Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• different spatial orientations due to their asymmetric nature. Additionally, the functionalization also alters the surface composition and morphology of the NPs. The nature of interactions between NPs and antibodies is directly related to the type of functional groups present on the NPs surface and the

• and cell morphology [87]. These methods are very expensive and time-consuming. Additionally, most of the chemotherapeutics are associated with clinical limitations, such as rapid clearance from the blood stream and severe toxic effects [88]. Therefore, researchers have shifted their interest to

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• into honeycomb arrays (Figure 7a,b). Such honeycomb structures were observed for molecules possessing alkyl chains, typically over C15. The shorter the alkyl chain length, the smaller the pore size. In contrast, component molecules with C14 chains displayed a cross-shaped morphology; nevertheless, the

• atoms in the alkyl chain sometimes enabled a drastic change in the 2D assemblies, owing to their odd–even nature. The odd–even effect of alkyl chains has been reported in 2D and 3D systems and is reflected in the periodic changes of characteristics such as morphology and physical properties [112][113

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• Research Center, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany Centre for Biomimetic and Natural Technologies, Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Str. 1, D-47533 Kleve, Germany Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of

• frictional forces on both, freshly unrolled leaves as well as adult leaves. These results extend the understanding of the mechanisms used by plants to defend themselves against herbivorous insects by changes in the leaf morphology on the macro- and microscale. Li et al. [6], in the paper “Effect of sample

• three beetles with different folding ratios”, Sun et al. [8] use modern, high-precision instruments to uncover the relationship between wing morphology and flight performance of three species of beetles. They use a high-speed camera to track flapping frequency, quantify the surface geometry of the wings

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound

• utilized to analyze the composition and β-phase content of the composite piezoelectric nanofilms, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the morphology of the thin film filaments. Figure 6 displays the XRD patterns of the three composite piezoelectric nanofilms. In the P(VDF-TrFE

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• different types of nanoparticles and BNZ, including SLN and NLC [21]. The NLC-BNZ formulation was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm the presence of nanoparticles showing a spherical morphology and a narrow distribution of sizes (Figure 1). Image analysis through ImageJ [22

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• also valuable catalysts for the removal of environmental contaminants in aqueous solutions. The high surface-to-volume ratio of AgNPs provides many active sites, thereby, enhancing their catalytic activity [32]. The catalytic activity of AgNPs is also influenced by the morphology and the use of capping

• agents [33]. The efficiency of the catalyst can be improved by studying different carrier materials [34][35]. Interface factors, including morphology and capping agents, play a significant role in the catalytic activity of AgNPs. The ionotropic gelation mechanism has been recently employed to create

• at lower solution temperatures. Increasing the reaction temperature resulted in a high concentration of AgNPs in the colloidal solution, with the highest intensity observed at a temperature of 90 °C. However, the increase in temperature did not significantly affect the morphology of the formed AgNPs

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• demonstrate the enhanced contact between the in situ formed Ge and the carbon matrix, which promotes conductivity, accommodates volume variation, and ultimately improves the electrochemical performance of the material. The morphology of the materials was observed using FE-SEM and HR-TEM. As shown in Figure 2a

• microscopy (HR-TEM, JEOL JEM-2100F) were conducted for morphology and particle size investigation. A well-blended mixture of active material, conductive carbon C65, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with a mass ratio of 75:15:10 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent was used for fabricating the working

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• flame is conducted regarding the morphology and crystallinity of the as-grown nanotubes. The premixed burner configuration created a flame that is stabilized through axisymmetric stagnation flow through sintered metal with one-dimensional geometry, different from a conventional co-flow flame. The

• radial directions but significantly different in the vertical direction. 17.3% variation in temperature in the axial direction successfully led to 44% and 66% variation in CNT diameter and crystallinity, respectively. The morphology control capability demonstrated in the present study is important for

• CNT functionalization for energy storage, nanosensor, and nanocomposite applications, where diameter and crystallinity are influential properties that govern the overall performance of the components. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; crystallinity; flame synthesis; morphology; one-dimensional flame

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• room temperature, an AIRIX STR 500 laser Raman spectrometer was used with Ar laser excitation at 532 nm. A Panalytical X-Pert Pro diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) was used for investigating the structural properties of GQDs. Morphology and size of GQDs were confirmed with data

• significantly. Therefore, it can be inferred that not only quantum size effects, but also defects on the surface, contribute to the PL in GQDs. Size and morphology of GQDs were characterized using TEM and AFM. The TEM micrographs shown in Figure 3a confirm the formation of evenly dispersed GQDs with almost

