Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• , 99.99%), potassium chloride (KCl, 99%), acetonitrile (ACN, CH3CN, 99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH3)2SO, 99.5%), ethanol (EtOH, CH3CH2OH, 99.8%), guanidinium thiocyanate (NH2C(=NH)NH2·HSCN, 99%), iodine (I2, 99.8%), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (C7H13IN2, 98%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (C9H13N, 98

• photoanodes, the cleaned FTO electrodes were first pretreated by immersion in a 40 mM TiCl4 solution at 70 °C for 30 min and rinsed with distilled water and ethanol. The treated FTO electrodes were then successively coated with a transparent 18NR-T titania paste (three layers) and an active opaque 18NR-AO

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• some components [24]. The ethanol extract of PRP has several pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic, cytostatic, hypotensive, and immunostimulatory properties [25]. Glycolic extracts can be an alternative in situations where the use of

• alcoholic extracts is inappropriate. Propylene glycol can be used as solvent, extractant, and preservative in a variety of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food formulations. It is compatible with several cosmetic and pharmaceutical bases, in addition to having an antiseptic capacity similar to that of ethanol

• from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained from Neon (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ethanol 96° GL was purchased from Labsynth (Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil). SylgardTM 184 silicone elastomers kit (polydimethylsiloxane; PDMS) was purchased from Dow (Midland

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• high amounts of ethanol that can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug molecules. They are also highly deformable and reach deep skin layers [18][19]. ETHs are similar to the lipid bilayer composition of cells in the epidermis, due to the presence of phospholipids in their structure, and thus

• their interaction with skin cells is high. They are unique systems that can be easily shaped by the presence of ethanol in their structures, and their vesicle membranes become very flexible such that they can be transported through pores much smaller than their own diameters [20][21]. In addition, the

• synergistic effect of phospholipids and ethanol enables the ETHs and drug molecules to reach the deeper layers of the skin [19][22][23]. The skin penetration mechanism of drug-loaded ETHs is explained by both the ETH effect and the ethanol effect. While ethanol increases drug penetration by increasing the

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• substrate was cleaned in a UV/ozone cleaner (UVOH 150 LAB FHR) for 3 min, rinsed with ethanol, and then blown dry under a nitrogen stream. The substrates were immersed into a ≈1 mM solution of TPT in dry and degassed dimethylformamide. The solution was then heated at 70 °C in a sealed flask under a nitrogen

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• File 1, Figure S1) and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2⋅6H2O) or lead acetate hydrate (Pb(OAc)3·H2O), respectively, under solvothermal reaction conditions, employing mixtures of water and ethanol as solvent. In the case of [Mg (H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O, sodium hydroxide was used as an additive [13

• mL H2O) was added to a mixture of the linker molecule (564 mg, 1.5 mmol), 1.5 mL of an aqueous solution of NaOH (c = 2 mol/L), 6.5 mL water, and 10 mL ethanol in a 30 mL Teflon insert, which was placed into a steel autoclave. For [Pb2(HL)]·H2O, Pb(OAc)3 (0.5 mmol, 189 mg in 2 mL H2O) was added to a

• mixture of the linker molecule (188 mg, 0.5 mmol), 8 mL water and 10 mL ethanol in a 30 mL Teflon insert, which was placed into a steel autoclave. Both reactors were closed and heated within 6 h to the reaction temperature of 150 °C. After 24 h, the reactors were slowly cooled down to room temperature

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• obtained in the laboratory. CuO layer synthesis on copper wires A smooth film coating of copper oxide was obtained by annealing the copper wire in an oxygen atmosphere. Before annealing, the copper wire was washed several times with water and ethanol to clean the surface of possible contamination. The wire

• obtained by a one-step chemical hydrothermal oxidation. For this, copper wire was rinsed with water and ethanol in order to clean the surface of possible contamination. To prepare the working solution, 10 mL of a 10 M NaOH solution, 5 mL of a 1 M (NH4)2S2O8 solution and 26 mL of H2O were combined. The wire

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• stored. Thus, it is necessary to know how sample treatment methods may affect the properties of cuticle. A recent study by Aberle et al. [9] tried to address this question by testing cuticle specimens that were stored using standard procedures, including maintaining samples in water, ethanol, and

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• effect glycine may have on the disk to rod transition. Lee et al. investigated the coagulation of TMV virions in alcohol–water–LiCl solutions [33]. They concluded that ethanol increases hydrophobic interactions between virions, and LiCl screens electrostatic repulsion, leading to significant aggregation

• highlights a simple method to control the self-assembly of virus-like particles without any permanent modifications to the protein structure. Results and Discussion TMV-cp was assembled by dialysis from pH 8.5 to lower pH in the presence of different concentrations of ethanol. Samples were characterized by

