Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• NH3) into the test chamber. Graphene is typically a p-type conductor under ambient conditions due to chemical doping by adsorbed oxygen and water molecules [27][28]. Bearing in mind that NH3 acts as a hole acceptor and NO2 as a hole donor [1], the conductivity is expected to increase or decrease

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• -scale transistors and confirmed that copper atomic-scale transistors can be fabricated and operated electrochemically in a copper electrolyte (CuSO4 + H2SO4) in bi-distilled water under ambient conditions with three microelectrodes (source, drain and gate). The electrochemical switching-on potential of

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• new ways. (i) We propose a new method to form hierarchical nanostructures of cobalt by an aqueous route under ambient conditions, using quaternary ammonium salts; (ii) a variety of shapes, from zero-dimensional spheres to hierarchical interlocked nanoplates and spindles, is obtained through small

• nanostructures; (v) we identify the importance of crystal twinning and various forces necessary for the formation of anisotropies. This is made possible by a detailed study of a cobalt–tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) system that forms nanoplates under ambient conditions. The understanding of this system is

• ambient conditions and under zero shear is discussed first. The critical steps for the formation of nanoplates are the twinning of seed crystals, the size reduction of particles and their controlled assembly to form two-dimensional nanoplates. The cobalt seeds are small spherical nanoparticles of ca. 30

Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

• Tapas Ghosh and
• Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

• oxidation of Cu nanoparticles deposited by the galvanic displacement reaction on silicon surfaces at various ambient conditions. Experimental Copper nanoparticles have been deposited on Si(100) substrates by an easy, one-step galvanic displacement reaction. 5 mL of 10 mM CuSO4 (Merck, >99%) solution was

• behavior during the thermal annealing of Cu nanoparticles on Si surfaces at the same temperature (500 °C) and with the same annealing duration (1 min) but at different ambient conditions. Figure 6a–c reports on the results of as-deposited Cu nanoparticles on the silicon substrates deposited by the galvanic

• presented in Table 2. (a) As-deposited Cu nanoparticles on Si and when annealed at 500 °C for 1 min in (b) nitrogen and (c) oxygen. Area coverage for samples annealed under different ambient conditions. Summary of the particle distribution presented in Figure 7. Supporting Information Supporting

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• templates with different functionalities [25][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or to change the roughness of the growing films [36]. The principle of these methods was adapted from nature where multifunctional materials are produced under ambient conditions. Mollusks for example produce the organic/inorganic

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• an amine function (dopamine). The photodegradation experiments for these model pollutants were performed under ambient conditions, under UV irradiation with low intensity (ca. 8 mW/cm2) to imitate the UV radiation from solar light, as well as under irradiation with visible light. The degradation

• In a manner analogous to [59], the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized hybrid films was evaluated following the degradation of phenol, hydroquinone or dopamine in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions and UV–visible irradiation. A piece of each composite film (1 g) was added into 50 mL of

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• band structure. As an example, MoS2 (the most studied among TMDs due to its high abundance in nature and relatively high stability under ambient conditions) exhibits an indirect bandgap of ≈1.3 eV in the case of few layers and bulk material and a direct bandgap of ≈1.8 eV in the case of a single layer

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• during spin coating was 3000 rpm and coating time was 0.5 min. The obtained NP-based precursor films were aged at room temperature under ambient conditions for four days. The purpose of this ageing was to allow the remaining solvent to evaporate slowly, in order to prevent the cracking of the films

• films were examined in air under ambient conditions. The optical constants given here are those measured at 633 nm wavelength. Using ellipsometry, the refractive index of the film was modelled between 1.2–4.5 eV at a wavelength of 633 nm. The three-layer stack (silicon substrate/silicon oxide/TiO2 film

Studying friction while playing the violin: exploring the stick–slip phenomenon

• Santiago Casado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 159–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.16

• same protocol. All AFM characterizations were made in air and ambient conditions, operating in dynamic mode. NT-MDT NSG01 cantilevers of around 150 kHz and 5 N/m, and tips of 6 nm typical radius, were used. Two-dimensional Fourier transforms were obtained using Gwyddion software. The samples were

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• advantageous properties such as good sensitivity under ambient conditions and easy preparation [25]. The fundamental process of the gas-sensing mechanism, holding the MOx-based sensing material at elevated temperatures above 300 °C, is the reaction of the surrounding gases with the oxygen of the MOx layer

Effect of Anderson localization on light emission from gold nanoparticle aggregates

• Mohamed H. Abdellatif,
• Marco Salerno,
• Gaser N. Abdelrasoul,
• Ioannis Liakos,
• Alice Scarpellini,
• Sergio Marras and
• Alberto Diaspro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2013–2022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.192

• AuNPs was then drop cast on the substrates in ambient conditions in order to obtain the films of AuNP aggregates. The substrates were cleaned by sonication for 20 min in a 1:1 mixture of ethanol/milli-Q water, prior to drop casting. Sample characterization The AuNP absorbance was characterized by a

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• PBS, there is a further increase of the absorption band. Equilibrium is reached 15 min after PBS is introduced. The experiment was performed under ambient conditions (room temperature, optical path through humid air, relative humidity was not recorded). Air humidity is responsible for the sharp peaks

Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions

• Christoph Schreyvogel,
• Vladimir Polyakov,
• Sina Burk,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Andrej Denisenko,
• Felipe Fávaro de Oliveira,
• Ralf Wunderlich,
• Jan Meijer,
• Verena Zuerbig,
• Jörg Wrachtrup and
• Christoph E. Nebel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1727–1735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.165

• optically detected magnetic resonance [3] at ambient conditions. Due to these outstanding properties it can be used for applications such as single-spin magnetometry [4], imaging in life science [5], quantum computing and quantum cryptography [6][7] at room temperature, i.e., without the need for cryogenic

