Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• clusters of molecules can be discerned on the terrace without evidence for island formation or decoration of substrate step edges. These observations are indicative of an effectively reduced surface diffusion after adsorption, which lowers the mobility of adsorbed molecules and, thus, the formation of

• (inset to Figure 4a). These topographic data univocally hint at an enhanced C42H28 mobility after adsorption compared to the situation on Pt(111) (vide supra). The STM data presented in Figure 4a reveal an additional periodic modulation of the apparent height along the discommensuration lines, which will

• (111) consistently show the progressive reduction of the molecule–substrate interaction. The hit-and-stick adsorption of C42H28 on Pt(111) indicates a strong suppression of the C42H28 mobility after adsorption. Molecular orbitals leave weak and broad signatures in dI/dV spectra. Using the same

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• among experimental and theoretical researchers. Electrical properties such as a charge mobility in the range of 105 cm2·V−1·s−1, a minimum conductivity at the Dirac point of 4e2/πh (at low temperature), and remarkable optical properties such as linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons make broadband

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• authors want to thank the FARB project of the Dept. of Energy, Politecnico di Milano and IFMAN acknowledges the Scottish Research Partnership In Engineering (SRPe) for funding the travel grant under PECRE Award 2017/18 and the University of Glasgow (Graduate School Mobility Scholarship).

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• during the adsorption process but not in the mobility of these holes. However, the changes in the electrical properties induced by these gases were very small and irreversible and were, later on, confirmed and explained in a systematic, relevant work [5]. In the early 2000s, Tsiulyanu and coworkers [6

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• are highly mobile on TiO2(110) at room temperature. Their mobility is revealed on STM maps by the observation of streaky lines and disappearing shapes (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). The features are blurred even when probed using currents with a magnitude of a few picoamperes. With

• with bright central protrusions, while Sn-down Pc molecules exhibited a depression in the center of the macrocycle. To reduce the mobility of isolated molecules and to precisely determine their adsorption positions, STM measurements at low coverage (approx. 0.3 ML) were carried out under cryogenic

• surface in a flat-lying position, but their mobility renders imaging impossible. With increasing coverage, increasingly more molecules appear to be stable due to either the influence of surface defects or steric interactions. However, SnPcs do not form a well-defined, regular structure, which suggests

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• includes its high mobility of ≈500 cm2/V·s at room temperature, and a strong spin–orbit coupling [3][13][14]. Thus, it is not surprising that a rich variety of electronic and optoelectronic devices have already been demonstrated using 1L WSe2 which harnesses its exceptional properties [13][15][16]. It is

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• during deposition. During annealing the adatoms gain additional energy resulting in an increased mobility. This enables grain growth and crystallization [32][33][34]. The grain sizes of as-deposited and annealed IAAI films were calculated using the Scherrer equation, where λ is the wavelength of the X

• roughness is attributed to the increasing grain sizes [35]. The large grain sizes of IAAI films reduce the number of grain boundaries and thus the scattering at grain boundaries. This improves the carrier mobility leading to an increased electrical conductivity of the films. The surface morphology of the

• works of Roh et al. [30] and Ding et al. [39] who used aluminum/palladium and copper interlayers, respectively. Carrier concentration and mobility of the IAAI films are higher than those of the ITO films. The IAAI carrier concentration increased from 6.2 × 10−21 to 8.9 × 10−21 cm−3 after annealing

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• additional mechanical (stiffness, elasticity), electrical (conductivity, surface potential), electrochemical (reactivity, mobility and activity), mechanoelectrical (piezoelectricity) and chemical (chemical bonding) material properties. In situ AFM imaging of the sample topography is often used to study the

• an increase in electrochemical activity and higher lithium concentration in the anode. In general, the ionic mobility, concentration and activity in the probed volume and the material structure influence the ESM signal. Several groups already investigated LFP by ESM measurements. Chen et al. studied

• ESM data. The ESM signal, which we observe on carbon-coated LFP, is not only limited to structural boundaries within one single grain, which are known to exhibit a high mobility for ions due to structural disordering, high concentration of defects and lower energy barrier [40][54][55]. We also observe

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• characteristics of cells contributes to further understanding the ability to deform and metastasize of cells, thus further predicting the development of cancer [50]. Given that the cytoskeleton plays a key role in the maintenance of cell morphology, mobility deformation and related information transmission become

Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis

• Berkin Uluutku and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 453–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.37

• ][10], and metals [11][12][13]. C-AFM has been used to characterize local charge transport characteristics [4][6] and to obtain detailed information about local charge mobility [5][7]. However, contact-mode AFM techniques, where the probe continuously interacts with the surface in a repulsive manner

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

•  1, Table S3). Figure 4 shows that the diffusion coefficients for pillar[5]arene 3 and 3/Ag+ nanoparticles are different. The self-diffusion coefficient of pillar[5]arene 3 is greater (D = 4.22 × 10–10 m2 s−1), which indicates its greater mobility in solution in comparison with 3/Ag+ associates. This

• indicates a decrease in mobility pillar[5]arene due to the formation of the associate. The minimum diffusion coefficient is observed at c(Ag+)/c(3) = 1 (D = 3.19 × 10−10 m2 s−1). With an increase in the Ag+ concentration, the self-diffusion coefficients equalize (Figure 4). With a further increase in the Ag

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• mobility [21]. Internal electric fields due to band bending at the D–A interfaces and at the organic/substrate interface play a key role in this process. In an open-circuit configuration occurring in KPFM experiments, the charges will move until the internal electric fields are compensated. Then the charge

• optical power. At the lowest fluence applied (Popt = 2.4 mW∙cm−2), the photocharging time even exceeds the pulse duration within the second sequence (Figure 6f). The physics of the photocharging dynamics are based on a drift-diffusion process limited by the carrier mobility. Hence, our data (Figure 6

