Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• -AgNPs). UV–vis spectra exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 390 nm for Ag (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b). TEM imaging of the AgNP stock indicated a mean core size of 16.9 ± 0.3 nm and confirmed a spherical shape of NPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c and Figure S1d

• laser Doppler electrophoresis (Malvern Zetasizer NanoZS, MA, USA). The mean of at least three consecutive measurements was reported. DLS data for AgNPs in RPMI medium was not included because of the low concentrations used. Absorption spectra of PVP-AgNPs was recorded in triplicate over the wavelength

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• or cytoskeleton dynamics was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the uptake was verified by fluorescent microscopy. The uptake route of the tested MNPs differed depending on the surface coating. While BSA-SO-MNPs were internalized via CME, PEG-SO-MNPs were preferentially taken up

• three times that of BSA-SO-MNPs (281 nm vs 98 nm, respectively) due to absorption of serum proteins on the particle surface [40]. Although PEGylation decreases the protein absorption on the particle surface, it does not completely prevent it [41]. BSA is a component of serum proteins and commonly

• absorption spectrometry (AAS) AAS was adapted to quantify the internalized amount of MNPs. All samples were analyzed twice by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Fe. Cells were seeded on a Petri dish (100 mm diameter) at a density of 1 × 106 cells per plate. At 75% to 80% confluence, they were exposed

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• , serve to enhance the exchange of substances with the extracellular medium (through absorption and secretion) while filopodia are used to explore the environment of an adhering cell on a surface, especially if it exhibits some roughness or edges. Occasionally, we observed depression or hole features in

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• resonance (SPR) and generally have a broad absorption spectrum [83]. This enables applications in optoelectronics and surface-enhanced Raman scattering [84][85]. AgNPs were also applied effectively in solar cell matrices [32][86][87]. AgNPs can enhance the current density in solar cells due to their far

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Experimental Preparation of SAMs and CNMs NBPT was purchased from Taros Chemicals (Dortmund, Germany). Thermally evaporated Au films (300 nm) on mica supports (Georg Albert physical vapor deposition coatings) were used as substrates for the SAM preparation

• fluorescence signal in I. indicates that the functionalization was successful. (c) XPS spectra of the NBPT SAM (green), NBPT CNM (blue), and NBPT CNM after the NTA functionalization (red). (d) IRRAS spectrum of NBPT CNM after the first functionalization step. (e) UV–vis absorption spectrum of a c-His PM

• solution. The absorption peak at 570 nm indicates that BR is functional. (a–c) Large-area agglomerates of c-His PM forming an immobilized quasi-monolayer with only a few vacancies on a functionalized NBPT CNM. (d) The electrostatic potential of the area shown in (c) reveals a uniform orientation of c-His

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• turn generate oscillating dipoles in an adjacent body. The response of a specific material in an oscillating electromagnetic field E(f) is described by the dielectric constant εr(f) which can be extracted from the absorption spectrum of the material. Hence, how materials (e.g., the sample (S) and the

• ), according to: Bodies made from the same material show the highest attraction to each other, since the emitting field and the absorption by the oscillating dipoles are in resonance. Dissimilar materials attract each other less, which might even lead to repulsion. The attraction between two dissimilar

• absorption spectrum of the sample εS and, therefore, to a change in AHam. Das and coworkers showed that instead of fitting the force plot F(ζ) (as shown in Supporting Information File 1) the deflection distance δJTC (= Fattr/kc) can be used to estimate AHam [33]: This is a valid approach for estimating the

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• . If a segmented detector with a central segment and ring segments was used, it would be even possible to distinguish between absorption contrast (bright-field imaging) and scatter-contrast (dark-field imaging). Compared to other imaging modes in the HIM, it can be anticipated that THIM will be the

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• photocatalysts is rarely reported. Nickel-based nanomaterials are of great interest for photocatalytic activity owing to their low cost, high optical absorption coefficients, and low bandgap energies [29][30][31]. Most importantly, the formation of a Schottky barrier between nickel species and titania can

• it involves the excitation of photogenerated electrons and holes. The bandgap energy values of nanomaterials can be estimated by direct extrapolation of either the F(R) spectrum or from the maximum absorption wavelength [47][50]. The solid-state UV–visible reflectance spectra of mSiO2@NiPS and mSiO2

• the bandgap energy value of TiO2 (3.2 eV) to approx. 2.7 eV for Ni2+-doped TiO2 was reported by Devi and co-workers [51]. They associated the shift in light absorption to the charge transfer between the interacting ions. Although there are only a few studies on nickel phyllosilicates, a prior

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• separate the catalyst powder from the solution. The absorbance of each sample during photocatalysis was measured at the maximum absorption peak of RhB. Characterization techniques and equipment The structure and phase purity of the nanomaterials synthesized here were characterized using powder X-ray

• transformed by a Kubelka–Munk model in order to obtain the bandgap energy value [43]. The absorption spectrum of RhB was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer GENESYS 30TM with tungsten-halogen light source and silicon photodiode detector. The spectra were fitted with the Thermo Scientific VISIONlite PC