• mixture of disks and short stacked disks in TEM (Figure 2). DLS showed primarily disks, with a small population of larger particles, which is likely due to dust or aggregation. In addition to disks and stacked disks, long helical rods were observed at pH 5.5 without alcohol present. At pH 5.5, ethanol

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• as poorly defined physical properties and/or stability in the bloodstream [14]. Desolvation methods have been used to prepare various therapeutic protein nanoparticles [15][16][17]. The desolvation process requires the addition of desolvating agents, such as ethanol or acetone, to induce changes in

• Discussion Single-protein SPNPs A range of SPNP formulations were prepared via EHD jetting from hemoglobin (HEM), transferrin (TF), mucin (MUC), insulin (INS), and human serum albumin (HSA) (Figure 1a). Generally, dilute solutions of a protein at 10% (w/v) in a 9:1 (v/v) mixture of water and ethanol were

• used for all jetting experiments. This inclusion of ethanol decreased the dielectric constant and surface tension of the solution. The exception was insulin- and mucin-based SPNPs, which were manufactured as described in the Materials section. Furthermore, a homobifunctional amine-reactive macromer

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• (DeTAB, 99%) and 1,2-hexadecanediol (97%) were purchased from TCI Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai). Chloroform (99%), ethylene glycol (96%), and ethanol (99.7%) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works. Nitrogen gas was purchased from Juyang Gas (Changchun). Hela cells were purchased

• . Thereafter, the abovementioned mixture was heated to and kept at 290 °C for 1 h under reflux. After the solution was cooled down to room temperature, 50 mL of ethanol was added into the flask that was left on a strong magnet for 6 h to collect the products. Finally, the products were washed three times with

• ethanol and dispersed in chloroform at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for later use. Synthesis of clustered Fe3O4 nanoparticles Step 1: PVP (0.58 g, molecular weight 58,000) was dissolved in 5 mL ethylene glycol under magnetic stirring. Step 2: DTAB or TTAB or DeTAB (0.02 g) were dissolved in 1 mL pure water

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• effect of the precursor (OsCl3 or H2OsCl6), precursor concentration (up to 100 mM), solvent (methanol or ethanol), presence or absence of a base (NaOH), and addition of water (0 to 100 vol %) on the resulting nanomaterials is discussed. It is found that no base is required to obtain Os nanoparticles as

• influence of the precursors: OsCl3 and H2OsCl6, the nature of the solvent/reducing agent: methanol and ethanol, the absence or presence of a base (NaOH), and the effect of adding water at: 0, 10, 25, 50, 66, 75 or 100 vol %. Table S1, Supporting Information File 1, gives an overview of the different

• using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis as presented in Figure S22 and Table S2, Supporting Information File 1. However, our experiment showed that either methanol or ethanol is needed for the reaction to proceed playing the role of reducing agents, as no product is formed when the synthesis

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• were treated with MPTP solution (1 mM in ethanol) over 24 h at RT. The Ru(TP)2 wire growth was performed by (repeatedly) incubating the samples in Ru-PF6 dissolved in ethanol (1 mM) over 5 min and subsequently in BTP solution (1 mM in chloroform) over 20 min at 60 °C. After each step, the samples were

• rinsed three times in either ethanol or chloroform. Nanodevice fabrication The fabrication of nanoelectrode samples, each equipped with twelve nanoelectrode pairs (consisting of an AuPd and a Pt electrode with a nanometer-sized gap in between), was performed according to a recently described process

• with the C 1s and Ru 3d5/2 spectra, while the O 1s peak for growth steps (i) and (iii) points to the sporadic adsorption of ethanol to the terminal TP groups [29][30]. Thus, the XP spectra prove, in addition to earlier published results based on other spectroscopic methods, that the desired wire growth

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• . The structure has a close-packed crystal lattice, the nodal points of which contain spherical submicrometer particles of polystyrene with a hydrodynamic diameter of 239.5 nm (polydispersity index 0.101), determined by the DLS method. The CCA has been obtained by self-organization from a water–ethanol

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• ethanol for 48 h on a roller bench with 175 rpm. After drying in ambient air at 70 °C the powder mixture was pressed with an uniaxial press in disc-shaped membranes with d = 20 mm. The discs were sintered with a heating rate of 5 K/min to 1200 °C and a dwell time of 5 h. At the sintering temperature, the

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• (low-melting and normal) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific and Hydra Gene Co., Ltd, respectively. Ethanol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA, 99%), trypan blue, fetal bovine serum (FBS, sterile filtered), orange G, sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99%), and dibutylphthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX, research

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• ethanol and dried at 50 °C. Plasmonic nanostructures were prepared by thermal dewetting of gold thin films. Thin Au films with a thickness of 2.8 nm were deposited using a tabletop DC magnetron sputtering coater (EM SCD 500, Leica) in pure Ar plasma (argon, Air Products, 99.999%) at a pressure of 0.2 Pa

