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Search for "membrane" in Full Text gives 552 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94
- technologies have been proposed to remove organic pollutants from water, including coagulation coupled with sedimentation, biological processes, membrane filtration, adsorption, advanced oxidation, catalysis, and photocatalysis [1][2][3]. Using semiconductors as photocatalysts has been a widely studied
Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92
- , osteoblasts generate a membrane that includes alkaline phosphatase, which cleaves phosphatase groups and causes calcium and phosphate precipitation, resulting in the formation of natural bone minerals with a ratio of 1.67 [27]. Osteoblasts have been predominantly derived from mesenchymal stem cells, which
- nanofibrous structures imitating the native extracellular matrix. The potential use of this membrane for tissue engineering applications was demonstrated by using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The cell viability of the chitosan scaffolds with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of graphene oxide content was
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- [1]. The plant cuticle is a thin extracellular membrane superimposed on the epidermal cells of all higher, non-woody, aboveground plant surfaces. It is basically composed of an insoluble polymeric matrix, cutin, and soluble hydrophobic waxes. The plant cuticle is known to have a variety of vital
Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81
- biological functions, including embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue integrity, immune response, and inflammation. Integrins consist of two subunits, α- and β- chains, spanning the cell membrane and forming the receptor in the plasma membrane, characterized by noncovalent interactions [10]. Integrins bind to
- cells utilize a variety of extracellular structures such as flagella, pili, fimbriae, and curli fibres, as well as outer membrane proteins to attach to almost every surface [50][76]. During the reversible attachment phase of bacterial biofilm formation, surface pre-conditioning occurs due to soluble
- and promotes their attachment to the bacterial surface/membrane residues [85]. HDPs have properties of cell-penetrating peptides and can translocate across membranes of prokaryotic, but also eukaryotic, cells [90]. The main mode of action of these peptides is promotion of adhesion through the cationic
DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78
- in a sentinel monkey [3]. As with other Flaviviridae members, ZIKV has a single-stranded RNA genome and three structural proteins, namely capsid, pre-membrane, and envelope, building the capsid, and seven non-structural (NS) proteins, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5, involved in virus
Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75
- for testing. Six test positions were selected, namely the anterior of the costal (I), the end of the costal (II), media posterior (III), cubitus anterior (IV), anal posterior (V), and wing membrane (VI) (see below Figure 3). A force of 100 μN was applied to the veins and the loading rate and holding
- of the costal) and were 6.530, 7.652, and 6.645 GPa for P. brevitarsis, A. chinensis, and T. dichotomus, respectively. The higher Er helps the beetle to resist external forces and prevents wing damage [43]. The values of Er and hardness H of cubitus anterior, anal posterior, and wing membrane were
- ) and (B2), and (C1) and C2 show the extended and folded hind wings of P. brevitarsis, A. chinensis, and T. dichotomus, respectively. (A3–A7), (B3–B7), and (C3–C7) show cross-sectional morphologies of costal “C”, media posterior “MP”, the posterior end of “C”, wing membrane, and anal posterior “AP” of
Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71
- abaxial side of the ligule (a membrane on the adaxial side of the junction of the leaf sheath and leaf blade); and (ii) generative organs, namely the pedicel (a stalk of a single spikelet (collection of flowers (florets) in a grass inflorescence)) and the abaxial surface of the outer, lower glume (a bract
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- stiffer particles is explained by a lower energy needed to engulf them as demonstrated by coarse grain simulations [6]. The simulations showed a faster receptor binding for more deformable particles due to the larger surface area upon deformation. However, when it comes to membrane wrapping and
- ]. Contrarily, nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer with cores of different crosslinking extent showed higher uptake of softer particles in MCF-7 cells, which was thought to be due to a melting process of particles with the cell membrane that consumed less energy than endocytosis [8]. Regarding the in vivo
A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65
- activities at the electrode surface, potentially leading to the fabrication of nonenzymatic electrochemical nanosensors for detecting specific OPs on the electroactive surface [2][11][17][18][19]. For example, electrochemical sensing platforms modified with zirconia-embedded PEDOT membrane, graphene
Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O2 batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61