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• structures from calcinated samples as the initial models were refined using GSAS-II software [29]. In order to determine the temperature-induced structural evolution of h-MoO3, all in situ XRD patterns were refined in GSAS-II. Microstructural characterization Morphology and chemical composition of the

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• Alexander E. Filippov Wencke Krings Stanislav N. Gorb Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of

• microscope [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In this context, setae morphology and mesh size of the filtering structure and the surface chemistry and forces (e.g., van der Waals forces) of feeding structures and particles are of high importance, especially when the particles are of smaller diameter

• setae and particles, which depends on setae morphology, mesh size of the filtering structure, and the surface chemistry and forces of feeding structures and particles [14][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], has been observed previously under binocular microscopes [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• parameters of SiC can be effectively adjusted by means of morphology design [9][10][11], doping [12][13][14], and surface modification [15][16][17], thereby improving their EM absorption properties. However, the design of SiC-based absorbers with relatively high reflection loss (RLmin < −60 dB) and, at the

• carbon and wax). These findings suggest that SiC@C-ZnO hybrids with diverse microstructures may have a bright future as EM absorbers. Conclusion A new strategy for the controllable fabrication of SiC@C-ZnO hybrids via carbonization and hydrolysis reaction is described. Morphology and permittivity of the

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• substrates were examined regarding their optical properties using UV–vis spectroscopy and regarding their morphology using scanning electron microscopy. SERS properties of the fabricated GaN/Ag substrates were evaluated by measuring SERS spectra of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid molecules adsorbed on them. For all

• investigate the influence of the method of Ag layer deposition on nanostructured GaN platforms on morphology, optical, and SERS enhancement properties of GaN/Ag SERS substrates. We first describe the fabrication processes using PLD and MS and discuss the influence of deposition process parameters on the

• morphology of fabricated Ag layers examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, we present the results of their optical properties determined using UV–vis spectroscopy. Finally, we compare the SERS performance of the GaN/Ag substrates toward 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) molecules adsorbed on them

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• each cell displays a similar size and morphology to cells grown in liquid culture. However, some cyanobacterial cells present a slightly reduced size and a more spherical morphology when compared to their common rod-shaped appearance. Although this change in morphology is correlated with stress

• morphology. This image focusses on a “hollow region” of yeast cells encapsulated into the silica gel substrate. In Figure 2B, pseudohyphal growth is clearly observed, yielding long filaments of associated cells that expand as a three-dimensional network within the matrix. In this hollow region within the

• silica matrix, yeast cells display a completely different morphology from that in common suspension cultures. The observed pseudohyphal growth corresponds to morphological changes that are usually correlated to stress for growing yeast cells [16]. Thus, the pseudohyphal growth could be likely caused by

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24098 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.41 Abstract Micro- and nanostructures of the white and black scales on the tarsi of the mosquito Aedes albopictus are

• analysed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Reflectance spectra of the white areas are measured. No clear difference is present in the morphology of micro- and nanostructures of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, but black scales contain a

• in the morphology of black and white scales in SEM and TEM, except for the small difference in the distance between the longitudinal ridges. The scales appear black and white only under reflected light at low magnification. In our observation of the tarsal scales of Ae. aegypti in a light microscope

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• results. The Raman modes are A1g (ca. 149 cm−1 and ca. 501 cm−1) and E1g (ca. 222 cm−1, ca. 290 cm−1, ca. 298 cm−1, ca. 402 cm−1, and ca. 615 cm−1, where 290 cm−1 and 298 cm−1 usually are a doublet with E1g symmetry and cannot be easily resolved [20]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The morphology of

• sample 1 (Figure 3a and Figure 3b) is characterized by large agglomerates with a bed structure and grooves on their surface, with an average agglomerate length of 4.9 μm. Conversely, the morphology of sample 2 is composed of irregular lumps with an average size of 0.29 μm. This type of morphology is

• characteristic of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles [21]. The same morphology was observed for concentrations of 5 and 20 wt % of coloring ions (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The elemental composition of the samples evaluated by the analysis of XPS spectra is shown in

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• materials (PTMs) have attracted significant interest because of their advantages over metallic and inorganic PTMs in terms of high light absorption, designable molecular structures, flexible morphology, and solution processability. We review here the recent progress in solar steam generation devices based

• , Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Fabrication process of PPy nanofiber light-trapping coatings by ultrasonic spray coating. (Figure 9 was reproduced with permission from [29], Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society). Surface morphology of (a) filter

