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Search for "X-ray spectroscopy" in Full Text gives 182 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

  • Maria Siglreitmeier,
  • Baohu Wu,
  • Tina Kollmann,
  • Martin Neubauer,
  • Gergely Nagy,
  • Dietmar Schwahn,
  • Vitaliy Pipich,
  • Damien Faivre,
  • Dirk Zahn,
  • Andreas Fery and
  • Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

Graphical Abstract
  • distribution of magnetite nanoparticles inside the hybrid material was determined with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (Figure 4d). The mapping of the elements shows that Fe and C are homogeneously distributed throughout the material surface whereas there is less C detected at the freshly broken
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Published 12 Jan 2015

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

  • Annika Vogt,
  • Fiorenza Rancan,
  • Sebastian Ahlberg,
  • Berouz Nazemi,
  • Chun Sik Choe,
  • Maxim E. Darvin,
  • Sabrina Hadam,
  • Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
  • Kateryna Loza,
  • Jörg Diendorf,
  • Matthias Epple,
  • Christina Graf,
  • Eckart Rühl,
  • Martina C. Meinke and
  • Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

Graphical Abstract
  • spectroscopic data. Following similar approaches, Adachi et al. performed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements on murine skin after up to 8 weeks of daily sunscreen application with similar results [10]. However, a loss of particles during fixation
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Published 08 Dec 2014

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

  • Sebastian Ahlberg,
  • Alexandra Antonopulos,
  • Jörg Diendorf,
  • Ralf Dringen,
  • Matthias Epple,
  • Rebekka Flöck,
  • Wolfgang Goedecke,
  • Christina Graf,
  • Nadine Haberl,
  • Jens Helmlinger,
  • Fabian Herzog,
  • Frederike Heuer,
  • Stephanie Hirn,
  • Christian Johannes,
  • Stefanie Kittler,
  • Manfred Köller,
  • Katrin Korn,
  • Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
  • Fritz Krombach,
  • Jürgen Lademann,
  • Kateryna Loza,
  • Eva M. Luther,
  • Marcelina Malissek,
  • Martina C. Meinke,
  • Daniel Nordmeyer,
  • Anne Pailliart,
  • Jörg Raabe,
  • Fiorenza Rancan,
  • Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
  • Eckart Rühl,
  • Carsten Schleh,
  • Andreas Seibel,
  • Christina Sengstock,
  • Lennart Treuel,
  • Annika Vogt,
  • Katrin Weber and
  • Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

Graphical Abstract
  • (TEM), this technique requires thin samples and, hence, slicing of the samples as well as additional staining, which both might change the properties of the samples. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) combined with TEM has only limited spectral and spatial resolution and
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Published 03 Nov 2014

Electronic and electrochemical doping of graphene by surface adsorbates

  • Hugo Pinto and
  • Alexander Markevich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1842–1848, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.195

Graphical Abstract
  • in this case is the reaction in Equation 1. The water molecules required for the reaction are assumed to be located at the graphene/SiO2 interface. Indeed, the presence of water layers on the surface of SiO2 films grown on Si has been confirmed by Kelvin probe microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and FTIR
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Published 23 Oct 2014

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

  • Chieh-Chun Wu,
  • Ling Tang and
  • Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

Graphical Abstract
  • measured by using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS).) The NiO particles ranged in size from 0.5 to 1.5 μm and had faceted, polygonal faces (Figure 5a). The GDC particles were more rounded; many were sintered agglomerates ca. 3 μm long and ca. 1 μm wide. Direct-treated ceria coatings (treatment 2
  • carefully peeled from the electrodes before analysis. Cell characterization Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the anodes were taken (FEI xT Nova Nanolab) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) mapping at beam energy of 15 keV, combined with SEM images, was used
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Published 06 Oct 2014

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

  • Ahmed Salama,
  • Mike Neumann,
  • Christina Günter and
  • Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

