale. Optical observation [13] and transmission electron

• reduced GO sheets for examples, we aim to evaluate the degree of reduction of individual rGO sheets at the nanoscale using EFS. Results and Discussion The thermal or chemical reduction of GO sheets was verified with XPS, UV–vis absorption spectra, and SPFM, as shown in Figure 1. The sample labels and the

• [20] from 1.1:1 to 6.3:1 (Figure 1a). However, the degree of reduction of samples 1–5 cannot be characterized from the almost coincident XPS spectrum in Figure 1b. In the normalized UV–vis absorption spectra (Figure 1c), the red-shift of the main absorbance peak from 226 nm to 264 nm the absorption

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• on the absorption spectra we determined the beginning of the spectral transparency region of our samples at λ = 750 nm. This allowed us to apply the Cauchy optical model to ellipsometric data analysis in the transparency region and determine the samples thickness d as a function of temperature T. The

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• of the G5 dendrimer and also of the azobenzene monomer (M), which is similar to the G5 terminal moieties, incorporated into the nematic matrix. To this end, we used the spectroscopic method that is described in the Experimental section. The polarized absorption spectra of planar cells with NLC doped

• = 60 s) and light intensity (I = 3–6 mW/cm2) were sufficiently large to achieve a saturation of isomer concentration, i.e., the absorption spectra do not change at a further increase of τexp and I. It should be noted that the LED irradiation does not cause any orientational effects in the NLC films

• . The effects of light-induced director reorientation in the films of NLCs doped with M or G5 occur at light intensities which are three or even four orders of magnitude higher [45]. The polarized absorption spectra were recorded with the help of an MC-122 spectrometer (Proscan Special Instruments). The

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• and Au nanoparticle/ZnO structures using the chemical bath deposition approach (b and c). (a) TEM images and (b) EDS spectrum of Au nanoparticle/ZnO structures. (a) Absorption spectra; (b) Kubelka–Munk transformed spectra; (c) photoluminescence spectra at room temperature; and (d) time-resolved

• with rough surface morphology could provide an advantage for enhancing the plasmonic effect when incorporated with Au NPs, which showed great performance in gas sensing and photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollution substances [14][15][16][22][23][24][25]. Figure 3a shows the UV–vis absorption

• spectra of ZnO and Au NP/ZnO films. A typical absorption peak in the UV region around 365 nm is observed on the pure ZnO as well as on the Au NP/ZnO sample, which originates from the band edge absorption of ZnO. However, the Au NP/ZnO sample exhibits an extra peak centered at 517 nm, corresponding to the

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• quantify the amount of dye degraded. The time-dependent absorption spectra of RhB solutions degraded by the CTCN heterojunction photocatalyst under different light sources are depicted in Figure 9a–c and those for bare g-C3N4 and CT, including the control experiments performed without catalyst, are

• heterojunction. Photoluminescence spectra of g-C3N4, CT and CTCN heterojunction. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption curves for (a) g-C3N4 (b) CT and (c) CTCN heterojunction; BET surface area plots for (d) g-C3N4 (e) CT and (f) CTCN heterojunction. Time-dependent absorption spectra of RhB degradation with the CTCN

• , f) the modified Freundlich model for RhB degradation with different photocatalysts under (a, d) UV light, (b, e) visible light and (c, f) sunlight irradiation. Time-dependent absorption spectra of BPA degradation under sunlight irradiation (a) pure BPA (without catalyst) and (b) using CTCN

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• would be close to the experimental absorption spectrum, as one can see from Figure 2c. In any case, we can conclude that Au nanorods in benzene are not coated with a continuous layer of CTAB. Nanorod behavior in organic solvents The absorption spectra taken (in tetrahydrofuran) during the phase transfer

• Experimental). As a result, decanethiol- and polymer-coated nanoparticle sols are characterized by qualitatively similar absorption spectra in toluene (Figure 7), whereas polymer-coated nanoparticles reveal considerably higher thermostability. Indeed, Figure 8 demonstrates that at 150 °C, decanethiol

• (JEOL, Japan). Optical analysis Absorption spectra of nanoparticle sols in the visible light range were recorded on an optical absorbance USB 2000 spectrometer (Ocean Optics, USA) equipped with a LS-1 halogen light source and a cuvette holder. The spectral data were processed using a SpectraSuite

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• * transition of the imidazolium ring. On the other hand, the long tail of the absorption spectra could be due to (i) the energy structure of the cation as well as the spatial arrangement of the anion and (ii) the presence of an impurity resulting from the IL synthesis [42][43][44]. Considering the above

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• nanoparticles, we show in Figure 1 the UV–vis absorption spectra obtained from the most representative samples. The peak at about 400 nm is due to SPR of the electrons in the conduction band of silver and indicates the formation of silver colloids with nanometre-sized dimensions. Ammonia modulates the UV–vis

