Graphynes: an alternative lightweight solution for shock protection

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Aimin Ji,
• Jianli Shao,
• Yuantong Gu and
• Zhiyong Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.154

• of the absorbed light is tunable by structural modifications of GY (e.g., through increasing the length of the GY chains) [10]. GYs can also be used as Li accommodator in battery anodes, which increases service life and safety of batteries. Under biaxial tensile strain, GY accommodates more Li

• ][13][14]. Based on in silico molecular dynamics (MD) tensile tests, the recorded failure strength values for different types of GYs range between 32.48 and 63.17 GPa [2][15][16]. According to a first-principle study, the failure strain of GY reaches 20% [17]. A high Young’s modulus of 532.5 GPa is

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• properties of the bionanocomposite materials were evaluated in stress–strain measurements (Figure S5, Supporting Information File 1), analysing the influence of the nanofiller content on the elastic behaviour as it has been described in related biopolymer-based nanocomposites [26]. The results show that the

Angle-dependent structural colors in a nanoscale-grating photonic crystal fabricated by reverse nanoimprint technology

• Xu Zheng,
• Qing Wang,
• Jinjin Luan,
• Yao Li,
• Ning Wang and
• Rui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1211–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.120

• ][17][18][19]. Duempelmann et al. fabricated asymmetric periodic nanostructures to explore the effects of the optical properties on the structural color [20]. Then, they used the photonic crystal as a strain sensor by mechanically changing the structural period to achieve the different structural

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• with increasing current densities as shown for spectrum C is similar to what we recently observed analyzing single-NW spots in top-view EL maps of a comparably processed NW-ensemble LED [7]. By modeling strain, electric field, and charge carrier density inside the active region of a single-NW LED, it

• ionized donors and acceptors in the adjacent doped segments and by the non-uniform strain distribution along the active region, respectively. Also in the case of NW C in Figure 3, the comparatively strong shift of emission line 1 for currents up to 100 nA suggests the presence of strong polarization

• driving current of 100 nA. The width follows a linear decrease from about 380 to 130 meV. This trend may be explained by a higher local fluctuation of the material composition and a more inhomogeneous strain distribution within the insertions due to an increase in In content [13][14]. Also for (In,Ga)N

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• Paris Cité, LSPM CNRS UPR-3407, 99, Av. J. B. Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France 10.3762/bjnano.10.116 Abstract Background: In extrinsically magnetoelectric materials made of two components, the direct magnetoelectric coupling arises from a mechanical strain transmission at the interface due to the

• magnetometry. To measure the magnetostrictive response of the particles, the particles were sintered to dense pellets on which strain gauges were bonded, measuring the size variation radially, as a function of a dc magnetic field. Findings: We found two samples, the first one being stoichiometric and

• viewpoint paper about the current limits of such nanostructures [4]. In these materials, the ME coupling arises from a mechanical transmission of strain originating from the shape change of the magnetostrictive component under an external magnetic field, or of the piezoelectric component under an external

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• changes in the Raman spectra with Sr content in the lattice are noticeable. Most importantly, a clear softening in the Raman modes is observed, which suggests that the predominant effect of the Sr substitution is to reduce the strain in the lattice due to the reduced charge transfer between the layers

• , and consequently, the lattice strain. It also appears that beyond an Sr content of ≈60 atom %, the MLC lattice becomes unstable and new modes >680 cm−1 appear, which is typical for metal oxides. DFT calculations of the pristine LaS–TaS2 and the SrxLa1−xS–TaS2 MLC bulk alloys were undertaken. Overall

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• modalities of sample preparation for nanoscale imaging include focused ion beam milling and microtome slicing. When the thickness of samples, especially soft biomaterials, is close to 100 nm the cutting tool might cause tear- and cut-induced strain below the surface. In turn, this can cause artifacts in the

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• conventional solid substrates conform to the specific object and efficiently extract the target molecules [13][14][15][16][17][18]. They can withstand a tensile strain of up to 30% without losing the SERS features [13]. These flexible substrates include materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [13][15] or

