New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• interesting both from stability and surface area aspects. Pollutant removal from aqueous solutions Removal of 4-nitrophenol We have previously reported that a first-generation HYCA material prepared via a low-temperature calcination process in air very efficiently adsorbs cationic pollutants such as Pb2+, Cd2

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• states and VB/CB” (valence band/conduction band) “by adjusting the position of bandgap to obtain an optimized narrow value” [23]. Thus, using a solution-based single-source precursor (Er-doped KSnF3), oxygen-vacancy-rich nanocrystals of co-doped Er and F SnO2 were obtained at low temperature with an

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• the three missing atoms at low temperature (4.89 K) with AFM using an STM/AFM setup they developed [7]. However, not all of the six carbon atoms could be observed with STM in that study. In this work, using a simultaneous STM/AFM working with sub-angstrom oscillation amplitudes we intended to gain

• topography corresponds to the middle of the two C atoms. The observation of STM topography maxima between a-type and b-type carbon atoms in HOPG is predicted to be possible in the work by Teobaldi and co-workers [38]. Upon obtaining remarkable contrast variations with the bias voltage in low-temperature STM

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• between them, graphene oxide reduction was performed at diluted conditions with hydrazine at low temperature (see Experimental section). The resulting dispersions of rGO-25 and rGO/PANI nanocomposites are remarkably stable (see Supporting Information File 1), more so than sample rGO-80. This indicates

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

• Sherif Okeil and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

• at low temperature in the gas phase, which can strongly interact with the exposed surface leading to distinct physical and chemical changes [63][76]. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the influence of different kinds of rf plasmas on the surface of thin silver films, which are important

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• epitaxy, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition), or by wet-chemical processes (e.g., the hydrothermal method, electrochemical deposition) [4]. The hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs is a relatively simple, versatile and low temperature process [5]. ZnO NRs are used in gas sensors

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• underlines the need to develop high-performance catalysts for CH4 oxidation at low temperature. Except as fuel in natural gas, much of the CH4 that is released is from industrial applications, such as ventilation air methane (VAM) from underground coal mining. This is a serious issue because CH4 has severe

• global warming effects, around 25 times greater than that of carbon dioxide (CO2). For a more efficient use of natural gas and to minimize the direct emission of CH4, the catalytic oxidation of CH4 at low temperature has been investigated extensively over the last decades [5][6][7][8]. Noble metals have

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• of conducting holes [1][3]. To reach high values of the Curie temperature, Tc, materials with high Mn concentration are required, which can be achieved by using non-equilibrium growth methods, such as low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. Thus, the solubility limit of Mn in Ga1−xMnxAs can be

Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer

• Vilgelmina Stepkova and
• Jiří Hlinka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2356–2360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.220

• its the edges along the principal pseudocubic crystallograpic axes (see Figure 8). The BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire model potential parameters used in the present calculations are those of [12], except for the temperature parameter, which was set to 118 K here (low temperature is

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• [71]. The cells with such modified MASnI3 absorbers showed a PCE of 6.63% (Table 1) with a relatively high FF of ≈64% (Figure 4a). High-quality MASnI3 films yielding a PCE of 1.86% were prepared using a low-temperature vapor-assisted deposition [115]. The stability of MASnI3- and CsSnI3-based solar

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• -magnon scattering is also discussed. The AF-induced interfacial damping parameter is derived by studying the evolution of damping with inverse CoFeB thickness. The static magnetic measurements also reveal the interlayer exchange coupling across the IrMn layer both at room temperature and low temperature

• . The asymmetric hysteresis loop and training effect observed at low temperature is related to the presence of a metastable AF domain state. We show that both the static and dynamic magnetic properties of trilayer films can be adjusted over a wide range by changing the thickness of the IrMn spacer layer

• the similar trend for Hk since both coercivity and anisotropy are correlated with each other as suggested by Hoffmann [55]. At a low temperature of 10 K reached after both zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) procedures from RT, the top and bottom CoFeB layers are still magnetically coupled

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• . Yb-doped In2O3 NTs show a response of 2.4 toward 100 ppb of formaldehyde [213]. Mg-doped In2O3 NTs exhibit a high response at low temperature (150 °C). Pure and Mg-doped In2O3 NTs have an average diameter of 80 nm. The smooth surface of In2O3 NTs becomes coarser with doping of Mg. Mg doping

• and recovery time of 2 mol % W-doped NiO NTs is 178 s and 152 s, respectively. Thus, W-doped NiO NTs can successfully detect low concentrations (15 ppm) of xylene with a response of 2.17 [220]. Pd-doped TiO2 NFs (average diameter 250 nm) show high sensitivity to NO2 at a relatively low temperature of

• /SnO2 mixed NFs show response time/recovery times of 1/305 s [224]. In2O3-CeO2 NTs synthesized by electrospinning exhibit an excellent response toward H2S at low temperature (25–110 °C) and to acetone at relatively high temperature (300 °C) [225]. The outer diameter and wall thickness are tuned in the

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

• André Giese,
• Sebastian Schipporeit,
• Volker Buck and
• Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

• different morphologies were deposited. Four main morphological types were identified by SEM analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown how the combination of substrate temperature and bias voltage determines the resulting morphology. Low temperature and low bias voltage lead to carbon rods. Successively

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• and structural materials. In a 1962 publication, theoretical justification was given for the use of low (negative) temperatures for studying the mechanisms behind chemical processes and the peculiarities of reaction kinetics in the low-temperature region in order to improve the synthesis of ultra

• possible for compact states [5][6][7]. Most often, aqueous solutions are used; however, solutions in organic solvents (e.g., acetic acid, benzene, tert-butanol, and toluene) can also be used when reasonable equilibrium pressure is applied in the solid state at low temperature. The low solubility of many

