Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

• Arindam Dasgupta,
• Mickaël Buret,
• Nicolas Cazier,
• Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
• Reinaldo Chacon,
• Kamal Hammani,
• Jean-Claude Weeber,
• Juan Arocas,
• Laurent Markey,
• Gérard Colas des Francs,
• Alexander Uskov,
• Igor Smetanin and
• Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

• Agreement 306772, the CNRS/RFBR collaborative research program number (CNRS PRC-1493 and Grant RFBR-17-58-150007), and the COST Action MP1403 Nanoscale Quantum Optics, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.U. and I.S. are thankful to Russian Science Foundation (Grant 17-19

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• many areas of nanoscience. Metal NPs and nanoparticles thin films (NTFs) with optimized morphology and structure have attracted significant interest in numerous research areas including catalysis [1][2], sensing [3][4], optics [5][6], data storage [7][8] and biotechnology [9][10]. In many applications

Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials

• Daniela Dragoman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174

• implementation method of the FrFT of electron wave functions is based on the analogy between the classical electromagnetic field and the quantum wave function of ballistic electrons [11], as well as on the fact that the FrFT in optics can be implemented in graded index (GRIN) waveguides with a refractive index

• Schrödinger equation [11] to implement the FrFT of electron wave functions. In optics, the FrFT of order α of an incident optical field E(x,y) = E(x)exp(iky), which propagates with a propagation constant k along the y direction in a planar GRIN waveguide with refractive index n(x) = n0 − n1x2/2, and satisfies

• coordinate x and the tangent θ to the ray/quantum trajectory at a y = const. plane and the same parameters (indexed by 0) at the y = 0 plane [15]: In Equation 5, valid when or , one has in optics and in the case of Schrödinger electrons. Whether the results above regarding Schrödinger electrons are not

Evaluation of replicas manufactured in a 3D-printed nanoimprint unit

• Manuel Caño-García,
• Morten A. Geday,
• Manuel Gil-Valverde,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1573–1581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.149

• microelectronics, optics, photonic integrated circuits, plasmonics or microfluidics [3]. NIL is customarily split into three categories, “hard”, “soft” and “hybrid” NIL [4], depending on the kind of mold employed in the transfer. Hard NIL uses molds made of quartz or silicon, and allows for the transfer of

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• ), Kaiserslautern, Germany Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Integrated Materials Design Centre (IMDC), University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.9.141 Abstract Phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs) embedded in

Excitation of nonradiating magnetic anapole states with azimuthally polarized vector beams

• Aristeidis G. Lamprianidis and
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1478–1490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.139

• illuminated by such beams. We propose several configuration schemes where magnetic anapole modes of simple or hybrid nature can be detected in silicon nanospheres, nanodisks and nanopillars. Keywords: anapole excitation; dielectric nano-optics; multipolar expansion; T-matrix method; vector beams

Formation mechanisms of boron oxide films fabricated by large-area electron beam-induced deposition of trimethyl borate

• Aiden A. Martin and
• Philip J. Depond

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1282–1287, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.120

• Aiden A. Martin Philip J. Depond Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.120 Abstract Boron-containing materials are increasingly drawing interest for the use in electronics, optics, laser targets, neutron

• -containing materials are diverse and include high-energy laser fusion targets [1], superconductors [2], X-ray optics [3], microelectromechanical systems [4], and neutron detectors [5]. All these alluring applications are, however, overshadowed by fabrication challenges at the microscale arising from

• allows the electron optics to be maintained at high vacuum (ca. 10−3 Pa) while the pressure in the process chamber is of the order of 1 Pa. (a) Deposition rate of EBID using TMB precursor and a 2 keV, 20 μA Gaussian electron beam as a function of the silicon substrate temperature. Inset: LCSM height map

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• Erlangen, Germany Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Empa—Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• investigation [2][3][4][5][6]. The dynamics and advantages of supramolecular compounds of porphyrins within devices and in fabricated materials are relevant for molecular studies [7][8]. Properties of supramolecular films with porphyrins can be investigated with approaches such as non-linear optics [9

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• temperature changes. Characteristic temperatures determined from the slope changes of the Δ(T) plot appeared to be very good guess values for the phase transition temperatures. Keywords: non-linear optics; organic semiconductors; spectroscopic ellipsometry; theoretical modeling; thin films; Introduction The

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• creating enhanced Earth-based astronomical telescopes with adaptive optics and magnetic mirrors with the shape-shifting capability made up of ferrofluids [38][39]. TiO2 NPs are commercially used in solar cells with dye-sensitization ability [40]. In summer 2012, Logitech brought an external iPad keyboard

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• applications, this material is useful when synthesized as nanoparticles [3]. However, for specific fields, such as microelectronics and optics, its deposition as thin film highlighted some interesting physical properties, such as the lattice constant close to the value of Si (a = 0.541 nm) [4] and the

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• ), and HRTEM (JEOL2100). UV–vis analysis was carried out on a spectrophotometer (FLAME-S, Ocean Optics, Inc.). PL measurements (IK3301R-G, Kimmon Koha) were performed at room temperature using a He–Cd laser source (325 nm). For TRPL decay measurement of ZnO structures, a time-correlated single photon