• ) indicate that the effective carrier mobility strongly depends on the photocarrier concentration, which is inversely proportional to the optical power. Such a situation has been reported for different organic blends [33][34][35]. In some models, traps are the source of this concentration-dependent mobility

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• dissociation of the self-assembly will not necessarily occur as soon as the concentration drops below the cac, owing to a kinetic lag linked to the low mobility of the polymer chains, as demonstrated in an early study of Kataoka et al. who showed that dissociation took place over several days [143]. The most

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• restricted the polymer chain mobility under the load [6][37]. The influence of GnP loadings increased the crosslink ratio and hindered the molecular motion of the matrix [6]. When the GnP loading was 13.92 vol %, the enhancements of the Young’s moduli of the HDPE/G1, HDPE/G2, and HDPE/G3 nanocomposites were

• volume fraction of GnP. This may have been due to agglomeration of the GnPs in the polymer matrix [8]. The agglomeration of the GnPs may have increased the molecular mobility and decreased the thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites [39]. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was enhanced

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• , Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.11.6 Abstract In the present paper, we investigate the effect of heat treatment on the geometry and mobility of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on a Si substrate. Chemically synthesized Au NPs of diameter ranging from 5 to 27 nm were annealed at 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C for 1 h. A change in

• measure of the mobility of the NPs. The calibration of the cantilevers was performed by the thermal tuning method. The oscillation amplitudes ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 V with a sensitivity of 25 to 31 nm/V. The sensitivity was measured individually for each cantilever by means of damping the AFM tip against

• with the results of our experiments and sheds light on the processes taking place in small metal particles at elevated temperatures. Manipulation of Au nanoparticles The main goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of the heat-induced rounding of Au NPs on their mobility. Rounding of NPs

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• perovskites is lower than that of their 3D counterparts because of the lower carrier mobility, the wide optical bandgap, the low conductivity and the large exciton binding energy. Therefore, Priya et al. [8] created a methylammonium (MA)-based 2D perovskite film by using the vapor-fumigation technique. The

• the mobility, the lifetime and the vertical diffusion length of the charge carriers in the 2/3D perovskite. Figure 4h–k indicates that the 2D/3D perovskite (x = 0.03) has a better crystallinity than the pure 3D material because of its clearer crystal lattice phonon features. These factors greatly

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• samples at 25 °C using a Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Model ZEN3600, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK) equipped with a solid state HeNe laser (λ = 633 nm) at a scattering angle of 173°. Size measurement data were obtained by using the General Purpose algorithm. The electrophoretic mobility of nanoparticles

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• differences in the binding of siRNA to AuNPs. About 10% of the completed particles in sample ×10 have a lower surface density, which in turn determines the difference in the electrophoretic mobility of samples ×1 and ×10 as well as values of the zeta potential and the shape of their curves. The only possible

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• attributed to several aspects. First, the sensing mechanism is based on the mentioned reaction at the gas–solid interface. Second, an appropriate content of rGO can improve the electron mobility inside the composites, which is helpful for the interface reaction [24][51]. Third, as shown in Figure 11a, the

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• is explained by the fact that with a decrease in the cooling rate, the atoms retain a high mobility. This results in both the silicon atoms replacing the copper atoms in the crystal lattice of the cluster and a sufficient time for the separation (mobility) of the atoms during the cooling process. A

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• a top electrode. We were able to determine a relationship between island size and electrical conductivity, and from this dependence, we could obtain information on the lateral charge transport and charge carrier mobility within the thin OSC layers. Our study demonstrates that AFM nanografting of

• ]. Domain boundaries, contaminations and defects have a pronounced, negative effect on charge carrier mobility. This fact calls for measurements on low-defect density samples, preferentially macroscopic single crystals, to determine the intrinsic mobilities. This approach, however, is difficult due to the

• demonstrated that the molecular packing of the monomers within the SAM is beneficial to the intermolecular electronic coupling and further promote charge carrier mobility. In accordance with the simulation, the experimental analysis of the apparent height of the islands as a function of island diameter in the

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• topology NU-400 and HDTRA1-18-1-0003 for catalysis study). T. F. acknowledges financial support of the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Discovery Grant (RGPIN-2017-06467), NSERC E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship (SMFSU 507347-17) and McGill University Graduate Student Mobility

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• around 10% in cells with both the thinnest (30 nm) and the thickest (150 nm) Sb2S3 layers. The decrease in the FF in these cells could mainly be attributed to the occurrence of RS over 10 Ω cm2 (Table 1). In particular, RS could be inflated in cells with thin (30 nm) Sb2S3 layers, because the mobility of

• travel the farthest towards the HTM, face mobility issues when traversing the thickest (150 nm) absorber layer. On the other end, at wavelengths above 600 nm, the benefit of using layers thicker than 100 nm to absorb more light is clearly seen through increased EQE, as expected. For reference, the

• penetration depth for light of 600 nm wavelength is about 100 nm, assuming α = 1 × 105 cm−1 (Figure 3c). Electron mobility tends to be greater in semiconductors when compared to hole mobility, although the efficacy of electron transport is also subject to change when the absorber thickness is varied. In this

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• influence (p < 0.05) the elasticity and cohesiveness, which could be explained by the influence by hydrogen bonds and water mobility in the sample. As elucidated in location studies, CUR is a hydrophobic molecule that is located in the core of polymeric micelles and thus it should not influence this

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• ][8], a high optical absorption coefficient (2 × 105 cm−1) [4], high carrier mobility (2 to 80 cm2/Vs) [4][9] and a large charge carrier lifetime (200 ps) [10]. Therefore, FeS2 nanoparticles (NPs) can be a good alternative for PV applications [11]. Nanostructures of FeS2 have been used as counter