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• (TiO2-400) calcined at a relatively low temperature (400 °C) had a large adsorption capacity in the range of monolayer adsorption (0.1 < P/P0 < 0.25), which indicated highly porous structures with a large BET surface area. However, the amount of monolayer adsorption of the TiO2 samples continuously

• approximately −40, −23.8 and −24.9 mV nm for TiO2-350, TiO2-500, and TiO2-800, respectively. It means that the TiO2 sample calcined at low temperature (350 °C) should have a relatively large amount of surface OH groups. Once the calcination temperature is higher than a certain point (e.g., 500 °C), the zeta

A zero-dimensional topologically nontrivial state in a superconducting quantum dot

• Pasquale Marra,
• Alessandro Braggio and
• Roberta Citro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1705–1714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.162

• coincides with the magnitude of the discontinuous drop Ic = |ΔI| (dots in the figures). Hence, a measure of the critical current at low temperature can be used to indirectly probe the magnitude of the discontinuous drop and the existence of topological phase transitions and zero-energy modes even when a

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• versatile, due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and low-temperature synthesis. The resulting product is a material with high homogeneity and controllable morphology [8][41][42]. During the sol–gel process, initial hydrolysis of the precursor (e.g., titanium tetrachloride, titanium alkoxides) is

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• Kandiel et al. [25]. This band gap value is smaller than that of 3.2 eV for bulk anatase TiO2 [27]. Chakraborty et al. also reported that the absorption band edge of the pure TiO2(B) is located at a relatively longer wavelength compared to that of the pure anatase TiO2 [21]. The low temperature nitrogen

• spectra were examined using a UV–vis near-infrared spectrometer (UV-3150, Shimadzu). The low temperature nitrogen sorption measurement was conducted at 77 K using a Nova 3000e (Quantachrome Instruments, USA) with Quantachrome V11.0 software. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) approach using adsorption data

• Information Supporting Information File 100: Additional FESEM images, low-temperature N2 adsorption isotherms and photodegradation results to support the discussion. Acknowledgements We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51502065) and State Key

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• , which allows for completely N-free silicon oxide. In this work, we investigate the properties of B- and P-incorporating Si NCs embedded in pure silicon oxide compared to silicon oxynitride by atom probe tomography (APT), low-temperature photoluminescence (PL), transient transmission (TT), and current

• electron microscope. PL was measured using a LN2-cooled CCD camera attached to a single grating monochromator with excitation of a HeCd laser (325 nm line). Low-temperature PL spectra were measured from 5 to 300 K using a single-window continuous-flow liquid-He cryostat. TT-dynamics were measured in a

• low-temperature PL measurements of successfully, electronically doped Si NCs: (i) an increase in the PL-intensity as soon as free carriers are frozen out, accompanied by (ii) a spectral redshift due to the circumstance that within the NC-size ensemble the largest NCs are more easily doped than the

Artifacts in time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Sascha Sadewasser,
• Nicoleta Nicoara and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1272–1281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.119

• approach (pp-KPFM) was used to measure the charge-carrier dynamics with a time resolution of 2 μs in pentacene-based OFETs [28][29]. Similarly, light-based pp-KPFM was used to measure a charge carrier lifetime in low-temperature grown GaAs of ≈1 ps, currently the best time-resolution that has been

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

• Alexei Khomenko,
• Miroslav Zakharov,
• Denis Boyko and
• Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

• experience during sliding. These are usually denoted as thermally activated, stress-aided, processes. At low temperature the friction force may decrease with decreasing temperature. This is due to the fact that thermal excitations (thermally excited fluctuations) are necessary in order for the particle to

• “find” configurations of large binding energy along the sliding path. As a result, at low temperature the interface will become more incommensurate, resulting in an interaction potential that exhibits a smaller energy corrugation along the sliding path and lower friction. Thus, we expect the friction

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• with a surface orientation defined by the substituents [20]. The self-assembly of manganese meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin on Cu(111) was studied using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to resolve molecular structures by Chen et al. [21]. A

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• . Rapid reactions occur between the active plasma species and catalyst precursors compared to the thermal decomposition technique. Therefore, this may encourage the rapid nucleation of the crystals under plasma treatment. The application of low temperature may result in slow crystal growth, which

• contributes to the production of a catalyst with a small particle size or high metal dispersion. Furthermore, plasma treatment has been proven to show superb performance in surface treatment and modification. Moreover, this technique is able to efficiently decompose precursors at low temperature. Greater

• on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the catalyst was of a good composition, given that the DRM process could be performed within the low temperature range of 430 °C to 470 °C. The catalyst was stable for up to 100.5 h without carbon deposition. García-Diéguez et al. [19] developed a Ni–Mg active metal

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• . Without post-calcination at 500 °C, the photocurrent density is negligible. The photoresponse was similarly negligible for the deposition temperature of 300 °C (data not shown). Only after calcination at 500 °C will the low-temperature-grown films become photoactive, where the photocurrent onset was

• ). These TiO2 films exhibit the photocurrent onset at around –0.3 V but there is no plateau at larger potentials. Instead, the photocurrent increases monotonically with the applied potential. The effect of post-calcination is opposite compared to the low-temperature films deposited at 150 °C (cf. Figure 1a

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

• Susann Liedtke,
• Christoph Grüner,
• Jürgen W. Gerlach and
• Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

• deposition geometry at a substrate temperature of 77 K and at elevated temperatures. All tilted columns deposited at 77 K substrate temperature develop as high aspect ratio columns and therefore show a similar overall morphology. It is found that in this low temperature regime growth is dominated by