From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• (SEI) formation [61]. Kang et al. showed that it also leads to an improved stability of carbon at the cathode [71]. 2.3.1.4 Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) studies: The electrolyte decomposition is a major drawback that made DEMS studies inevitable in Li/O2 cell research. Today

• reactions. Therefore, DEMS or online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) was introduced into the Li/O2 battery field and is now one of the most important, but seldom employed, diagnostic tools of current research [46][72][73][74][75][76][77]. Figure 5 shows the potential of DEMS analysis when comparing

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• investigated the morphology evolution of Cu1.8S as a function of the hydrothermal process time. Burford et al. reported that the functional groups in biomolecules, e.g., –NH2, –COOH, and –S–, are strongly inclined to interact with inorganic cations based on a mass spectrometry study [13]. This indicates that

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-/2D-PAGE) [28][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. Recently, Tenzer et al. [8][99] introduced an intriguing combination of 1D-/2D-PAGE and immune-blotting with sophisticated label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and demonstrated the unique abilities of

• signatures, as identified by quantitative mass spectrometry, by their calculated isoelectric point (Figure 5). At the physiological pH of blood plasma (pH 7.3), preferential binding of negatively charged proteins (pI < 7) onto the SiNP surfaces was reported. The protein size also played a significant role

• time-resolved determination of NP-specific fingerprints. This method, based on label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), allows for an insight into the time-evolution of the full serum protein corona. Such information, especially for short exposure times, is urgently needed to

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• was incorporated inside the SiO2 spheres. The concentration of the NPs and the number of the Gd3+ ions present in the silanized NPs were determined by absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The size of the NPs was found to be 8–15 nm. The MRI experiments

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• similar to those of α-Syn. The theoretical molecular mass of α-SynC141 (14.46 kDa) was confirmed by mass spectrometry. However, a band corresponding to about 18 kDa was observed in SDS-PAGE (Figure 1). Assuming that a very acidic C-terminus of α-Syn weakly interacts with SDS, the electrophoretic migration

• , was used for control assays. Protein purity was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry verified the presence of the cysteine residue in the C terminal. α-SynC141 and α-Syn fibril formation Lyophilized proteins were dissolved in the buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.5 to a final

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• , resulting in a loss of fluorescence. This would otherwise confirm the 65Zn results, however, this was in contrast to Yank et al. who followed commercial PEG 5000-coated CdTe/ZnS Qdots by tracing their fluorescence in mice for 28 d and measured 111Cd by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• (DBU) as a basic catalyst. The target compound was isolated in 58% yield as a dark-green powder after purification. 1-Pc was successfully characterized by 1H NMR and MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry (see Experimental section). XPS characterization of Si-bonded phthalocyanine Covalent anchoring of 1-Pc on

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we recovered the europium in concentrations well comparable to the respective fluorescence signals. However, in none of the vascular and lymphatic samples, which we analyzed by ICP-MS, any europium above detection limit was found, not even in the few lymphatic

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• product was well soluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform and dichloromethane. Evidence for a successful CNO functionalization was derived from 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. TEM suggested that the individual CNOs had diameters between 60 and 300

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• treatments, but also in a high degree of purity of the recovered proteins, which can be further analysed by mass spectrometry [86]. Graphene: Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) have been investigated as new biocompatible material by virtue of their unique properties, making them

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• scattering, MALLS), dynamic light scattering [48][49], or mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS) [50] can be applied. Silica and poly(organosiloxane) nanoparticles Although both silica and poly(organosiloxane) (POS) nanoparticles are based on silicon dioxide (SiO2) as

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• occurs. It has potential applications in astrophysics, space devices and mass spectrometry of large molecules [10]. Sputtering occurs due to the energy transfer to the atoms in the target by incident ions through nuclear collision cascades (nuclear sputtering) produced in the target as well as electronic

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• intermetallic compounds; secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS); solid state reaction; Introduction Solid-state reactions in nanostructured thin film systems are interesting and challenging not only from the point of view of pure fundamental research, but are also important for technological applications

In vitro interaction of colloidal nanoparticles with mammalian cells: What have we learned thus far?

• Moritz Nazarenus,
• Qian Zhang,
• Mahmoud G. Soliman,
• Pablo del Pino,
• Beatriz Pelaz,
• Susana Carregal-Romero,
• Joanna Rejman,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Reinhard Zellner,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus,
• James B. Delehanty,
• Igor L. Medintz and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1477–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.161

• incubation [143]. Mass spectrometry is an invaluable tool for quantifying the amounts of different adsorbed protein species [140][141]. The dynamic exchange of proteins, induced by their different adsorption kinetics and affinities to the NP surface is reflected in the discrimination between "soft" and "hard

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) were used to further investigate the magnetic precipitates obtained after the hydrogen evolution reaction. XPS spectra of the precipitates with or without G-SO3 showed the same peak pattern and location in the range from 776 to 810 eV