- deionized water by horn sonication for 1 h. The suspension was filtered through a glass-fiber membrane (pore diameter of 1.2 μm) without any polymeric binder and conductive agent. The active area and mass loading of the cathode were 0.785 cm2 and 1.0 mg·cm−2, respectively. Porous Ni foam was placed on the
Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56
- bacterial cell membrane and inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and DNA [15]. Chu et al. [16] reported that BBR showed no antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the range of concentrations from 1 to 64 µg/mL. However, inhibition of MRSA biofilm formation was
- ratio facilitate interaction and absorption onto the bacterial cell membrane given the benefit of nanoscale size. According to previous studies, BBR can penetrate the phospholipid bilayers and then accumulate in the MRSA cell membrane, in which unsaturated fatty acids are the target of BBR-induced
A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51
- Figure 5g and points out that, on average, the nanoparticles are in the natural orientation, that is, the c-axis is close to the c-membrane plane. Starting from the c/a and b/a axis distributions provided by Magn3t, the demagnetization factors and the shape anisotropy energy [33][34] have been evaluated
Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47
- exhibit greater flexibility [26]. The morphological imaging on the micro-/nanoscale of the cell membrane in extracellular environments with different stiffness values is shown in Figure 3c. The leading edge of the PC-3 cell membrane on stiff substrates is prominent, with a more pronounced ridge-like
- imaging of the cell membrane. We observed that prostate cancer cells exhibit a strong migration ability by sensing changes in the extracellular environment through actin polymerization and filamentous pseudopods. This is because the role of actin polymerisation in cell adhesion structure formation
- lower compartment of the transwell chamber had culture medium supplemented with serum. After incubation for 24 h, cells in the upper wells that did not invade were gently removed with cotton swabs. Cells that had passed through the membrane to the lower surface were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15
Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46
- (–NH2), and carboxyl (–COOH) groups [11][12][13][14]. The surface of GNPs can be easily modified with good stability. Thus, they can penetrate the cell membrane and selectively interact with target biomolecules in cells [15][16][17][18]. So far, a variety of functionalized GNPs, whose properties were
Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41
- peroxides and free oxygen radicals increase. Damage to phospholipids, which contain large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to degradation by hydroxyl radicals, deteriorates the structure of the cell membrane [3]. Antioxidants are compounds that capture and stabilize free radicals and
- hydroethanolic solution (30% v/v) and ethosomal formulations were not toxic to the cells and can be safely used. It has been stated in many studies that ETHs and other phospholipid-based carrier systems were not cytotoxic due to their similarity to the cell membrane structure. For our active substance EGCG, the
- compared to the orally administered groups. In vivo study data also highlighted the improved antioxidant effect of green tea extract with transdermal application. The results support our findings that the ethosomal formulations are successful in penetrating the lipid-rich biological membrane [39
The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36
- these, proton-conducting solid materials show significant potential in the development of novel membranes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, PEM electrolyzers, and for humidity sensors [5][6][7]. The goal is to overcome the restrictions of state-of-the-art proton-conducting membrane
Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33
- : biomimetics; cuticle; locust; material properties; mechanical testing; nanoindentation; water content; Introduction Cuticle is a lightweight material that forms the whole exoskeleton of insects, from the flexible intersegmental membrane to the stiff jaws and claws. Cuticle of each insect body part has
Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32
- was more than 50 times. The combination of flexible valves and PDMS microchannels optimizes the optical transparency and durability of microvalves. A pneumatically coupled graphene membrane pump was designed by Davidovikj et al. [78], which is selectively permeable to gases in a controllable way, as
- shown in Figure 9. The dumbbell-shape chamber consists of a narrow trench connecting two circular cavities, both of which are covered by few-layer graphene. Local electrodes at the bottom of each cavity allow to drive each graphene membrane individually, changing the pressure of the chamber through a
Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26
- methods of MOF membrane preparation require multiple steps and high-pressure conditions. In this study, a reliable one-step interfacial synthesis method under atmospheric pressure has been developed to prepare zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes supported on porous α-Al2O3 disks. To obtain
