Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• -Cy7.5 material was then subsequently coated onto the hydrophobic SPIONs to make them hydrophilic and more stable for further fluorescent imaging experiments. Finally, PEPHC1, a small peptide that can specifically bind with the marker EGFRvIII that is overexpressed in glioblastoma, was grafted with the

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• the hydrophobic nanoporous polymer at high temperature [27]. The COP-100-Film was formed much slower when the temperature was below 80 °C, supporting that the amide formation by the condensation reaction was crucial for processing the nanoporous polymer. The quick amide formation made the COP-100

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• molecules are encapsulated in the aqueous compartment, while hydrophobic molecules are embedded in the membrane [16]. The EE of hydrophobic molecules is majorly affected by the lamellarity of the niosome membranes. Because the niosomes discussed here are unilamellar, the main factor that seems to affect the

• concentration of chol and the non-ionic surfactant in the final niosome formulations. The presence of chol is a key factor that controls membrane rigidity. Higher chol concentrations results in a less permeable and more rigid bilayer membrane. Moreover, the encapsulation of hydrophobic molecules is highly

• dependent on the bilayer membrane fluidity where higher encapsulation values can be achieved with less rigid membranes [17]. In addition, higher chol concentrations might compete with the hydrophobic molecules and prevent its encapsulation during the self-assemble of the lipid components into the bilayer

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• were similar in shape to lamellar crystals of cellulose oligomers [42][52][53][54]. According to our examination, the cross-linking of the nanoribbons was apparently based on their physical contact, possibly through the hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding. We previously demonstrated nanoribbon

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• around a relative pressure of 0.5, indicating increased adsorption ability. In contrast to other Zr-based MOFs [38], this is a rather high relative pressure for water adsorption, indicating a hydrophobic character of the pore inner surface. In DUT-98(3), a steep increase in water adsorption is observed

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• feature of these building blocks is that chiral centers are contained. The synergy between various noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding [21][22], π–π stacking [23][24], and hydrophobic interactions [25][26] provided by other moieties in self-assembly units, cause the chiral information to

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• should be mentioned that N-CNT/N-CNT/GC displays no redox peak attributed to oxygen-containing functional groups since Fe was electrochemically leached out in H2SO4 and not chemically in concentrated HNO3 for the sake of follow-up studies not presented here. Additionally, CNT/CNT/GC is hydrophobic, while

• CNT growth was investigated, where gas flow rates were adjusted by mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tech, Germany). Prior to CVD, the Fe catalysts were conditioned at 750 °C for 30 min in a H2/Ar gas mixture. After the CNT growth, the surface of CNT/GC is highly hydrophobic. To remove remaining

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• ) develops highly stable and viscous suspensions after sonomechanical treatment in water. Dispersions of disaggregated sepiolite can efficiently suspend nanoparticles of different topologies and hydrophobic nature such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in water [25

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• , including H1N1, H3N2 and H5N1 [15] can be successfully incorporated into the ligand shell of gold and silver nanoparticles. The FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles have a greater antiviral activity than the free peptide. The FluPep amino acid sequence is hydrophobic and its solubilisation requires dimethyl

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• hydrophobic interactions. As expected, the interaction of TNWs with 12-2-12 was stronger than with DTAB, due to the presence of two positively charged head groups and two hydrophobic tails. As a consequence of the higher adsorption of 12-2-12, TNWs remained stable in both media, while DTAB showed an opposite

• research and industrial applications. Gemini surfactants possess a unique molecular structure involving two hydrophobic moieties connected by a hydrophobic or hydrophilic spacer at the level of the head groups. Consequently, these surfactants display superior physicochemical properties and distinctly

• gemini surfactants enables the effect of molecular and micellar structure to be determined while keeping surfactant chemistry the same [36]. It can be expected that surfactant adsorption on TNWs influences TNW stability by affecting the balance between the electrostatic, hydrophobic and steric

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• attracted to NPs composed of hydrophobic core materials [30][31] resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood [18]. Moreover, covalent attachment of apolipoprotein A–I and apolipoprotein E to the NP surface enables drug transport across the blood–brain barrier [32]. Here, both proteins were identified

• human liver cancer cell line HepG2 was used for in vitro incubation experiments. For an easy tracking of NPs in cell culture experiments, the fluorescent dye Lumogen® Red was incorporated into the hydrophobic particle matrix. Due to the lipophilic properties of the dye molecule an average of 8.14 µg