Molecular biology approaches in bioadhesion research

• Marcelo Rodrigues,
• Birgit Lengerer,
• Thomas Ostermann and
• Peter Ladurner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 983–993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.112

• start, because it uses Ruby’s built in webserver Webrick (http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0/libdoc/webrick/rdoc/WEBrick.html). Finally, any query sequence such as known adhesion-related transcripts of other organisms, mass spectrometry peptide sequences or candidate transcripts originated from a

• validate the expression of an adhesion-related candidate transcript list that resulted from previous mass spectrometry or differential gene expression experiments. For high-throughput approaches, in situ robots such as “InsituPro VSi” from Invatis AG are available. For medium scale ISH screenings, a manual

• in most organisms and might be a useful tool to study gene function in diverse organisms. Conclusion The identification of adhesion-related genes and proteins is a challenging task. Certain organisms allow the collection of the glue and direct analyses by mass spectrometry or biochemistry. Small

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• hydrogen in the methanol adsorbate on an emersed polycrystalline Pt electrode was suggested from electrochemical thermal desorption mass spectrometry (ECTDMS) measurements based on the detection of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and traces of carbon dioxide during thermal desorption [44]. In a series of recent

Shape-selected nanocrystals for in situ spectro-electrochemistry studies on structurally well defined surfaces under controlled electrolyte transport: A combined in situ ATR-FTIR/online DEMS investigation of CO electrooxidation on Pt

• Sylvain Brimaud,
• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 735–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.86

• spectroscopy of adsorbed reaction intermediates and side products in an attenuated total reflection configuration (ATR-FTIRS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) measurements of volatile reaction products. Batches of shape-selected Pt nanocrystals with different shapes and hence different

• flat side of an IR-transparent reflecting element, as had been demonstrated, e.g., for Pt [12][16][17] or Au [18][19] films. We had later shown that in this geometry the reaction cell can be coupled in addition with a DEMS (differential electrochemical mass spectrometry) setup, allowing electrochemical

• . Finally, the difference in anion re-adsorption for the three different samples illustrates also the structure sensitivity of this process. Conclusion Employing in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in a combined ATR-FTIR/DEMS flow cell set-up, we could demonstrate that shape-selected and

Chemi- vs physisorption in the radical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under microwaves

• Victor Mamane,
• Guillaume Mercier,
• Junidah Abdul Shukor,
• Jérôme Gleize,
• Aziz Azizan,
• Yves Fort and
• Brigitte Vigolo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.63

• (chemical formula) of the adsorbed/grafted functional groups was determined. According to thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy, the optimal functionalization level was reached after 5 min of reaction. Prolonged reaction times can lead to undesired reactions such

• microwave-assisted diazonium chemistry [31][32], chlorophenyl groups were grafted at the CNT surface and the functionalization level was followed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA–MS) (Scheme 1). The present work highlights the importance of controlling the reaction times

• means of mass spectrometry data (see Figure 4). As expected, the raw SWNTs bear very few surface groups and thus progressively lost 2.2 wt % during heating under helium. Table 1 recalls the weight losses corresponding to i) the low temperature range (below 200 °C) assigned to the departure of the groups

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• under visible light and ambient conditions after equilibration, and the activity cannot be accounted to the presence of CeO2 or adsorption alone. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) were used to identify some of the organic products during

3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid

• Loïc Assaud,
• Evans Monyoncho,
• Kristina Pitzschel,
• Anis Allagui,
• Matthieu Petit,
• Margrit Hanbücken,
• Elena A. Baranova and
• Lionel Santinacci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.16

• quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) [35]. Since the precursors used for this deposition are close to those employed in the present study, the Martinson mechanism may be adapted to the deposition of NiO using NiCp2 and O3. Therefore, the S1 period could be ascribed to the adsorption of NiCp2 on the whole

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Harald O. Jeschke and
• Roser Valentí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.89

• ., amorphous tungsten oxycarbides with varying carbon and oxygen contents. W(CO)6 belongs to the class of organometallic compounds that are well established for the EBID process [14][15][16]. It has been studied in detail by mass spectrometry [17][18][19] and photoelectron or photoionization spectroscopy [20

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• growth of the SURMOF is observed. In the latter case the roughness of the HKUST-1 is found to be significantly higher than for the 1-mercaptopropionic acid. The successful grafting process was verified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and atomic force microscopy. The SURMOF structures

• . In addition to the AFM investigations, which provided information about topography and material contrast of the grafted sample, a chemical characterization was carried out by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For that purpose a sample with grafted rectangular structures of 10

• pixel FPA detector sensitive to a range of 900–3800 cm−1 was used. 4096 spectra were aquired in one measurement over a field of view of 32 × 32 µm, 4 × 64 scans were collected over an area of 64 × 64 µm with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. ToF-SIMS Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• nanoglass, the formation of such a by-product did not occur. His conclusion was suggested by the fact that the by-products were not detected at all by gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry. Moreover, the oxidation process seems to have occurred exclusively at the surface of the Au52Ag5Pd2Cu25Si10Al6