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• Molder, obtaining small-sized bars (33 × 8 × 2 mm). Such samples were scanned from −150 °C to 80 °C (heating rate 3 °C min−1, frequency 3 Hz, strain 0.01%). Results and Discussion Layered double hydroxide filler characterization The organo-modified Mg2Al LDH hybrid materials containing the levorotary

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• -domain EFM to measure ionic transport [7][12], time-resolved electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) to measure ionic transport [8][13], various time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques that utilize either optical pump-probe or advanced signal processing to measure time-resolved

Coexisting spin and Rabi oscillations at intermediate time regimes in electron transport through a photon cavity

• Vidar Gudmundsson,
• Hallmann Gestsson,
• Nzar Rauf Abdullah,
• Chi-Shung Tang,
• Andrei Manolescu and
• Valeriu Moldoveanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 606–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.61

• completely sure, but as the time scale for the system needed to attain the steady state shows, we are using a very weak coupling. We have weakened the coupling further, within what is reasonable, as the time scale then becomes even longer, resulting in strain in the numerical accuracy. However, we still see

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS₂ using in situ optical spectroscopy

• Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
• Yaxu Wei,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Daniel Kahr,
• Michael Hohage and
• Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

• molecule adsorption [22][23] as well as strain field [24]. These facts make optical spectroscopy a sensitive probe to monitor the surface kinetics involved during the growth of 2D TMDCs. Furthermore, the optical methods used in the visible range can be applied under various environments including vacuum

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, and α-synuclein fibrils: a coarse-grained method to complement experimental studies

• Adolfo B. Poma,
• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Mai Suan Li and
• Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 500–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.51

• coefficient n in the indentation curves measuring the force as a function of hn. We found n = 3/2 in the linear regime, which corresponds to the Hertzian theory [12]. Tensile deformation The experimental calculation of the stress–strain data at the nanoscale can be done by using optical tweezers (OT) [50

• tensile deformation, the fibril stretches from a reference length (L0) to L, and the strain is given by . The stress is defined by the total force acting on the springs ktop divided by the cross-sectional area, A, of the sample. This area is calculated as follows [53]: For a given set of Cartesian points

• , it determines the smallest convex polygon containing all the given points. Then, we monitor the elementary area of this polygon during the simulation [54]. From the stress–strain plot one can derive the corresponding tensile Young’s modulus, YL. Shear deformation The experimental techniques employed

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• 21500, P. R. China Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.10.47 Abstract A stable and highly sensitive graphene/hydrogel strain sensor is designed by introducing glycerol as a co-solvent in the formation of a hydrogel substrate and then

• casting a graphene solution onto the hydrogel in a simple, two-step method. This hydrogel-based strain sensor can effectively retain water in the polymer network due to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding between glycerol and water. The addition of glycerol not only enhances the stability of the

• sensor to be used in both stretching and bending modes. As a demonstration, the as-prepared strain sensor was applied to sense the movement of finger knuckles. Given the outstanding performance of this wearable sensor, together with the proposed scalable fabrication method, this stable and sensitive

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• operating at 120 kV. The mean aspect ratio of the AuNPs was calculated by measuring approximately 800 particles from 24 micrographs. A TE instruments DMA Q800 instrument was used for the mechanical analysis of the plastics using the stress/strain program with a force ramp rate of 1 N/min at isothermal (25

• °C) temperature. Four samples of the pure PVA and four samples of the AuNP–PVA materials were tested, where each sample was also flipped upside down and the stress/strain was recorded again. The average of the measurements was used in Figure 2c with the standard deviation shown as the error bar

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

• ) phenomenon [1]. The complex physics of manganite materials provides an opportunity to tune their electric and magnetic properties over a wide range by variation of chemical composition [2][3][4][5], film thickness [6][7] and nanostructure [8][9], as well as induced lattice strain [10][11][12]. The manganite

