Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• ] complexes. Keywords: metal nanoparticles; osmium; pair distribution function; surfactant-free synthesis; Findings Precious metals are limited resources, yet fundamental for a range of applications, such as in medicine or catalysis [1][2][3]. There are relatively few reports on osmium (Os) compared to

• other precious metals [4][5], see Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1, partly due to Os scarcity and because a highly toxic OsO4 compound can be easily formed. However, Os and Os-based complexes and nanomaterials have been reported [6][7][8][9] and studied for their catalytic, optical, and

• extent of features in the PDFs, it can be concluded that the NPs are all smaller than 2 nm with an average crystallite size between 1 and 2 nm, which is in agreement with TEM and SAXS characterisation. On the nanoscale, metallic NPs can have different structures than those of bulk metals, and icosahedral

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• copper, graphene, silver, silver and nitrogen, sulfur and cadmium sulfide, or transition metals was found to be effective for bringing the excitation wavelength near to the biological window (650 ≤ λ ≤ 950 nm and 1000 ≤ λ ≤ 1350 nm) by providing secondary energy levels close to TiO2 conduction band

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• these are commercially available, have comparatively high vapor pressure and are fairly stable and easy to handle. Correspondingly metal carbonyl complexes, including the mononuclear Ni(CO)4, Cr(CO)6, Fe(CO)5, W(CO)6 and Mo(CO)6, have been used as precursors to deposit metals on surfaces through FEBID

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• electrospinning [17]. Similarly, a wide range of ENH membranes are being used to remove particles, heavy metals, other metal cations, organic chemicals, dyes, and microorganisms from water and will be discussed in detail in this review article. Water is one of the most critical natural resources and is non

• heavy metals, cations, oils, dyes, and other organic and inorganic chemicals. In recent years, electrospun nanohybrid membranes have been developed and modified for the removal of these pollutants from synthetic/waste water. Heavy metals and other metal cations, such as Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, As3

• +/5+, and radioactive metals, such as Th4+, U6+, are being released to environmental water with the growing industrialization and through agricultural run-offs. Bioaccumulation of these metals causes serious harm to biodiversity and has also become a severe health issue [58]. To remove these heavy

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• photocatalysts and a cost-effective, environmentally benign way through heat treatment in different atmospheres [39]. Combining noble metals with SnO2, such as in Au/SnO2 [78] or Pd/SnO2 [79], is an advanced approach yielding an effective performance for gas sensing. However, There is only one report by Bui et

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• [5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The effect of graphene coatings and their ability to protect against wear depend on the substrate underneath. So far, they have been studied almost exclusively on metals [20][21]. The tribological properties of polymers coated with graphene have barely

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• (Figure 1). In 1974, Yatsuya et al. used a liquid as a substrate during a physical vapor deposition (PVD) experiment. They thermally evaporated metals in vacuum onto silicon oil for NP production [9]. After the pioneering experiments of Yatsuya et al., depositions onto liquids were not mentioned in

• various metals onto low vapor pressure liquid substrates [13][14]. Careful analysis of the literature data has shown that about 132 research papers were published on the SoL topic since 1996 (Figure 1). It should be noted that, since the SoL field of research still does not have a well-established

• properties to fit the targeted application in fields such as mechanics, optics, electronics, and biomaterials. Various types of coatings can be produced, from pure metals to metal oxides, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides to metal alloys, or chemically more complex combinations such as high-entropy alloys [24

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• superconducting Re(0001) [16] and Ta(100)-O surfaces [37]. Despite being well established on many noble metals, the use of CO-terminated tips also remains quite scarce in the literature [38], which severely limits the use of AFM as imaging tool on superconductors. Recently, Heinrich et al. have demonstrated the

• minute. This leads to a surface coverage of about 0.1–0.3 monolayers, as we readily observed on noble metals such as Cu, Ag or Au [45][46]. Iron adatoms were evaporated in the microscope head on the substrate at a temperature below 15 K. NaCl was evaporated from a quartz crucible on samples kept at room

• metal surface, as observed on different noble metals [45][46]. Figure 1b and Figure 1c show STM topographic images after such process. While the surface topography remains unchanged in comparison to Figure 1a, numerous scan instabilities are now present, which we attribute to CO molecules diffusing