• solution was illuminated with a halogen lamp (150 W) at a distance of 60 cm. After irradiating for a period (every 15 min), the PL spectra of the RhB solutions after photocatalytic activation were measured by a spectrophotometer (FLAME-S, Ocean Optics, Inc.) using the excitation source of a 405 nm laser

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• (JEOL, Japan). Optical analysis Absorption spectra of nanoparticle sols in the visible light range were recorded on an optical absorbance USB 2000 spectrometer (Ocean Optics, USA) equipped with a LS-1 halogen light source and a cuvette holder. The spectral data were processed using a SpectraSuite

• software package (Ocean Optics). Pure solvent absorption spectra were used for comparison. Simulation of the optical properties was performed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical techniques for Maxwell’s equations solution. Commercially available software FDTD Solutions (Lumerical

Towards 3D crystal orientation reconstruction using automated crystal orientation mapping transmission electron microscopy (ACOM-TEM)

• Aaron Kobler and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 602–607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.56

• planes of the lattice, and hence does not provide enough information for a reconstruction [22][41][42]. Smart reconstruction algorithms are necessary and novel direct electron detection cameras in combination with advanced scanning optics can support the development towards 3D reconstruction from 2D

Anchoring Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

• Błażej Scheibe,
• Radosław Mrówczyński,
• Natalia Michalak,
• Karol Załęski,
• Michał Matczak,
• Mateusz Kempiński,
• Zuzanna Pietralik,
• Mikołaj Lewandowski,
• Stefan Jurga and
• Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

• Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Bruker Optics, TENSOR 27) equipped with a MCT detector and globar source. The chemical composition of the samples was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The measurements were performed in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber using a

High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

• Jonathan Ward,
• Khosro Zangeneh Kamali,
• Lei Xu,
• Guoquan Zhang,
• Andrey E. Miroshnichenko and
• Mohsen Rahmani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 460–467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.44

• intensity of third harmonic light can be obtained for this system, via heating. This hybrid metasurface can find a wide range of applications in slow light, nonlinear optics and bio-chemical sensing. Keywords: dielectrics; directionality; metasurfaces; Mie resonance; plasmonics; reversible tuning

• important step towards tunable flat optics. Methods Here, we study the transmission properties of the nanostructures using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method [49][50] which has been widely used for modelling periodic optical structures due to its fast converging and accurate far-field calculations

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• (Cu2L4+•, Cu2L3+, Cu2L3A2+). However, it is important to note that intensity of fragments with higher masses is discriminated during their transition through the ion optics and quadrupole system of the experiment. For [Cu2(RNH2)2(µ-O2CC2F5)4] (R = Et, s-Bu, t-Bu) complexes, the largest detected fragment

• main reaction chamber by small capillary, which creates a molecular beam that perpendicularly collides with the electron beam. Ionic products are then forced by a weak electric field into the ion optics of the quadrupole mass spectrometer. After separation of the products with different mass-to-charge

Design of polar self-assembling lactic acid derivatives possessing submicrometre helical pitch

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Cyril Vacek,
• Michał Czerwiński,
• Terezia Vojtylová,
• Wiktor Piecek and
• Věra Hamplová

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 333–341, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.33

• materials possessing specific properties still remains a highlighted current challenge for the scientific community due to the huge potential for utilisation of such functional materials for various applications in electro-optics and photonics [1][2][3][4][5]. Chiral materials possessing the polar smectic

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• matrix was confirmed by a nonlinear optics technique [88]. These properties enable the exploitation of the LC collagen matrix as a potential corneal implant. This matrix can be also utilized as a biological template for silica hybridization with long-range ordered structures [89]. Such 3D ordered

Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Octavian Danila,
• Pedro L. Almeida and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.18

• optoelectronics (light valves, polarizers), architectural windows, reduction of solar heat load [2][6], nonlinear optics [7][8][9] and nanotechnological applications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The macroscopic electro-optical effect in electrospun cellulose acetate/LC composites is similar to

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• storage, ferroelectric tunnel junction memristors, metal interconnects for high performance integrated circuits in microelectronics and nano-optics applications, especially in the areas of plasmonics and metamaterials. Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is a maskless direct-write tool

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710119, China, Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, UMR 8537, Ecole Normale Supérieure de

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• transition temperature, thus improving the thermo- and electro-optical properties of the PLCF. Keywords: fiber optics; gold nanoparticle; liquid crystal; phase transition temperature; photonic crystal fiber; Introduction Since their discovery in 1888, liquid crystals (LCs) have attracted nonstop research

• still could be (and for some applications need to be) improved. To accomplish this, LCs are being either stabilized by polymers [3] or doped with special materials such as nanotubes [4] and quantum dots [5]. Over the last few years nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to improve the electro-optics

• (Ocean Optics, USB4000). Setup for experiments in an electric field The experimental setup is shown in Figure 3. We used a green laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm as a light source in this experiment due to the fact that at this wavelength all the samples (observed in the first part of the

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals

• Dmitrii Pavlovich Shcherbinin and
• Elena A. Konshina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.275

• rapidly growing. The application of LCs includes metamaterials [4], photonic crystals [5], plasmonic structures [6], THz devices [7], sensors [8], diffractive optics [9], adaptive lens technologies [10] and vision correction [11], as well as tunable filters [12] and dispersion for imaging [13]. In