• fabrication of the in-plane diamond Schottky diode is finished, which is shown schematically in Figure 2a. The current–voltage characteristic of this diode, measured at ambient conditions, shows very good Schottky properties (Figure 2b). Results and Discussion Active charge-state switching As already

• -plane Al-Schottky diode measured at ambient conditions. Active charge state control of a single NV centre. At zero bias there is only a PL-background of the diamond surface (black spectrum) since the NV centre is in the nonfluorescent NV+ state due to the interaction with the two-dimensional hole

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• Ireland 10.3762/bjnano.7.151 Abstract We studied the electrical transport properties of Au-seeded germanium nanowires with radii ranging from 11 to 80 nm at ambient conditions. We found a non-trivial dependence of the electrical conductivity, mobility and carrier density on the radius size. In particular

• properties in the NWs of choice as function of their radius R to identify their different operation regimes. To this end, we carried out electrical characterization at ambient conditions of individual Au-seeded Ge NWs with R ranging from 11 to 80 nm (cf. Supporting Information File 1). By experimentally

• with 300 nm thermally grown SiO2 on top and contacted lithographically with Ag electrodes [14] in a four-point-probe configuration (Figure 1c). The Si backside of the chip was used as global backgate. For each NW, four-point current–voltage and transfer characteristics were taken under ambient

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• concentration of 10 wt % and stirred until a clear solution was obtained. Activated biochar at ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% (w/w) of the polymer was added to the solution and the mixture was stirred for 48 h. Nanofibrous membranes were fabricated via electrospinning under ambient conditions (T = 25 °C, RH

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• changes were observed after the printing of the GNS patterns (Figure 1f). In addition, the printed GNS patterns were not reflective but appeared as a matt dark surface as it was the case also with the semi-permeable substrate. The photothermal effect of printed GNS patterns under ambient conditions was

• increase achieved on the printed GNS patterns under ambient conditions compared to the values previously reported for GNS in aqueous solutions [17][30] is likely due to the absence of the thermal dissipation from the bulk solvent (water) that has a high thermal capacity compared to air (see the model

Effect of tetramethylammonium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol wet etching on geometry and surface roughness of silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography

• Siti Noorhaniah Yusoh and
• Khatijah Aisha Yaacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1461–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.138

• units and proceeds to small units [22][23]. This approach is a well-known method for the fabrication of semiconductor devices in micro and nanoscale structures [24][25]. A biased AFM tip is operated under ambient conditions to oxidize the silicon surface locally and form an oxide mask [26]. Several

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• an aqueous Orange II solution (10 mg/L) at room temperature under solar light irradiation. In a typical experiment, the ZnO:Ce rods (30 mg) were dispersed in 30 mL Orange II aqueous solution and the suspension was magnetically stirred under ambient conditions for 80 min in the dark to reach an

• analysed using the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method. All the optical measurements were performed at room temperature (20 ± 1°C) under ambient conditions. Absorption spectra of liquid samples were recorded on a Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 UV–visible spectrophotometer. DRS were recorded on a Shimadzu

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• content of approximately 0.1% and subsequently applied to a carbon coated TEM grid. Excess solution was blotted off and the sample was dried at ambient conditions. For automated analysis the TEM micrographs were processed using Gaussian blur filtering with 2 pixels radius, background subtraction

Diameter-driven crossover in resistive behaviour of heavily doped self-seeded germanium nanowires

• Stephen Connaughton,
• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Richard Hobbs,
• Olan Lotty,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1284–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.119

• four-point probe configuration [11]. Electrical characterization was carried out at ambient conditions. The geometry of each NW device (diameter size and channel length) was determined by electron microscopy [11][16]. From this the NW resistivity was extracted as function of diameter (Figure 1). Upon

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• volume varied between 10 µL and 500 µL to trigger different degrees of assembly. The pH value of the AgNPs solution was set before the addition of the ligand. The solutions were then left in the dark under ambient conditions. Assemblies using the deuterated cysteamine ligand were carried out similarly

An ellipsometric approach towards the description of inhomogeneous polymer-based Langmuir layers

• Falko O. Rottke,
• Burkhard Schulz,
• Klaus Richau,
• Karl Kratz and
• Andreas Lendlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1156–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.107

• performed in semicontact mode under ambient conditions. Silicon cantilevers NSG10-NT-14DT with a tip radius of approximately 5 nm were used. π–A isotherm (a) and compression–expansion curve (b) of PPDL-D4 recorded on water at room temperature. MMA is the mean molecular area per monomer unit. For the

Customized MFM probes with high lateral resolution

• Óscar Iglesias-Freire,
• Miriam Jaafar,
• Eider Berganza and
• Agustina Asenjo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1068–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.100

• are well known to oxidize under ambient conditions, this affects a very superficial region of the coating of around 2 nm [21]. This oxide layer does not avoid obtaining good MFM imaging results even several months after deposition, with no measured loss of sensitivity and one then avoids the undesired

Generalized Hertz model for bimodal nanomechanical mapping

• Aleksander Labuda,
• Marta Kocuń,
• Waiman Meinhold,
• Deron Walters and
• Roger Proksch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 970–982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.89

• imaging in ambient conditions has relied on the robustness of AM (tapping-mode) imaging, mostly attributable to the monotonicity of the amplitude versus distance relationship, for stable operation and topography tracking. For these two reasons, the authors generally recommend the use of AM-FM over the

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• solubility of Nb in Cu is extremely small under ambient conditions, the Nb–Ni phase diagram shows a certain solubility of Nb in Ni and vice versa [69]. In this case the bilayer with the thinnest Cu41Ni59 layer would show the largest reduction of mat. However, the opposite is observed. There may be several