• absorption spectra in a concentration-dependent manner and catalyses the formation of silver nanoparticles. Size, shape and surface functionalization of the nanoparticles can strongly influence the spectral trend of the plasmon band of the silver nanoparticles [28][29]. As evident from Figure 1, the plasmon

• particular, the results were interpreted by a first-order kinetic model [30][31]. As expected, the final result depends on NH3 concentration and on reaction time. Figure 6 shows the time evolution of UV–vis absorption spectra of two different colloidal solutions containing 200 ppm and 5 ppm ammonia (Figure

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• content. Optical properties Figure 3a shows the UV–vis absorption spectra of CDs in an aqueous solution in the range from 200 nm to 750 nm. The obvious peak at about 330 nm could be ascribed to the n–π* transition of C=O bond [56]. The inset of Figure 3a shows that the CD solution emitted a strong blue

• onset of the absorption spectra of pure g-C3N4 started from 452 nm, showing a band gap of 2.75 eV, which is almost the same as that previously reported [28][46][64]. It is obvious that all CD/g-C3N4 composites displayed a broad light absorption in the whole solar spectrum ranging from 200 to 800 nm due

• absorption spectra after titanium dioxide (TiO2) loading [28] and acid treatment [29], the incorporation of CDs into g-C3N4 consistently red-shifted the absorption spectra towards the visible and NIR region. However, the photocatalytic performance of the composites is possibly limited under NIR light

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• composite. (c) Optical photo of Li2S6 adsorption on MoO2–CNFs and (d) UV–vis absorption spectra of the Li2S6 solution before and after the addition of MoO2–CNFs. (a) The CV curves of cells assembled with S/MoO2–CNF cathodes and pure sulfur cathodes. (b) Cycling performance of MoO2–CNFs calcined at different

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• spectroscopy (XPS), using a K-Alpha XPS spectrometer (Scientific Escalab 250) with an Al Kα X-ray radiation (1486.6 eV) source for excitation. UV–vis absorption spectra of the samples were recorded on a Perkin Elmer Lambda 950 spectrophotometer. FT-IR was conducted at room temperature on a Nicolet 670

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• experimental data. The Supporting Information contains details of the AgSCN characterization, Nyquist plots, EDS spectrum of different Ag/AgSCN samples, and UV–vis absorption spectra of oxytetracycline solutions with M2 as a catalyst. Acknowledgements This work is supported by the National Natural Science

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• ) was used and the areas of each component were modified according to classical Scofield sensitivity factors. All the optical measurements were performed at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C) under ambient conditions. The absorption spectra of liquid samples were recorded on a Thermo Scientific Evolution 220

• , Raman analysis indicates that CdSe NRs are well-associated to TiO2 particles. The UV–visible absorption spectra of TiO2 and CdSe/TiO2 composites are shown in Figure 4a. The bandgap energies of TiO2, CdSe and CdSe/TiO2 composites were determined by plotting [F(R)hν]2 vs photon energy and extrapolating

• discolored during photocatalytic experiments (Figure 6c) and the dye was also partially decomposed (the TOC value decreased from 6.9 ± 0.3 to 2.4 ± 0.2 mg/L after the 150 min of irradiation). The temporal evolution of the UV–vis absorption spectra is displayed in Figure 6b. The intensity of the RhB

Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of difurylethene-based photochromic single-molecule junctions

• Youngsang Kim,
• Safa G. Bahoosh,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Fabian Pauly and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2606–2614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.261

• in a change of the molecular orbitals. As can be seen in Figure 1b, we measured the absorption spectra of C5F-ThM molecules, while illuminating with UV light (313 nm) for different illumination times. The absorption band of the closed form extends to a higher wavelength (around 550 nm) than those of

• switch states under the illumination with UV and visible light. Shown at the bottom is a scanning electron microscopy image of a MCBJ device. (b) Variation of UV–visible absorption spectra under UV light irradiation (wavelength of 313 nm with an intensity of ca. 0.15 mW/cm−2) as a function of

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• Absorption spectra were investigated via a UV–vis spectrometer (Varian Cary 50, Varian, Inc.), and the PL spectra were acquired by a Varian Cary Eclipse (Varian, Inc.) spectrophotometer. The quantum yield (QY) of CsPbX3 was obtained by comparing the integrated PL intensity of QDs with a standard sample of

Comprehensive investigation of the electronic excitation of W(CO)₆ by photoabsorption and theoretical analysis in the energy region from 3.9 to 10.8 eV

• Mónica Mendes,
• Khrystyna Regeta,
• Filipe Ferreira da Silva,
• Nykola C. Jones,
• Søren Vrønning Hoffmann,
• Gustavo García,
• Chantal Daniel and
• Paulo Limão-Vieira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2208–2218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.220

• calculations has allowed the reassessment and reassignment of some states, particularly those previously explored below 8 eV. However, despite a reasonable agreement between the TDDFT and VUV absorption spectra we should be aware that the description of double excited states or diffuse Rydberg states is not