Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• mechanisms of solids and liquids at the nanoscale to fundamentally investigate the possibility of increasing the output power of MEGs. MEGs have great potential for applications as power generators for wearable self-powered pressure sensors, respiratory monitors, motion detectors, power sources for small

• . Top: A pressure-driven flow carries the net ionic charge within the double layer, generating a streaming current. Bottom: A potential gradient generates both an electro-osmotic fluid flow (black arrows) and an additional electrophoretic ion velocity (colored arrows). Figure 1g was reprinted with

• John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Vapor pressure gradient near the air interface. (b) TEM images of the purified nanowire network. Scale bars: 100 nm. (c) Diagram of the protein device structure. Figure 8a–c

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• photoresistant layer. The wafer is then etched. A distinction can be made between wet and dry etching. The wet etching process uses a potassium hydroxide solution, while dry etching includes the physical methods ion milling and sputtering and the chemical method high-pressure plasma [156]. Lithographic

• microneedles containing an empty canal inside are usually filled with active ingredient solution, either passively or with the use of pressure-driven methods [161]. In the systems using passive diffusion, the drug solution can be loaded to the canals inside the microneedles [141] or to an external compartment

• [166]. In pressure-driven systems, a reservoir with different pumping mechanisms is attached to the microneedle systems. Usually, manually operated syringes are reported [167][168], as well as micropumps [169] or actuator-equipped devices designed for self-injection [170]. In coated microneedles the

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• minimized and the design has to be kept as symmetrical as possible to reduce thermal drift; third, the design must allow for a precise adjustment of the pressure of the sliders towards the sapphire rails for the xy-directions. All these conditions can be fulfilled with a concentric design, where the shear

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• in the dark for 30 min to equilibrate the adsorption. Subsequently, the suspensions were illuminated by a 30 W LED or an 18 W high-pressure mercury lamp. The light source was fixed at a distance of 20 cm from the surface of the reactor. After fixed illumination times, 5 mL was withdrawn and

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• and prevent a buildup of carbon in the irradiated area. Baking can be used to desorb light molecules with a high vapour pressure at the baking temperature; however, it is a slow process. Plasma cleaning procedures can rapidly remove contamination; however, they can damage some sensitive samples [24

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• ignored. Contaminants on the sample surface can also play a critical role during the milling process: water can be found on nearly every sample surface [21]. For example, in a vacuum chamber at a pressure of 10−8 mbar, there are still 106 to 109 molecules per cm3. This contaminant has a strong impact on

• determine, for a specific pressure, the temperature and atomic mass of a molecule and the number of collisions per second and per square centimetre: where Za is the number of collisions per second, P is the pressure in Torr, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and m is the atomic mass of the molecule of

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• , ambient thermodynamic conditions such as oxygen pressure and post-annealing atmosphere are directly connected to the formation and concentration of oxygen vacancies [28]. The presence of the O vacancy modifies the oxidation state of the substitutional transition metal atom and thus the magnetic properties

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• plant are deprived of further reproduction, which exerts a significant evolutionary selection pressure. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) was chosen as a possible model because it collects and processes propolis, a sticky and ductile material, that is created by mixing plant resins, wax, and other

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• drop on a rough surface, liquid is pressed between the cavities by the Laplace pressure. If the liquid penetrates into the cavities so far that it touches the substrate, a transition of the wetting states takes place [75]. Whether a transition occurs or not is influenced by the shape and dimensions of

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• methods to treat wastewater to purify water quality, such as electrochemical oxidation [12], Fenton method [13], ozonation [14], and photocatalysis [15]. They can achieve a fast reaction rate and extremely high organic removal ratio under average temperature and pressure to remove or decompose organic

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• rinsed with 0.1 M HCl for 5 min, water (DNAse/RNAse free) for 1 min, then borate buffer for 5 min under 50 psi pressure before injection of the incubation mixture at 0.5 psi for 5 s. The mixture was separated under 26 kV (reverse polarity) in borate buffer at 25 °C and monitored through UV absorbance

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• in UHV on a MgO(001) single crystal [48]. The Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O surface was prepared by using the following procedure: the clean Fe substrate was exposed to 30 Langmuir of molecular oxygen at a pressure of = 2 × 10−7 mbar and subsequently annealed at about 700 °C for 5 min. Porphyrins were