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• Oxana Iaseniuc Mihail Iovu Institute of Applied Physics, No. 5 Academiei Str., Chisinau, MD-2028, R. Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.11.158 Abstract The experimental results regarding optical absorption and steady-state photoconductivity of amorphous single-layer structures (Al–As0.40S0.30Se0.30–Al, Al

• absorption depending on the nature and the thickness of each amorphous layer, on the wavelength, and on contact phenomena at the interfaces between different layers and between the amorphous layers and the metal electrodes with different work functions. Keywords: amorphous multilayer structures

• visible region, in contrast to the other thin-film structures (curve 4). Figure 2 shows the function log α = f(hν) of the absorption coefficient for single amorphous layers and for the amorphous HS. The absorption coefficient α for each layer can be calculated using the expression: The absorption

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• , including CNTs [25]. Premature removal by the RES will inevitably hamper the absorption efficiency, resulting in a decrease of circulating half-life and reduced bioavailability at the intended delivery site [26][27]. Several strategies have been developed to modify particle surfaces to address this

• shown in Figure 4C, the weak peak of 3455 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum of raw SWCNTs is characteristic for O–H. The absorption peaks at about 3434 cm−1 (indicating O–H) and 1630 cm−1 (denoting C=O) of the CNTs-COOH samples are both attributed to the carboxy groups, and the former becomes notably sharper

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• the as-prepared sample are consistent with the characteristic peaks of the standard hydroxyapatite peak positions and with the corresponding intensities of the diffraction peaks for HAp (International Centre for Diffraction Data, ICDD, no. 09-0432, vertical lines). The FTIR absorption spectra of the

• . This material was found to correspond to the B-type carbonate-containing HAp in which the phosphate group was substituted by the carbonate group absorption band in the FTIR spectrum. The carbonate amount, including the HAp crystalline structure that was calculated in a previous report, was

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• al. [23] investigated the optical absorption properties of PTCDA on hBN/Rh(111) and hBN/Pt(111). Here, we report a direct comparison of FL spectra of PTCDA/hBN/Cu(111) and PTCDA/Cu(111), which allows for a relative determination of the efficiency of the hBN layer to decouple the excited states of

• values are given in Table 2. Note that only PTCDA/hBN/SiO2 was investigated by FL spectroscopy while for PTCDA/hBN/Pt(111) and PTCDA/hBN/Rh(111) absorption spectra were measured. We cannot explain the differences of the S0/S1 transition energies, yet. However, we observe a trend of higher transition

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–vis spectroscopy. The optical absorption decreased and the optical energy gap of α-Ag2S increased from 1.5 to 2 eV after the CTAB surfactant was added to the Tu solution. XRD studies revealed that the synthesized Ag2S NPs were polycrystalline

• narrow direct optical energy gap, which ranges from 0.96 to 1.1 eV at room temperature. Ag2S has good chemical stability, low toxicity, and high optical absorption [4]. According to the growth temperature, Ag2S has three phases: monoclinic α-Ag2S (acanthite), β-Ag2S (argentite), and the stable γ-Ag2S [5

• observed at 125, 484 and 730 cm−1. Figure 5a shows the effect of adding CTAB on the UV–vis absorption spectrum of colloidal Ag2S NPs. The optical absorption was measured immediately after laser ablation. The addition of the cationic surfactant CTAB to the Tu solution led to a decrease in the optical

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• through UV–vis absorption of 4-NPh. Likewise, it was shown that the surface basicity increases with decreasing nanoparticle size. The presence of CuCO3 on the surface of Cu2O, identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), passivates its surface and consequently diminishes the degradation of MP

• does not represent the concentration of NPs because they are made up of different amounts of Cu2O. When the reactions were over, the NPs were separated by centrifugation. This was done also before each UV–vis absorption and NMR measurement. Degradation of MP with bulk Cu2O was also tested, giving

• similar results. Likewise, degradation experiments in the darkness were also performed giving identical results to those under daylight thus photocatalytic degradation was ruled out. Instrumentation UV–vis electronic absorption spectra were acquired on an Ocean Optics CHEM-2000 spectrophotometer equipped

Optically and electrically driven nanoantennas

• Monika Fleischer,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1542–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.136

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.136 Keywords: active plasmonics; electrically driven nanoantenna; gap antenna; nanoantenna; nanofabrication; nanospectroscopy; nano-photonics; optical antenna; second harmonic generation; sensing; scanning tip; surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA); surface-enhanced Raman

• SERS signal under operation conditions. Moving further towards the (near-) infrared regime, different antennas are employed in a surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) configuration [45]. Here the aim is to detect low concentrations of semiconductor nanocrystals through maximum local enhancement

• sizeable third-harmonic generation from the pillar. The fact that nonlinear effects can already be observed in the absorption and scattering of single gold nanoparticles at much lower laser intensities is demonstrated in [56]. Using the so-called x-scan technique, a nanoparticle is scanned through a