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• performed by Kante et al. were in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. For CO, the response was observed to be about 2.5 at 250 °C with a response time of 70 s and a recovery time of 30 s. When exposed to ethanol vapor, the resulting film exhibited a higher sensitivity (400% at 227 °C) towards ethanol with

• spherical and labyrinth structures exhibited low sensitivity to ethanol and acetone vapors, while a sensitivity greater than 20 it was observed in case of percolation network nanostructures. Thus, the network and pore connectivity of fractal nanostructures becomes crucial for a better gas sensing response

• concentrations of ethanol. The SnO2 with NDs showed enhanced ethanol sensing in comparison to SnO2 NWs without NDs, which was attributed to a higher surface-to-volume ratio, more grain boundaries, and the presence of junction barriers at the ND–NW interfaces. The estimated D for the SnO2 nanodendrites was 1.88

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• and can be distinguished in aqueous and organic solvent routes [57]. The so-called Weimarn sols are produced by dissolution of sulfur powder in ethanol or acetone-based solutions and the subsequent precipitation of sub-micrometer-size particles in water [57]. The so-called Raffo sols are obtained by a

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• ), tert-dodecylmercaptan (tert-DDT), 1-octadecene (ODE) and ethanol were purchased from Aldrich. Toluene was bought from VWR. Synthesis of CuNiCoS4 nanocrystals CuNiCoS4 nanocrystals were synthesized according to the protocol described in [8]. That is, equal and stoichiometric amounts (0.125 mmol) of

• stirred for 30 min at this temperature. At the end of synthesis time, the three-neck flask was removed from the heating mantle, and the solution was allowed to cool down to 80 °C. Finally, CuNiCoS4 nanocrystals were precipitated via centrifugation by adding 35 mL toluene and 5 mL ethanol. Fabrication of

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• monitor the STM-induced nucleation, growth, and ripening of self-assembled monolayers in a more controlled fashion. Söngen et al. [77] provide insight into the interaction of organic molecules with bulk insulators by discussing the adsorption of ethanol on both calcite and magnesite using three

• first ethanol layer arranges in a laterally ordered way due to ionic interactions, where ethanol adopts well-defined adsorption positions on the carbonate surface. In contrast, the following layers lack this order as they reside on ethanol layers. Hence, they experience a physical decoupling due to the

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• chemically compatible with LDPE, a non-polar polymer matrix. This coating was performed suspending the to-be-coated sample in 10 mL of ethanol/dodecanethiol mixture (200:1, v/v) for 24 h, followed by filtering, washing with ethanol, and drying at 60 °C for 2 h. The coated sample was labelled Ag/HNT-8/DIO

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• generates electrical impulses when exposed to gas flow or pressure [91]. The material of the electronic skin can react with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air, such as ethanol, as shown in Figure 2h. In addition to detecting whether the air contains VOCs, the output open-circuit voltage of the

• stronger regulating effect on the piezoelectric filtration of free carriers. A ZnO-based self-powered gas sensor (SPGS) can be used to detect H2S, NH3 [96][97], ethanol [91][98][99][100], CO2 [101][102] and other gases [103][104][105]. A ZnSnO3/ZnO NW-based PENG was used to detect liquefied petroleum gas

• (LPG) with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability [21]. The sensitivity of ZnSnO3/ZnO (1 h) NWs in 4000 ppm H2S, H2, ethanol, methanol, LPG, and saturated water vapor was measured. The sensitivity of ZnSnO3/ZnO NW for LPG is much higher than for other gases, as shown in Figure 5g

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• ethanol, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All of them were of analytical grade and were used as purchased without any purification. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used as a solvent in the reactions. Preparation of silver nanowires For synthesizing silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high aspect ratio and controlled

• HEC with AgNWs [33]. First, a 1.0 wt % solution of HEC was prepared in 100 mL of DI water while stirring at room temperature. Then, 15 mL of HEC solution was mixed with 20 mL of AgNW solution in ethanol in a separate glass vial under constant stirring. This was followed by mixing another 15 mL of HEC

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• substrates treated with methanol, ethanol, or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were comparable and showed overall good stability and did not show severe morphological changes or a strong decrease in their Raman activity. Toluene treatment resulted in a strong decrease in the Raman activity whereas dimethyl

• analytes, as demonstrated by the detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) down to a concentration of 0.25 nM by utilizing microwave-coated glass capillaries [25]. While this approach relies on ethanol as reducing agent and applies no protecting agents, other protocols employ suitable surfactants and

• salt to metallic silver by microwave irradiation in the presence of ethanol utilized as reducing agent (Figure 1a). In practice, the functionalization of the substrates requires only the placement of the cleaned glass supports into a microwave vial containing an aqueous silver acetate precursor co