Graphical Abstract
  • -14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.167 Abstract Cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials were synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted route. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and
  • (Plano GmbH). Samples were cut at 1 mm/s at room temperature. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was done on a JEOL JSM 6510 SEM with tungsten hairpin filament (15 kV) and an Oxford INCAx-act SN detector with a resolution of 135 eV at 5.9 keV. Elemental analysis was done on a Vario EL III analyzer
  • summarizes data obtained from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The samples grown in the presence of GAA have a Ca/P ratio of 0.8 to 0.9. This is on the order of the Ca/P ratio of 1 in stoichiometric DCPD or DCPA [12][13][56]. Moreover, CPGAA24 also contains roughly equivalent amounts of sodium
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Published 16 Sep 2014

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

  • Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
  • Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
  • José Santos-Cruz,
  • Marina Vega-González,
  • Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
  • Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
  • Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
  • Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

Graphical Abstract
  • were made by applying a potential of 1 V at the sample: 20 s in darkness, 50 s under illumination and another 50 s in darkness. For this, two rectangular metallic contacts (0.5 × 0.2 cm) were painted on the surface of the films with silver paint in a square sample of 0.5 cm2. Energy dispersive X-ray
  • spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out in a JSM-6060LV SEM at 20 keV by using KBr pellets containing granules of CuxS powder to make the punctual analysis. X-ray patterns of copper sulfide synthesized in organic solution at a) 230 and 220 °C, the chalcocite phase is obtained and at b) 240 and 260 °C, the
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Published 15 Sep 2014

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

  • Franciszek Krok,
  • Mark R. Kaspers,
  • Alexander M. Bernhart,
  • Marek Nikiel,
  • Benedykt R. Jany,
  • Paulina Indyka,
  • Mateusz Wojtaszek,
  • Rolf Möller and
  • Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

Graphical Abstract
  • a gas injection system by the electron beam and the FIB beam was used to cut out the lamella. The high resolution (HR) TEM and high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning TEM images together with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the sample were obtained by the FEI Tecnai
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Published 05 Sep 2014

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

  • Subarna Khanal,
  • Ana Spitale,
  • Nabraj Bhattarai,
  • Daniel Bahena,
  • J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
  • Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
  • Marcelo M. Mariscal and
  • Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

Graphical Abstract
  • the average diameter of the Cu–Pt nanoclusters is 3.0 ± 1.0 nm. The high angle annular dark field (HAADF-STEM) images, intensity profiles, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) line scans, allowed us to study the distribution of Cu and Pt with atomistic resolution, finding that Pt is embedded
  • –Pt clusters; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); grand-canonical Langevin dynamics; nanoalloys; scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); Introduction The study of bimetallic (BM) nanoclusters has received particular interest because of their myriad properties and applications in
  • ) techniques. The use of high angle annular dark field (HAADF-STEM) images, intensity profiles, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) line scans, allowed us to study the atomic positions of Cu and Pt, and to compare the structure of the particles with the results of atomistic simulations. We applied a
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Published 27 Aug 2014

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

  • Rana Mohtadi and
  • Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

Graphical Abstract
  • operando soft X-ray spectroscopy. Their results, combined with the transport properties of the magnesium species, also suggested the interfacial electroactive species to be MgCl+·5THF. The dimeric Mg2Cl3+ species present in the bulk, was discounted from being electrochemically active at the interface
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Published 18 Aug 2014

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)3NO

  • Florian Vollnhals,
  • Martin Drost,
  • Fan Tu,
  • Esther Carrasco,
  • Andreas Späth,
  • Rainer H. Fink,
  • Hans-Peter Steinrück and
  • Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

Graphical Abstract
  • -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) [23][24][25]. The composition is almost independent of the applied beam current and energy, apart from a slight increase in oxygen content for increasing beam power [23]. The deposition yield decreases for higher electron energy, and increases strongly above 403 K
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Published 30 Jul 2014

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

  • Li-wei Liu,
  • Si-yi Hu,
  • Ying Pan,
  • Jia-qi Zhang,
  • Yue-shu Feng and
  • Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