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• Cracow, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.14.34 Abstract In this work, the specific role of the addition of graphene oxide (GO) to state-of-the-art nickel–iron (NiFe) and cobalt–nickel–iron (CoNiFe) mixed oxides/hydroxides towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is investigated. Morphology, structure, and OER

• observed for CoNiFe-GO. Here, the overall catalytic activity (η: 230 mV) increased compared to GO alone. However, it was reduced in comparison to CoNiFe (η: 224 mV). The latter was associated with the change in the morphology and structure of the catalysts. Further OER studies showed that each of the

• . The fabricated GO-NiFe reveals excellent catalytic performance towards the OER, that is, higher than a state-of-the-art NiFe catalyst measured in alkaline environment. Results Electrosynthesis and morphology of the deposits The catalysts under investigation were synthesized by electrodeposition onto

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• as spheres and nanorods. 2.1 The plasmonic oscillation frequency The optical response of plasmonic nanoparticles, such as AuNPs, to incident electromagnetic radiation depends on their size, shape, morphology, proximity to one another, as well as the surrounding medium [32]. The vast changes in

• absorbance due to changes morphology stem predominantly from changes to the directionality of the LSPR (due to changing curvature and dimensionality of the nanoparticle) and changes to the dynamics between the restoring and exciting forces of the plasmons, such as the mean free path, the relative

• of proximity as well as morphology influence considerably the LSPR properties, for example, in Au nanorods and nanospheres. In contrast, nanospheres and nanorods exhibited considerable tunability of the LSPR due to changes to the localized electromagnetic field of the plasmons due to changing

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• morphology, yield and monodispersity. The introduction of a deep eutectic solvent as a cost-effective and green solvent was reviewed, where the usage of these solvents enabled the extraction and formation of desired nanostructures. The work also records the advantages and disadvantages of wet chemical

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• transcellular transport. They supported their observations using PEGylated Au NPs of various sizes (15, 50, and 100 nm) in various tumor models. In addition, they characterized the morphology of blood vessels and demonstrated that the vessels with NP-transporting cells were longer and had a greater volume and

• channels. The discovery of N-TECs creates new therapeutic possibilities, which requires more in-depth knowledge of these cells, their morphology and physiology, and the receptors involved in this transport mechanism [30]. Nevertheless, some limitations resulting from transcellular transport should be

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• , Bi2O3, BiFeO3, Bi2WO6, Bi2Mo3O12, Bi2MoO6, and BiOI [24][25][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]) using a variety of techniques to tailor their size, morphology, and optoelectrical properties to improve their photocatalytic performance and to better understand the factors influencing their performance

• ][66]. Fluoroquinolones have a detrimental impact on the morphology and photosynthesis of plants, as well as on the ability of eukaryotic cells to synthesise DNA and replicate plastids. Streptomycin prevents Hordeum vulgare from producing chlorophyll, while ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and

• ][78][79][80]. Furthermore, nanostructured materials exhibit unique optical properties that set them apart from the corresponding bulk materials as a result of this quantum confinement. Also, note that the optical responses of Bi nanoparticles are strongly influenced by their size, morphology, bandgap

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• were observed regarding particle size or morphology depending on the SiBP concentration when SiBP was used alone as catalyst (Figure 2). At all concentrations, 17–20 nm particles were obtained with polydispersity indices (PDI) of 0.027, 0.050, and 0.010 for 0.04, 0.40, and 1 mM SiBP, respectively

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• preferentially target the spleen, the amide-containing lipidoids contribute to increased lung targeting, and lipidoids with ester bonds in the tail tend to deliver mRNA into the liver [156]. Rational design of LNPs by in vitro and in vivo optimization of morphology and ratio of the lipid components and their

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• system for carbon support mixing during PLD deposition. The highly graphitized carbon particles used as support were synthesized using metallothermic reduction. We additionally investigated the influence of deposition process parameters on the morphology of the fabricated Pt/C catalysts. Structure

• , morphology, and chemical composition of the fabricated catalysts were investigated using TEM, SEM, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements determined the performance of the fabricated catalysts. Results and Discussion Synthesis of a highly graphitized carbon material The synthesis of

• vibration with an experimentally selected frequency and amplitude. Structure, morphology, and chemical composition The carbon material quality was evaluated based on Raman spectra. Raman measurements were performed using a commercial Renishaw InVia Reflex Raman microscope equipped with an EMCCD (1600 × 200