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• techniques, is extremely difficult, as the characteristic X-rays produced by these elements have such low energies that they are prone to re-absorption within the sample as well as being difficult to separate from other peaks in the produced spectra. This makes quantification almost impossible. The HIM–SIMS

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• characterizing a family of pyridin-4-ylethynyl-functionalized pyrene derivatives in different environments. UV–vis measurements in toluene solutions revealed absorption at wavelengths consistent with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, while emission experiments showed a high fluorescence quantum yield

• (Figure S3 and Tables S1–S3, Supporting Information File 1). The absorption spectrum of the trans-substituted pyrene 2 showed two main absorption peaks centered at 416 and 394 nm (2.98 and 3.15 eV, respectively), with another lower-absorption transition at a higher energy (300 nm, 4.13 eV). The selective

• excitation of the low-energy absorption peak lead to a strong emission at 433 and 458 nm (2.86 and 2.71 eV), with a quantum yield of 96% (determined using coumarin 153 in an EtOH solution as a reference). As expected, the tetrasubstituted pyrene 1 showed electronic transitions that were bathochromically

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• metals (Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, and Ir) were investigated to derive a set of technologies as platform for specific applications. Especially, the shape of the 3D structures and the resulting reflectance have been investigated. The Si nanostructures fabricated using Au nanoparticles show a perfect light absorption

• slope on the structure edge is clearly visible. Although the wafer surface is entirely covered with Au nanoparticles, just the pre-defined quadratic areas are etched. The etched areas appear dark black as expected for high aspect ratio silicon nanowire arrays. This absorption phenomenom has been

• H2O2 solution shows a flat homogeneous absorption behaviour with a mean reflectance of approx. 0.56%. This result is comparable to those of the experiments of Fazio et al. [1] and Azeredo et al. [2]. Both could demonstrate a mean reflectance of less than 1% in this spectral range. This low reflectance

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• literature data have indicated that the nanoparticle concentration is a crucial parameter for the absorption efficacy [26][27]. The ʟ-[14C]glutamate count at the corresponding concentrations in each tetrad was considered as 100% in further calculations (Figure 2). It was shown that nanoparticles at a

• -[14C]glutamate absorption at the surface of the nanoparticles. This is because no glutamate/ʟ-[14C]glutamate coatings were registered in the synaptosomal incubation medium. There was also a limit to the nanoparticle concentration in the fluorescence experiments because of poor probe transparency

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• article proposes a numerical model to investigate the impact of the radiation effects in the presence of heat generation/absorption and magnetic field on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stagnation point flow over a radially stretching sheet using a Casson nanofluid. The nonlinear partial differential

• The present model aims to investigate the laminar, incompressible and steady flow of a Casson nanofluid passing a radially stretched surface in the proximity of a stagnation point. Considering the thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption effects, the characteristics of the flow and heat

• , and the heat generation/absorption parameter, Q, respectively, on the temperature distributions. Since the heat transfer increases marginally for higher estimated values of R, an increment in the temperature of the fluid and also in the thermal boundary layer is seen. However, as the value of Q rises

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• porous structure on the surface of the CGCNFs, due to the decomposition of the PGCNFs and PAN coating during carbonization. FTIR and XRD spectra analysis The FTIR spectra were used to analyze whether there was any interaction between PAN and graphene. In the PAN spectrum, the absorption peaks at 1239

• , 1378 and 1452 cm−1 were due to the bending of the C−H of PAN, the absorption peak at the wavelength of 2243 cm−1 was attributed to the stretching vibration of C−N, and the absorption peak at 1668 cm−1 was generated by the stretching vibration of C=C [35]. As shown in Figure 3a, upon addition of

• graphene, the spectra of PAN nanofibers exhibited a few minor changes. One of these changes was in the region of 3300–3500 cm−1, due to the interaction between graphene electrons and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atoms in the carbamate bond, changing the shape of the absorption peak. After

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• solid traces represent solutions that had been in the modified STM setup for four days, with the tip out of tunnel range and at a bias voltage of −2 V. The dashed traces (absorption value manually offset by 0.3 AU) are from reference solutions of the same composition, which were left to stand in an

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• only on absorption and fluorescence change and need dynamic acquisition [23]. A magnetic field powered pressure sensor proposed by Khan et al. [24] is capable of measuring pressure in the range of kilopascals but the suitability for the very low pressure caused by HMIs needs to be examined. A reduced

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• performed to reduce the sensitivity of nanoparticles to air, humidity and acidity. In addition, it allows for the functionalization and absorption of proteins and creation of hydrophilic molecules at the surface of the nanoparticles to prevent agglomeration, reducing capillary obstruction risk. Coating can

• the hyperthermia efficiency [17], while others do not suggest a correlation between the coating layer thickness and the magnetic hyperthermia properties (i.e., the absorption rate) [18]. These issues demonstrate the importance of investigating the ways in which the coating influences magnetic