Graphical Abstract
  • redshift of about 45–55 nm for CdS/ZnS QDs. This is due to the quantum confinement. CdS/ZnS QDs were further characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), as shown in Figure 3. The spectra exhibit the composition of the CdS/ZnS QDs and indicating Cd, S, and Zn as components of the CdS/ZnS
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Published 27 Jun 2014

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

  • Sini Kuriakose,
  • Vandana Choudhary,
  • Biswarup Satpati and
  • Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

Graphical Abstract
  • square of the atomic number Z. Figure 3c shows the STEM-HAADF image of ZnO nanostructures in sample PZ. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data from the regions marked by area 1 in Figure 3c and area 2 in Figure 4c is plotted in Figure 3d for ZnO and Ag–ZnO. The C and Cu signals in the EDX
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Published 15 May 2014

Magnesiothermic conversion of the silica-mineralizing golden algae Mallomonas caudata and Synura petersenii to elemental silicon with high geometric precision

  • Janina Petrack,
  • Steffen Jost,
  • Jens Boenigk and
  • Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 554–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.65

Graphical Abstract
  • because the formation of silicon was clearly detected by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Yamada et al. also showed that it is possible to convert magnesium silicide powder with magnesium into silicon [24]. In addition, magnesium silicide reacts with oxygen to magnesium oxide and silicon above 450 °C
  • instrument with gold-palladium-sputtered samples), X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance powder diffractometer with Cu Kα-radiation), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, ESEM Quanta 400 FEG instrument) and infrared spectroscopy (IR, Bruker Alpha-Platinum FTIR-Spectrometer). Scanning electron
  • of water (4.8 wt %). The second is attributed to the combustion of organic matter and also to dehydration of biogenic silica (43.0 wt % in total). The remaining 52.2 wt % of the sample can be assigned to inorganic silica, i.e., the dehydrated mineral ("SiO2"). The results of energy-dispersive X-ray
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Published 30 Apr 2014

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

  • M. Hennes,
  • A. Lotnyk and
  • S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

Graphical Abstract
  • -resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. An analytical model that relies on classical kinetic gas theory is used to describe the deposition of Cu shell atoms on top of existing Ni cores. Its predictive power and possible implications for the growth of
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Published 14 Apr 2014

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

  • Vincent Tiing Tiong,
  • John Bell and
  • Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

Graphical Abstract
  • quantitative elemental analysis of the samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, JEOL 7001F) at an acceleration voltage of 20.0 kV combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the samples were performed on
  • respectively, further confirming the phase purity of the material. The atomic ratio of Cu/Zn/Sn/S in the material is 1.97/1.04/1.03/3.96 according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results (see Table 1), which is consistent with the stoichiometric value of 2/1/1/4 of CZTS (by considering the
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Published 09 Apr 2014

In situ growth optimization in focused electron-beam induced deposition

  • Paul M. Weirich,
  • Marcel Winhold,
  • Christian H. Schwalb and
  • Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.103

Graphical Abstract
  • , sample 2 (optimized for highest conductance) shows by far the highest value of conductance, whereas for sample 3 (optimized for lowest conductance) the lowest value is achieved. For the purpose of characterizing the chemical composition of the different samples energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX
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Published 17 Dec 2013

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Li2Co1−xMxPO4F (M = Fe, Mn) cathode materials

  • Nellie R. Khasanova,
  • Oleg A. Drozhzhin,
  • Stanislav S. Fedotov,
  • Darya A. Storozhilova,
  • Rodion V. Panin and
  • Evgeny V. Antipov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 860–867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.97

Graphical Abstract
  • carried out by Rietveld refinement with the program JANA 2006 [17]. SEM investigation of powdered samples was performed with a JEOL JSM-6490LV scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) attachment. The electrochemical evaluation was performed in two-electrode
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Published 09 Dec 2013

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

  • Cathy Bugot,
  • Nathanaëlle Schneider,
  • Daniel Lincot and
  • Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

