Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• addition of the AgNO3 solution finished and the homogeneous nucleation stopped due to the decrease in concentration of the Ag(I) ions. Then, the heterogeneous nucleation on the nanoplate surface occurred and some small nanoplates gradually filled in the crisscross gap of the star-shaped Ag@AgSCN

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• particles. The nucleation and growth of CNTs typically require stabilization of the catalytic nanoparticles at elevated temperatures, and MgO is often used for this purpose [18]. Rümmeli et al. have shown that under typical CCVD conditions for CNT growth and in the absence of a deposited catalyst, the MgO

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• initial nucleation processes of particle synthesis; this is probably the mechanism of the formation of ultrathin gold nanowires [64]. Silver nanoparticle synthesis by reduction of silver salts is an important case of ligand-directed nanoparticle growth. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, Figure 2) in

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• , hindering the coalescence of Fe nanoparticles, resulting in more active sites for CNT nucleation [28][29][30]. A peculiar lift-up of the CNT nanostructure was also observed for the first time. Based on energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and SEM data, the corresponding mechanism is also discussed

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• 600 μm inner diameter and a thermally controlled oil bath. A miniature PTFE chamber containing a magnetic stir bar was used for the mixing of two different precursors. The volume of the convection micro-mixer was 80 μL, and the micro-mixer was used to completely mix the precursors for the nucleation

• of CsPbX3 QDs. A three-dimensional serpentine microchannel was constructed by interlacing a PTFE capillary (600 μm inner diameter) along two parallel metal bars (800 μm outer diameter). The PTFE capillaries were used as the microreactor and microchannels. Further nucleation and growth of the CsPbX3

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• reactive sites for the nucleation and growth of metal nanoparticles. The nucleation and growth mechanism depends on the degree of oxygen functionalization at the graphene surface sheets, such that no nanoparticles are obtained at totally reduced graphene surfaces [7][79]. TRGO is generally regarded as a

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• . Increasing the laser fluence or the number of the laser pulses increases the defect volume density. Since the formation of nanoparticles was only observed after annealing in the irradiated areas, one could assume that these defects play a key role in nanoparticle nucleation. It is accepted [16][17] that the

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• measured by EDS. The Pt atoms in this region could be less susceptible to the effects of subsequent AH exposure, possibly due to Pt nucleation and coalescence in the electron beam purification step and/or a decrease in local heating from the exothermicity of the AH purification step (which would enhance

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• that the significantly larger oxygen content in the deposits formed from DCSCH is the result of hydrolysis in reactions with residual water in the background gas and at the surfaces. In EBID pillar growth one can distinguish three stages: the nucleation stage, a fast-growth stage and a saturation stage

• [4][40]. In the nucleation stage a dot-like deposit will form, predominantly due to the scattered electrons emitted from the substrate surface. In the fast-growth stage, a cone shaped pillar grows with maximum lateral and vertical growth rate. During the fast growth stage, the growth is enhanced by

Tailoring the nanoscale morphology of HKUST-1 thin films via codeposition and seeded growth

• Landon J. Brower,
• Lauren K. Gentry,
• Amanda L. Napier and
• Mary E. Anderson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2307–2314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.230

• crystallite nucleation and ripening) that was observed for the LBL deposition was not observed in the same manner for the codeposition. Throughout the codeposition procedure, a dynamic process was observed at the substrate interface. Large particles initially formed on the substrate, followed by the increased

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• components in the metallic layers, that is, the nucleation and growth of Ta-based NPs. At 600 °C, the GISAXS signal is weak due to a low density contrast between the initially formed Ta clusters and the surrounding media, which is presumably still rich in tantalum. The GISAXS signal increases in intensity

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• water and acetone several times. Gold colloids Gold colloids were prepared using the Frens method. 100 mL of 0.01% (w/w) aqueous HAuCl4 solution were heated to boiling point and 0.6 mL of 1% (w/w) of sodium citrate solution were added. In ca. 2 min the boiling solution turned blue (nucleation) and after

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• sol−gel approaches, the hydro/solvothermal synthesis route is known to be advantageous due to the homogenous nucleation/growth process and highly crystallized products [20][21][22]. In order to develop a synthesis method with morphology control aspects, inorganic ions as well as organic reagents

• concentration in the solution is reduced, which separates nucleation and growth processes and supports high quality crystallization [27]. The complex stability is expected to decrease during synthesis with increasing temperature and pressure until the Fe3+ in complex formation can be successfully attacked by OH

