Optical absorption signature of a self-assembled dye monolayer on graphene

• Tessnim Sghaier,
• Sylvain Le Liepvre,
• Céline Fiorini,
• Ludovic Douillard and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 862–868, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78

• transferred onto transparent PET and fused silica samples were purchased from Megan-Technologies (Poland) and Graphenea (Spain), respectively. Both have been transferred from their copper CVD substrate using the standard PMMA technique [42]. The CVD graphene is polycrystalline, with typically 1 µm sized 2D

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• spherical masks for the production of magnetic antidot lattices. In magnetic antidot films, the nanoscale periodic structure of holes introduces an in-plane shape anisotropy to the otherwise isotropic in-plane properties of polycrystalline or amorphous thin films. Additionally, the holes may act as

• constants (MS = 1.7 MA m−1, exchange constant 21 pJ m−1, cubic anisotropy 48 kJ m−3). We account for the polycrystalline Fe film by setting random anisotropy axes in the grains of 10 × 10 × 20 nm3. The angle of the magnetisation vectors of neighbouring cells is controlled by a reasonable small mesh size (2

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• to previous reports [46][47][88] in a low resolution study on polycrystalline Pd with components at 162.1 eV (or 162.3 eV) and 162.9 eV (or 163.2 eV). It was suggested [88] that the thiolate CLBE has the higher binding energy, whereas the lower one corresponds to the sulfide phase; although in many

• at room temperatures it was close to 161 eV. Thus there exist rather different accounts on thiophene adsorption on Au. Studies of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and its derivatives [62] (Figure 6a) on polycrystalline Au, Au(111) and Au nanoparticle (AuNP) surfaces from vapor phase and solution has

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• coming from the gas source to diffuse into the metal. The process is very difficult to control, and especially so in polycrystalline metals where the grain boundaries act as nucleation sites for multilayer growth [141]. For this reason, single crystal and atomically smooth metals are usually preferred to

• quality. In fact, the graphene produced is mostly polycrystalline with aperiodic heptagon/pentagon pairs [143] or overlapped bilayer regions [144] at the grain boundaries (Figure 22b). It has also been demonstrated that the presence of grain boundaries can reduce the mechanical and electrical properties

Single-molecule magnet behavior in 2,2’-bipyrimidine-bridged dilanthanide complexes

• Wen Yu,
• Frank Schramm,
• Eufemio Moreno Pineda,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Jinjie Chen,
• Hironari Isshiki,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 126–137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.15

• ]. Magnetic properties Static susceptibility measurements. The static magnetic behavior for all complexes was investigated on polycrystalline samples from 2 to 300 K under an applied DC magnetic field (H) of 1 kOe, whilst magnetization as a function of applied field was investigated in the field and

Large area scanning probe microscope in ultra-high vacuum demonstrated for electrostatic force measurements on high-voltage devices

• Urs Gysin,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Thomas Schmölzer,
• Adolf Schöner,
• Sergey Reshanov,
• Holger Bartolf and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2485–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.258

• the CPD reflects the unperturbed work function values as presented in Figure 5d. The difference in the CPD between copper and chromium is about 0.7 V, while the work function of the chromium grain is reduced to approximately ΦCr = 3.9 eV and the one for the polycrystalline copper to ΦCu = 4.6 eV. Both

• eddy current damping system to suppress vertical vibrations. In panel a, a CAD image is illustrated, whereas panel b shows a photography of the microscope. A chromium grain embedded in a polycrystalline copper alloy. a) Measured with a confocal laser microscope. b) Topography and c) KPFM image of the

Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217

• self-assembly is of great significance in order to understand the self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared under an external magnetic field. Conclusion Under an external magnetic field, polycrystalline nickel nanowires were synthesized by a chemical reduction method. Further studies indicated

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

Focused particle beam-induced processing

• Michael Huth and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1883–1885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.191

• well as the secondary and backscattered) electrons of the focused beam dissociate the precursor adsorbate, a permanent deposit is formed. Depending on the precursor and other process parameters, amorphous, nanogranular, nanocrystalline or polycrystalline nanostructures are obtained. Their position and

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• atom chains [12]. Graphene and related materials such as nanotubes, polycrystalline nanoparticles [13] and carbon onions [14] have seen significant progress in preparing samples of reasonable size and quality [15] and form a worldwide actively pursued field of research on understanding and modifying

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• polycrystalline morphology with defects such as grain boundaries [62][63] and therefore suffers from a degradation of its physical properties. Characterization of the intrinsic defects and their further relation to the synthesis conditions, e.g., substrate lattice mismatch and annealing temperature is therefore

Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

• on a line deposit from Cu(hfac)2 shown in Figure 2. a) STEM high angle annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) image of Cu nanocrystals forming from the deposit material. b) HAADF image showing distribution of Cu nanocrystals. c) High-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) image of 15 nm sized polycrystalline Cu

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• direction, kppd approaches kppd,eq and Equation 15 reduces to the conventional Shockley equation with ideality factor n = 1. Disorder and polycrystalline structure have a strong impact on the electrical transport in organic junctions, since the polarons can be trapped at defects. Consequently, the absolute

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• of rather polycrystalline particles. This was especially clearly observed when larger particles were grown and can be expected from the synthesis. The existence of interfaces between separate crystallites inside each particle can be the reason for a faster oxidation process. Such a scenario is in

• good agreement with the speculation that polycrystallinity causes the presence of grain boundaries, which significantly influences the stability/susceptibility to the oxide. On the other hand, in the case of polycrystalline particles, their structure is also less dense and oxygen can penetrate more