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• reasonable choice for DMS alloys with chromium for the best compatibility with silicon-based industry. However, precipitation of transition metals is the main obstacle; but in low-dimensional semiconductors the precipitation is significantly reduced. Therefore, CrGe nanowires (NWs) were prepared to study

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• coercivity (883 Oe) and saturation magnetization values (56 emu/g) in comparison to other ferrites due to a high anisotropy. Also, during cationic distribution, Co+2 cations incorporate into Fe–O, whereas the cationic distribution of other divalent metals (e.g., Ni+2 or Zn+2) leads to a decrease in magnetic

• programmed cell death [39]. However, the chemical composition of NPs plays an important role in determining cytotoxic behavior. For example, NPs with cores made up with toxic metals (e.g., Cd and Ag) cause cytotoxicity. Conversely, metals such as Fe and Zn are biocompatible and cause toxicity at higher doses

• family, responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics and hydrophobic drugs, namely methotrexate, vinca alkaloids, anthracyclines, antiandrogens, and heavy metals. Both multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and MRP1 proteins are majorly responsible for lowering the therapeutic outcomes of chemotherapy [64

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• three main groups: electroplating, electroless plating, and bottom-up methods such as vapour deposition. Another way to introduce metals to a carbon fibre system in form of nanoparticles was reported by groups who prepared cobalt/cobalt oxide-decorated carbon nanofibres from electrospinning by adding a

• additives and those with metal additives can be hardly compared, because of the marked difference in the carbon XPS signal composition. However, even samples without metals have been reported to be converted to graphitic carbon when carbonised at temperatures above 1100 °C [12]. Nitrogen-type distribution

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• biomaterials; intermolecular interactions; self-assembly; Review Introduction Biomaterials play a crucial role in the treatment of diseases and health care and have been widely used in prostheses and drug delivery devices [1]. Clinical applications of biomaterials include the use of metals, ceramics, and

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• structures including metals [1], semiconductors [2][3][4], dielectrics [5][6][7], photovoltaics [8][9][10], polymers [11][12][13], ferroelectrics [14][15][16], and biological samples [17][18][19]. Technical descriptions and applications of KPFM methods for nanoscale material property characterizations are

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• efficiency. Despite the high work function of Al (4.31 eV), it is among the most suitable cathode materials due to its high stability in ambient conditions. Alkali and alkali-rare earth metals have lower work function (2.8–3.7 eV) but are unstable in ambient conditions. There are a few examples where

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• feature sizes are fabricated using the tools of the microelectronics industry from metals, silicon, and polymers. Various types of subtractive and additive manufacturing processes have been used to manufacture microneedles, but the development of microneedle-based systems using conventional subtractive

• and sizes for a wide range of applications. Metals such as titanium [61][62], stainless steel [58][63][64], silicon [65][66][67], ceramics [68][69], biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) [70], PLGA [71], and polyglycolic acid (PGA) [72], and non-degradable polymers such as

• (COP) material using this method [5]. Fabrication and use of metal microneedles In addition to silicon and polymers, microneedles are also fabricated from metals including nickel, titanium, stainless steel, and palladium. Metals provide good mechanical properties and biocompatibility for microneedle

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• available anode and cathode materials are sought. Table 1 lists some abundant metals as anode materials with high capacity and reduction potential values that are explored in metal-ion batteries [7][8][9]. Besides sodium as alternative anode material, also sulfur as abundant cathode material has emerged due

• interactions, and the free space for volume expansion that is provided by the HSMC matrix. In addition to sequestering polysulfides, transition metals may also act as electrocatalysts in the reduction reaction of long-chain sodium polysulfides into short-chain sodium polysulfides or sodium sulfide

• certain metals, semimetals, phosphorous, and carbon allotropes. Dispersed Na anodes In strict terms this approach is not Na metal-free as it relies on finely dispersed metallic Na. But the small dimensions of the Na phase result in battery behavior distinct from macroscopic metal Na foil anodes. There are