- natural gas) with high efficiency is needed. Membrane-based separation offers a great potential for online CO2 sequestration in view of its high energy efficiency, small carbon footprint, and competitive cost compared to traditional separation processes, such as distillation and adsorption [5]. The
- current membrane separation market in chemical engineering is dominated by polymeric membranes because of their low cost, ease of production, and mechanical flexibility [6][7][8][9]. However, applications of polymeric membranes in the separation processes are limited by their short lifetime and inferior
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- photocatalytic reaction, as a result of which anatase has been found to have the highest antimicrobial activity among all crystal structures of TiO2 [79]. The mechanisms of titania-induced biocidal activity are mostly by an oxidative attack on the outer/inner cell membrane of the microorganism, as well as
- insertion into the inner membrane, for precise mitochondria-targeted cancer treatment as presented in Figure 8B. The efficiency of G-TiO2−x-TPP was scrutinized in mice having HeLa tumors, and the results showed excellent mitochondria-targeting potential and strong phototherapeutic efficacy under a single
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
- functional specific nanosized additives to be used in various water remediation membrane techniques. The adsorption, filtration, photocatalytic, and bactericidal capabilities of the hybrid membranes in removing common major water pollutants such as metal ions, dyes, oils, and biological pollutants have been
- discussed. Finally, an outlook on the future research pathways to fill the gaps existing in water remediation have been suggested. Keywords: electrospinning; environmental remediation; membrane technologies; nanohybrids; water purification; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology is a technique that exploits
- fiber functionalization through blending the functionalizing material with the polymer prior to electrospinning, post-spinning surface functionalization, or the use of a coaxial electrospinning setup make electrospinning a superior technique for membrane fabrication [2]. The smaller size endows the
Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8
- process for human blood products is so safe that random testing of the products is sufficient. By adopting this principle, each batch is be tested, but not every single product. Endotoxins or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is another important point regarding
- . Especially the chelation of Mg2+ results in a destabilization of the negative charges of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria [45]. The cells thus become permeable. This effect can be exploited to make the cells more receptive to antibiotics, biocides, or other substances [28][52]. Depending on the
- concentration of EDTA and the bacterial strain, there is a release of membrane components, proteins, and finally cell lysis [53][54][55]. The treatment of Gram-negative cells with EDTA can lead to a release of up to 50% of the LPS from the cell wall of a bacterium [56][57]. These effects have been demonstrated
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- agreement with the spectroscopic data (Figure 2b). Cells treated with free bPEI show a very weak optical signal in the cytoplasm, as expected (Figure 4c1–c3). In addition, significant morphological changes were observed in these cells due to the cytotoxic effect of bPEI on the cytoplasmic membrane and the
- pathways do not necessarily involve traffic to lysosomes, it can yield a better transfection efficiency [65]. Indeed, it was shown that both unmodified branched and linear PEI polyplexes could damage plasma membranes, resulting in a rapid redistribution of phosphatidylserine from the inner plasma membrane
Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4
- external pressure. In the case of the crumpled graphene layer, we see a larger indentation depth compared to the flat graphene layer (Figure 7). The tip has more freedom to sink inside the material when the graphene sheet is crumpled (membrane buckling and elasticity) than in the case of flat graphene
- (stiff membrane). Figure 8 shows the cross section of the density under the tip at the end of the indentation process. We can see regular lines of high density right below the graphene layer, which indicate a local reorganisation of the polymer chains. The graphene layer, especially the flat sheet, is
Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102
- permeation membrane, as oxygen sensor material, or for the use in solid oxide fuel cell components [1][5][6]. Apart from this, ceria is also widely employed as a catalyst in the middle- to low-temperature regime (20–400 °C) [7][8][9], making ceria-based dual-phase materials with a second electron-conductive
- spinel or perovskite phase applicable in membrane reactors for partial oxidation reactions. Dual-phase membranes with FeCo2O4, or its iron-rich pendant Fe2CoO4, and Gd-doped ceria as an ion conductor have already been successfully applied as oxygen permeation membranes with high permeability in the
- depends on the ceria/spinel ratio, has recently been discussed [16]. Current research efforts are aiming to improve the composition and microstructure of a dual-phase membrane with similar composition for application in a membrane reactor at considerably lower temperatures (below 600 °C) to perform
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