Scalable, high performance, enzymatic cathodes based on nanoimprint lithography

• Dmitry Pankratov,
• Richard Sundberg,
• Javier Sotres,
• Dmitry B. Suyatin,
• Ivan Maximov,
• Sergey Shleev and
• Lars Montelius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1377–1384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.142

• suppressed the current, suggesting the formation of enzyme multilayers. These results are in good agreement with our recent report concerning the interfacial behaviour and activity of BOx immobilised on bare polycrystalline gold surfaces [20]. Thirdly, standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants

The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Ryusuke Nakamura and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1348–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.139

• holder, allowing heating of the specimen at high temperature under an oxygen flow. Additionally, as far as we are aware, there are no comparative studies on the Kirkendall effect in monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials. Another perspective which deserves to be pointed out is the TEM 3D

Influence of the shape and surface oxidation in the magnetization reversal of thin iron nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Lorenz Deen,
• Rosa Córdoba,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• Bert Koopmans and
• José M. De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1319–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.136

• producing the magnetization reversal. Most of magnetic devices work by producing a voltage output when the magnetization reversal occurs. In the case of cobalt deposits, it was previously found that the coercive field is governed by shape anisotropy [24] due to the polycrystalline microstructure [25], and

• . All results shown in Figure 2 correspond to the average of more than 100 hysteresis loops. Given the sharp switching transitions observed, a high level of reproducibility can be inferred. The observed decrease of HC with the width was also observed in polycrystalline cobalt nanowires grown by FEBID

• the actual geometry of the Fe nanowires of batch 2. The GPMagnet software package [42] was used to perform the simulations employing the following magnetic parameters for polycrystalline pure iron [43]: saturation magnetization = 1.7 × 106 A/m, exchange constant = 2.1 × 10−11 J/m, anisotropy constant

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• SNWs, depending on the I–V history. A single measurement with a sudden current burst leads to a polycrystalline FCC Co structure extended over the whole wire. Repeated measurements at increasing currents produce wires with a split structure: one half is polycrystalline FCC Co and the other half is

• measurements is reported in Figure 3. The bright-field image of SNW 1 is completely changed from the grainy structure observed after deposition. Now it has the typical appearance of a polycrystalline material, with regions of well-defined contrast extending for tens of nanometers along the wire, and separated

• opaque portion on the left is polycrystalline cobalt while the transparent region on the right is graphitized carbon. The SAED pattern taken on the big central grain (55 nm wide and 65 nm long, blue circled), after a tilt of the sample, is shown in the upper panel. The spots arranged in a diamond lattice

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• patterns of two samples. All the diffraction peaks could be indexed to the standard perovskite phase of SrTiO3 (JCPDS No. 35-0734) [25] without any indication of other impurity phases. Both samples show a polycrystalline structure, while the peaks of the V-doped SrTiO3 nanofibers are stronger and

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• TEM image of one of the wires corresponding to the same array as the wires in Figure 2d. The figure reveals the polycrystalline structure of our wires. To investigate the symmetry of the created nanostructures, the histogram in Figure 2e shows for about 60 nanowires the ratio between the lengths L1

Preparation of Ni/Cu composite nanowires

• Hu Wang,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Ming Li,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1268–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.130

• from the Figure 3b, which further confirmed that the copper grains are not simply attached to the surface of Ni nanowires. Conclusion Polycrystalline Ni/Cu composite nanowires of approximately 200 nm in diameter and 80 µm in length were synthesized for the first time through a new method combining the

• self-assembly of nickel particles under an external magnetic field and the reduction of Cu2+ on the surface of prepared nickel nanowires. It is found that an external magnetic field can make nickel particles self-assemble in one dimension, leading to the formation of polycrystalline nickel nanowires

Nano-contact microscopy of supracrystals

• Adam Sweetman,
• Nicolas Goubet,
• Ioannis Lekkas,
• Marie Paule Pileni and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1229–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.126

• changes during scanning. As such, we cannot assume a priori that a simple single atom “point-like” contact is responsible for the observed contrast. Finally, the supracrystal is composed of a mixture of single domain and polycrystalline nanocrystals [40], complicating the analysis of the DFM images. We

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM showed that the nanoparticles were nearly monodisperse, quasi-spherical, polycrystalline, and had a uniform diameter

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• carbon. Thus, in the course of the reaction, carbon is partially removed from the deposit causing a reduction of the deposit thickness. The magnetic behavior of the thin polycrystalline Co stripe A is dominated not by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, but rather by the shape anisotropy causing the

Fabrication of high-resolution nanostructures of complex geometry by the single-spot nanolithography method

• Alexander Samardak,
• Margarita Anisimova,
• Aleksei Samardak and
• Alexey Ognev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 976–986, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.101

• outer edges vary significantly. In the case of a monocrystalline Si substrate, the ring has a sharp edge with a small resist undercut (Figure 1a). As seen in Figure 1b, exposure of the resist on the polycrystalline Au film leads to a deep undercut and rough edges after development. The physics behind

• substrates, respectively. As seen in Figure 6, the use of a polycrystalline conductive substrate, such as bulk Si coated with a thin Au film, gives the advantage of fabrication of rings with an outer diameter of less than 1 µm due to the saturation effect caused by a partial absorption of electrons in the

• carbonized resist for both substrates (Figure 7d,h). A few examples of nanostructures with a line width ranging from 10–30 nm patterned on Si and Au-coated substrates are shown in Figure 8. Patterns having the same resolution can be produced on monocrystalline Si and polycrystalline Au substrates, but at