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• surface. Segment 3 – copper At this step, a key quality parameter is the percentage of pores filled by the metals completely from the bottom to the top of the AAO template. Only nanowires in this type of pores can take part in an electrochemical reaction during the operation of the NEAs because only these

• deposited by magnetron sputtering onto the bottom side of the AAO template. Electrodeposition of metals into channels of the AAO template was performed in a three-electrode cell with an electrodeposition area of 0.2 cm2 and a volume of 50 mL at room temperature in a potentiostatic mode. A platinum ring

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• these ultrathin interfacial layers significantly reduce both the molecular adsorption energy and the hybridization of molecular states with the electronic bands in metals and semiconductors. However, charge transport is not completely inhibited, and electrons can still tunnel from the metal through

• space. Molecular adsorption and self-assembly are significantly altered compared to metals due to an often weak interaction between organics and bulk insulators. In contrast to face-on adsorption on metals, a tilted and edge-on adsorption becomes possible for planar aromatic molecules on bulk insulators

• , or metals [83]. Rothe et al. [84] demonstrated that semimetallic graphene is an appropriate buffer layer for the physical and chemical decoupling of rubrene from Pt(111). The strong molecule–surface interaction on Pt(111) is expressed by hit-and-stick adsorption due to a substantial diffusion barrier

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• utilizing safe nanomaterials for advanced biomedical and clinical applications. Keywords: anisotropic nanoparticles; carrageenan; cytotoxicity; eutectic solvents; surfactants; Review Introduction Plasmonic metals such as gold and silver, upon achieving nanoscale dimensions, exhibit unusual physicochemical

• coating methods. There are contrasting results of toxicity based on various parameters conducted either in vitro or in vivo [48][49][50][51][52][53]. Gold is one of the most promising inert metals for synthesizing nanoparticles and is ideal for biomedical research. The safety and risk assessment of these

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• properties in various fields, such as supercapacitors, integrated electrodes, catalysis, and sensors [10][11][12][13]. Furthermore, the interaction between graphene and matrix materials directly affects the mechanical properties of composites [14]. The van der Waals force between graphene and metals can

• in Figure 5b,d, that is, perfect, Shockley, Hirth, stair-rod, and Frank dislocations with corresponding Burgers vectors of 1/2<110>, 1/6<112>, 1/3<100>, 1/6<110>, and 1/3<111>, respectively. For face-centered metals, the Shockley partial dislocations are important since they are associated with

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• ). Nayak [39] used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to adsorb heavy metals in water for water purification. MOFs have a very high specific surface area and modular structure, showing great advantages in the sustainable supply of clean drinking water. Later, Yu et al. [40] reported a method to disassemble

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• interaction between metals and the MoS2 monolayer is of great importance when selecting systems for specific applications. In previous studies the focus has been largely on the strength of the interaction between a single atom or a nanoparticle of a range of metals, which has created a significant knowledge

• stability of metal clusters on MoS2, and how these interactions change in the presence of a sulfur vacancy, to develop insight to allow for a prediction of thin film morphology. The strength of interaction between the metals and MoS2 is in the order Co > Ru. The competition between metal–substrate and metal

• or doping with transition metals [4][5][18][19][20][21][22], alkali and alkali earth metals [23][24][25], and non-metals [25] on MoS2 and other 2D materials. While experimental studies can be used to probe the performance of the 2D material in a device or some of the interfacial interactions between

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• between anode and cathode); e is the electron charge. The direction of the force Fel is defined by the effective valence Z, which is negative for most metals. Thus, the adsorbed atoms move in the opposite direction to the electric field. In the general case if the electric field is applied across the

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• owing to their many physiological roles and evidences for thiol-containing proteins as major targets for toxic effects of ionic Ag [25]. In the presence of biothiols the soluble complexes are formed. Thiols possess a high affinity for soft Lewis acid metals and may easily coordinate Ag+ [9][26][27]. The

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• ][18][19]. Many protocols for etching solutions are known. Depending on the requirements (e.g., etched compound – oxide or semiconductor, etching profiles, etching rate, ability to remove contaminants – heavy metals, and crystallographic orientation of the substrate) one can use a suitable solution [20