Graphical Abstract
  • dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to characterize the samples. When H2O was used as the oxygen source, the films have structural and optical properties, and the atomic composition of pure In2S3. No pure In2O3 films could be grown by using H2O or O2 plasma. However, In2(S,O)3 films could be
  • correspond to ratios of {50%, 33%, 25%, 10%, 6.7%, 5%} of In2O3 cycles at a deposition temperature of 200 °C. All samples were deposited performing a total of 2000 growth cycles, i.e., 100 supercycles for n = 19, 133 supercycles for n = 14, etc. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was performed on
  • Empyrean diffractometer while using Cu Kα radiation. X-Ray reflectometry analyses were also performed to confirm thickness measurements. Thin film compositions were obtained by using a Magellan 400L scanning electron microscope provided by FEI. It is equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
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Published 13 Nov 2013

Ellipsometry and XPS comparative studies of thermal and plasma enhanced atomic layer deposited Al2O3-films

  • Jörg Haeberle,
  • Karsten Henkel,
  • Hassan Gargouri,
  • Franziska Naumann,
  • Bernd Gruska,
  • Michael Arens,
  • Massimo Tallarida and
  • Dieter Schmeißer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 732–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.83

Graphical Abstract
  • influenced by charged species within the films. Carbon contamination (EDX, XPS, ellipsometry) In order to discuss the integration of carbon atoms into the films we conducted energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), XPS C1s core level spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The chemical composition
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Published 08 Nov 2013

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

  • Raju Prakash,
  • Katharina Fanselau,
  • Shuhua Ren,
  • Tapan Kumar Mandal,
  • Christian Kübel,
  • Horst Hahn and
  • Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

Graphical Abstract
  • produced from the Fe nanoparticles is encapsulated within the nanotubes or carbon shells. Elemental analysis suggested that the composite consists of 70 wt % of Fe3O4 and 30 wt % of carbon. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) patterns by using SEM mode (Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1
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Published 30 Oct 2013

Evolution of microstructure and related optical properties of ZnO grown by atomic layer deposition

  • Adib Abou Chaaya,
  • Roman Viter,
  • Mikhael Bechelany,
  • Zanda Alute,
  • Donats Erts,
  • Anastasiya Zalesskaya,
  • Kristaps Kovalevskis,
  • Vincent Rouessac,
  • Valentyn Smyntyna and
  • Philippe Miele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 690–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.78

Graphical Abstract
  • properties of the ZnO films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). An Asylum Research MFP-3D atomic force microscope equipped with a commercial silicon tip was operated in the tapping
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Published 28 Oct 2013

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

  • Gediminas Seniutinas,
  • Lorenzo Rosa,
  • Gediminas Gervinskas,
  • Etienne Brasselet and
  • Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

Graphical Abstract
  • strength to withstand the wet-bath development. A lengthy one-hour treatment at 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath would be necessary to remove these nano-well structures. The wells are made of Au as confirmed by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy using tilted slices, as shown in the inset of Figure 1c
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Published 17 Sep 2013

Characterization of electroforming-free titanium dioxide memristors

  • John Paul Strachan,
  • J. Joshua Yang,
  • L. A. Montoro,
  • C. A. Ospina,
  • A. J. Ramirez,
  • A. L. D. Kilcoyne,
  • Gilberto Medeiros-Ribeiro and
  • R. Stanley Williams

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 467–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.55

Graphical Abstract
  • dramatically reduced microphysical changes after electrical operation. Keywords: electron microscopy; memristor; resistance switching; transition-metal oxide; X-ray spectroscopy; Introduction A memristor is a passive electronic element that displays a pinched hysteresis loop in its current–voltage
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Published 07 Aug 2013

Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures

  • Ulrich Herr,
  • Balati Kuerbanjiang,
  • Cahit Benel,
  • Giorgos Papageorgiou,
  • Manuel Goncalves,
  • Johannes Boneberg,
  • Paul Leiderer,
  • Paul Ziemann,
  • Peter Marek and
  • Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 306–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.34

Graphical Abstract
  • 1000 °C during the process. The composition of the NPs was controlled by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-prepared TiO2:Eu NPs with varying composition. For Eu concentrations below 0.56 atom % we find predominantly the anatase structure
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Published 14 May 2013
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