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• S6, Supporting Information File 1). These combined results prove a correlation between the weight percent of hydrochloric acid and the nucleation rate of iron oxide nanoparticles and indicates a particle formation involving decomposition of intermediate iron(II) hydroxide formed in the etching

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• It has been recognized that NPs grow via a three-step process involving nucleation, coagulation and growth by accretion. The nucleation stage is often considered to be governed by negative ions [19][56][57][58][59], leading to the formation of nanometer-sized nuclei. These embryonic clusters may be

• GAS. The opposite trend of decreasing NP diameter with the discharge power is readily explained by stronger fragmentation of precursor molecules. The fragmentation results in a larger amount of free radicals that serve as nucleation centres and, under constant supply of the precursor (constant gas

• homogeneous nucleation. Simultaneously, fragmentation of organic molecules in the plasma proceeds with the formation of free radicals that subsequently recombine to create the plasma polymer phase. Remarkably, the two processes do not interfere, probably due to strong cohesive forces between metal atoms and

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• secondary nucleation is completely inhibited during the AIBN-initiated semicontinuous seed emulsion polymerization. Thus, the PAN–PMMA core–shell structured nanoparticles can be controllably synthesized. PAN-based carbon nanospheres Preoxidized product During the preoxidation process, complicated

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• shape with an average diameter of approximately 8 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.02. The resulting core–shell nanoparticles are polydisperse and have an average diameter of ≈16 nm with PDI of 1.16. This indicates that polydispersity occurred from secondary nucleation during the shell growth

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• this replacement reaction, it is likely that nucleation of the reduced Au atoms led to small Au particles that eventually grew into a thin Au shell covering the cobalt nanoparticles. At the same time, because of its extended polymeric chain structure, PVP, which was present as a colloidal stabilizer

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Contact angle and electrical resistance measurements of the VGNs are carried out as well. Results and Discussion Growth and optimization Case I: Influence of growth temperature We investigated the early-stage nucleation and growth of VGNs over a

• quantify the vertical growth, the growth rate is plotted as a function of the temperature in Figure 1i. This dependence can be described by the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy is calculated from this plot. The activation energy for the vertical growth is found to be 0.57 eV. Faster nucleation and

• nanostructures in plasmas are C2 and CH, as well as atomic and molecular hydrogen [26]. The rapid nucleation of nanoislands, self-organization and coalescence between them take place through direct adsorption and surface diffusion of carbon-containing species on the substrate surface [24]. Hence, the commonly

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• rationale could also be applied to NCNDs and the tripeptide DLeu-Phe-Phe, which were evaluated for co-assembly into hydrogels following a pH trigger from alkaline to neutral. Different scenarios were envisaged: the presence of the NCNDs 1) could promote peptide self-assembly by acting as a nucleation agent

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• obtained for Parylene C has been attributed to the surface roughness, which increases the nucleation density and leads to less ordered films. The lower film order of Parylene C is compensated by the low charge trapping at the semiconductor/dielectric interface [50] confirmed by IDS hysteresis observed for

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• solid phase, miniemulsion polymerization is much more versatile [27][28][29][30][31]. The characteristic feature of this process is that particle formation predominantly occurs by nucleation of the preformed miniemulsion droplets, which minimizes the changes in the system during the particle nucleation

• light on the relative importance of these effects. It can be seen that a significant secondary nucleation occurred and that the final particle size was not affected by the concentration of MWCNTs. This suggests that the number of polymer particles was controlled by the surfactant available, which was

• in the presence of various quantities of MWCNTs (0.1–1%) is presented. It can be seen that, except for the 0.1 wt % MWCNT sample, most of the particles were formed by secondary nucleation likely due to the combined effect of the presence of a highly water soluble monomer (HEMA) that promoted the

Nanotopographical control of surfaces using chemical vapor deposition processes

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1250–1256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.126

• energy of the underlying substrate using a fluorinated polymer. Minimal nucleation of monomer was found on the fluorinated spots, which led to a dense polymer coating on these sites. These techniques show great promise in the fabrication of membranes [37]. Oblique angle deposition A significant amount of

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• nucleation energy in the presence of more AgCl precursor during synthesis. Bearing in mind the large size and fraction of EPs in the samples (Table 2), we attributed the rather narrow and intense diffraction peaks of sample AgCl_10 to the hexagonal WZ structure of these particles (Figure 1d). HRTEM images of

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• acid catalyzed sol–gel process was tested by employing sodium silicate solution at pH 2 (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1 and S2). As can be seen from these reference experiments, nucleation takes also place in the continuous phase, i.e., the fiber dispersing phase, leading to the formation of