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• functionalization protocol is based on the non-covalent bonding of streptavidin on hydrophobic graphene surfaces. The two protocols end with the effective bonding of biotinylated anti-IgG antibodies to the streptavidin, which leaves the surface of the devices ready for possible IgG detection. Keywords: biomolecule

• functionalization platforms. On one hand, graphene containing defects (COOH groups) can be covalently functionalized by using an EDC/NHS zero-cross linker, which allows for the binding of primary amines present in proteins and antibodies [11][12]. On the other hand, defect-free graphene is highly hydrophobic, and

• graphene with better quality. The hydrophobic character of the surface was confirmed by dropping water on it with a pipette, which revealed the lack of liquid adhesion to the surface. We also analysed the influence of the process parameters (pressure, Ar/C2H2 flow ratio and cooling rate) on the defect

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• advanced nanomaterials has led to the development of effective drug delivery systems [1][2]. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal 2-dimensional crystal structure, its use in nanoscience and nanotechnology, is of great interest for scientists. The hydrophobic nature of graphene

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• . [22] modified TiO2 with 7-[4-(trifluoromethoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]pentanoic acid (CF3AZO) which could reversibly switch between hydrophobic (≈145°) and hydrophilic (≈24°) under UV illumination for about 13 h. Chagas et al. [23] fabricated surfaces that were reversibly wettable by dipping polypropylene

• )phenoxy)undecanoic acid (AzoC11) acid to fabricate a hybrid surface which could achieve a rapid change in wettability properties within 12 min, however the wettability range was only between hydrophobic (≈146°) and hydrophilic (≈21°). Qing et al. [30] fabricated superhydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticles with

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• reversible transition of graphene surface water droplets from hydrophobic to hydrophilic was studied at a shutdown voltage [24]. Nbelayim et al. [25] achieved the reversible transformation of graphene from hydrophobic to hydrophilic driven by a direct-current voltage. Cui et al. [26] tested droplets of

• Materials and instrumentation Alcohol (99.7%, AR) and hydrophobic silica (16–25 nm diameter) was provided by Evonik Degussa Co. Ltd. (Germany). The varnish (Voep-1) was from Shijiazhuang Paint Company. All reagents were used as received without further purification. A high-voltage power supply (Tianjin

• interfacial charges will change the wettability from hydrophobic to very hydrophilic [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. We thought that the charges injected and accumulated on the solid surface by a direct-current electric field may also change the surface wettability. For example, the charges that were

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• diameter of 4 ± 1 nm as determined by TEM imaging, with a sample size of at least 100 particles in each case. The obtained nanorods are capped with tightly bound phosphonic acid ligands bearing long hydrophobic alkyl chains. Rather than exchanging these ligands to allow these nanorods to be dispersed in

• polar media, platinum nanoparticles were deposited onto these CdSe@CdS nanorods in hydrophobic media based on the photochemical process reported by Alivisatos and coworkers [30], with the liquid component consisting of either toluene/triethylamine or [bmim][Tf2N] (Scheme 1). We chose [bmim][Tf2N] as the

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• that CTAB surfactant molecules can self-assemble on a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface in the form of hemi-cylindrical micelles [43][44][45]. The surface of HOPG is hydrophobic [46][47], while the CTAB molecules have a hydrophilic end group and a hydrophobic tail [48]. Therefore, to

• shield their hydrophobic tail from the water phase, these molecules form spherical and cylindrical micelles in aqueous suspension [49][50]. Xu et al. were the first to observe the adsorption of CTAB molecules on HOPG in head-to-head arranged layers [50]. It has recently been reported that CTAB-stabilized

• -assembled CTAB molecules. As a cationic surfactant, CTAB molecules consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. In an attempt to shield the hydrophobic tail from the aqueous phase, CTAB molecules assemble on HOPG in the form of hemi-cylindrical micelles [57] and cover the entire region occupied by

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• position and cover MOF particles. Moreover, the presence of MOF particles significantly enhances the surface roughness and allows ultrathin, hydrophobic coverage to be obtained. Finally, it has been shown that the crystallinity and the porosity of the MOF remains almost unaltered in MOF/ODP films

• . Keywords: hydrophobic coating; Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films; metal organic framework (MOF); surface modification; UiO-66-COOH(Zr); Introduction Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-known, crystalline, porous materials formed by metal ions (or metallic clusters) and organic ligands coordinated in a pre

• ) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The results obtained demonstrate the hydrophobic character of the films obtained, since a single mixed ODP/MOF LB film can increase the water contact angle of highly hydrophilic substrates (glass and mica) up to 120° while maintaining a high transparency

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F b,us 2424, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.60 Abstract Topochemical engineering of hybrid materials is an efficient way of synthesizing hydrophobic and highly tensile fiber

• between material entities play a crucial role in the resulting properties. Keywords: abietic acid; composite hybrid fibers; high tensile pulp; hydrophobic pulp; layered double hydroxides; Introduction Renewable chemicals or materials and their value addition are the current focus in the area of

• hydrophobic [10][11][12] with high tensile strength [13]. Topochemical engineering is a method of designing the fractionation (disassembly) and fabrication (assembly) of highly engineered functional materials using a combination of molecular and supramolecular techniques. Topochemical engineering is inspired

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• chain and its hydrophilicity on the gas sensing properties of SAMs formed on carbon nanotubes are studied, and additionally, the gas sensing mechanisms are discussed. Four thiols differing in the length of the carbon chain and in the hydrophobic or hydrophilic nature of the head functional group are

• attributed to the interaction, via strong hydrogen bonding, of the polar molecules tested to the polar surface of hydrophilic thiols. The approach discussed here could be extended further by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic thiol SAMs in Au-MWCNT sensor arrays as a helpful strategy for tuning sensor

• : 735 cm−1, 2580 cm−1 and 2900 cm−1, which correspond to C–S, S–H and C–H elongations, respectively. In addition, hydrophilic thiols (i.e., C3H6O2S and C16H32O2S) present a characteristic peak at 1680 cm−1 attributed to C=O elongation. In contrast, hydrophobic thiols (C3H8S and C16H34S) show a

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• nanocapsules [19][20], with a concentration of hydrophobic dye of the order of 10−4 M and a total solid content of 1–5 wt %. In bulk fluorescent samples, the oxygen/dye molar concentration ratio is typically about 10:1, while for nanoconfined materials is of about 200:1. This huge excess of oxygen affects the

• strategy to reduce the impact of reactive oxygen by applying an additional synthetic step, while keeping unchanged all parameters involved in the synthesis of the initial nanoconfined materials. Exemplarily, polystyrene nanocontainers with a liquid hydrophobic core of hexadecane synthesized by using

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, and α-synuclein fibrils: a coarse-grained method to complement experimental studies

• Adolfo B. Poma,
• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Mai Suan Li and
• Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 500–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.51

• of the individual amino-acid chains in these structures. Fibrils consisting of either 40-mer or 42-mer amyloid chains (it contains two additional hydrophobic amino acids) are particularly interesting. For example, Aβ40 typically assembles into two-fold or three-fold symmetries (see Figure 1), while

• representation for some biological fibrils as well as their native interactions. These native contacts represent hydrogen bonds (HB), and hydrophobic and ionic bridges. Moreover, we consider contacts between amino acids in individual chains with sequential distance |i − j| > 4. The parameters σij are given by

• YL, is almost one order of magnitude. In contrast, in the case of β-amyloid fibrils the anisotropy is considerably smaller. We find that this effect is due to the deformation of the hydrophobic core (segments 61–95). We have also confirmed that the large anisotropy in the case of α-syn neither

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• attachment with respect to various surface properties was investigated by using a 2 × 3 experimental design. Traction force was measured for two different surface energies (hydrophilic vs hydrophobic) varying in roughness from smooth to micro-rough to rough. Nanotribometric tests on single legs were also

• respective surfaces [15][16][17]. Another property that influences insect adhesion is surface polarity, which can be affected by surface roughness, apparently reinforcing hydrophobic or hydrophilic surface characteristics. The testing of both of these surface properties in combination in our experiments has

• ., being either hydrophilic (treated with plasma) or hydrophobic (treated with antispread). The data were compared between and within the species. The within-species comparisons were conducted between the different surface properties such as roughness and wettability. Results Tarsus morphology At its

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• (typically above 90 °C) results in the aggregation of the material due to restacking of the hydrophobic rGO layers [34][35]. This is a drawback in the preparation of rGO nanocomposites because phase segregation and/or composition heterogeneity will occur in the final materials. Although it is well known that

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• hydrophobic in nature, due to a presence of oleic acid on its surface, which was removed by adding EDTA. The synthesized particles are of an average size of 300 nm. Experimental setup for temperature measurements in an electrospray jet An experimental setup for temperature measurement in an electrospray