• of the film thickness for both deposition series (Figure 2e and inset). This effect is attributed to the reduction of the cell volume and appearance of strain in the films with the decrease of the film thickness, as was also observed by H. Baaziz and co-authors for La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 nanoparticles [21

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• ) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• problem is expected to persist in the coming decades if not quickly addressed [6]. For example, the Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 strain causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome [7] with serious consequences for the infected individuals. Unfortunately, many pathogens have

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• of deformation mechanisms of the substrate in the pull-off and sliding of our adhesives could be further investigated by varying the pull-off or sliding speed, since the strain rates of both substrate and adhesives are time dependent. Conclusion We used a facile, out-of-the-cleanroom method to

• was measured with a TA Instruments AG-2R rheometer. A parallel-plate geometry with a diameter of 25 mm was used. Storage and loss moduli were determined at a strain of 0.05%, for a frequency range from 1·10−1 to 1·102 rad/s, as can be seen in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S1 and Figure S2). We

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• × 500 μm × 10 μm) which bent as air flow hit the plate. While the plate received the drag force of the air flow, the cantilevers measured the drag force using platinum strain gauges. One variable resistor (strain gauge) on each of the two cantilevers and two fixed resistances on the sensor substrate

• × 100 μm × 0.7 μm) that demonstrated bidirectional sensitivity to nitrogen flow. Equipped with a 80 μm long nickel–chrome (80/20) piezoresistor (strain gauge), the artificial hair sensor was sensitive to nitrogen flow along both cantilever directions. However, the strain gauge resistance revealed an

• asymmetrical response behaviour. While the piezoresistance varied by around 0.44% in the forward flow direction (cantilever flattened), a curled-up cantilever varied only by 0.07% in the backward direction. Extending the cantilever and strain gauge length, Qualtieri et al. [45] characterized artificial hair

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• both identified foreign phases and unidentified reflexes in the range of 10 to 60° (2θ). Crystallinity (Xc) refers to the degree of structural order in a solid. It is a concept that integrates diffraction domain size, crystal strain and crystal defects. The crystallinity percentage of the samples was

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• , Austria 10.3762/bjnano.9.280 Abstract The mechanical strain response of nanoporous palladium (npPd) upon electrochemical hydrogenation using an in situ dilatometric technique is investigated. NpPd with an average ligament diameter of approximately 20 nm is produced via electrochemical dealloying. A

• in combination with the internal-stress plasticity mechanism leads to a peculiar strain response upon hydrogen sorption and desorption. Critical potentials for the formation of PdHα and PdHβ in npPd are determined. The theoretical concepts to assess the plastic strain response of nanoporous samples

• studies up to this point. This work focuses on the strain response of npPd upon hydrogenation and aims to shed light on the active deformation mechanisms. Results Electrochemical characterisation A typical strain response of npPd was measured using an in situ dilatometer setup during a cyclic voltammogram

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Eleonora M. Danilina and
• Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

• : the top with a GaAs strain-reducing layer; the bottom with a strained buffer layer (wetting layer) [15][16][17][18][19]. Thus, the simplified energy band diagram of the active region of an InAs/GaAs heterostructure is an InAs quantum dot built into a GaAs matrix in the form of a quantum well. It

• phonons of bulk-like GaAs (268 cm−1) and GaBi (182 cm−1) are also observed. This indicates a change in the selection rule under Raman scattering in the InAs/GaAs system caused by lattice strain during the incorporation of Bi into the GaAs matrix. In the spectra we can clearly see the longitudinal modes of

• shift of the GaAs-like and GaBi-like peaks to smaller wavenumbers. Due to decrease of lattice mismatch and, thus, less strain in the InAs/GaAs1−xBix heterointerface compared to InAs/GaAs, there is a Raman shift of the peaks of InAs/GaAs1−xBix heterostructures relative to the spectrum of the InAs/GaAs

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• properties of nanomaterials originate from the large surface-to-volume ratio and the local configuration of atoms [69]. The morphology of nanoparticles is defined by the contributions of the cohesive energy, the surface energy, the twinning energy, and the strain energy [88]. Based on the Wulff construction