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• frequency was found to affect inertial acceleration and aerodynamic pressure, thus affecting inertial force and aerodynamic force; with the increase of flapping frequency, their increment was relatively consistent [51]. For a four-wings FWMAV, the lift was increasing linearly with the flapping frequency [52

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• , on the one hand, and their non-toxicity and low vapor pressure, on the other hand. Room-temperature-liquid Ga-based alloys are considered for direct writing and printing stretchable and flexible electronic devices, such as antennas or wires [5][6][7]. Such applications and the related processing of

• AFM tip and a metallic liquid alloy is based on a balance between the pressure applied by the tip onto the liquid surface and the restoring pressure due to the line tension at the liquid interface, that is, p(δ) = Fn(δ)/A(δ) = γ/P(δ), where A(δ) is the contact area and P(δ) is the perimeter between

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• a low-pressure CVD system (CVD First Nano, EasyTube 3000). A 25 µm thick annealed Cu foil (Alfa Aesar, purity 99.8%), serving as a metal catalyst, was placed in a graphite enclosed cavity during the whole process. The temperature for annealing and growth was kept stable at 1040 °C by PID thermal

• controllers. The Cu foil was first annealed in argon atmosphere (500 sccm, 9.0 Torr) for 30 min in a quartz tube furnace. In the growth process, the gas mixture of argon (250 sccm), hydrogen (100 sccm), and methane (1.2 sccm) was subsequently introduced into the quartz chamber, where a reaction pressure of

• 250Xi) using a non-monochromatic Mg Kα source with an analysis spot smaller than 2 mm2. The detection system contains a double-focusing 180° spherical sector analyzer with a mean radius of 150 mm and an energy range of 0 to 5 keV. The pressure in the analysis chamber was ca. 5 × 10−10 Torr, and the

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• the gelatin polymer chains. After release, the molecules might leave pores behind, which make the particles even more deformable. A further plausible mechanism is that the gelatin network can slide along the FITC-dextran molecules and therefore shows easier deformation under external pressure

• by different FITC-dextran concentrations in PBS. Determination of lysozyme loading The loaded amount of lysozyme was investigated using the indirect method by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a method previously reported and validated by our group [12] using an Ultimate

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• , HR-TEM, and SAED characterizations. As shown in Figure 6a, based on the definition of IUPAC, the N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms of the 70%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite represent the type IV adsorption isotherm and the H3 type hysteresis in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 of the relative pressure (P/P0

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• time [31]. To reach sufficient sensitivity, the value should typically be larger than 1 V. Experimental The experiments were performed by customized ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM, UNISOKU) at a temperature T of 78 K with a base pressure below 5 × 10−11 Torr. The NC

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• cathode side to enable uniform distribution of O2 gas as well as efficient current collection. The cell was assembled in a glove box filled with purified Ar gas. Then, it was placed in a gas-tight chamber with a controlled gas flow rate and pressure, and high-purity O2 gas (99.99%) was supplied to the

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• 10× (Olympus BX53M). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed with a FESEM (FEI Scios 2, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at a chamber pressure of 1 × 10−4 Pa with electron beam voltages set between 1 and 30 kV, depending on the film. Films that are shown in optical dark-field

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• ], particle size reduction [25], and encapsulation in nanoscale delivery systems [11]. Nanoscale BBR crystals can be formed using top-down technologies (ball mills, high-pressure homogenizers, microfluidic technology, and spray drying) or bottom-up technologies (evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• set to decrease overtime to overcome the effects of viscosity that can impose abrupt pressure on the mold cavities (Figure 1e). The upper disk was lowered by ≈1.5 mm (Figure 1g) at a speed which was non-linearly reduced from ≈50 to 5 µm/min ensuring that the maximum axial force did not exceed 30 ± 2 N

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• enables the system to keep the pressure constant but the volume is varied). The temperature of the nanofluid during simulation was maintained at 303 K with 1 bar pressure. Electrostatic and van der Waals forces were imparted on the nonbonded interaction for dispersion. Charges on the system were

• and aqueous-based) were equilibrated from 303 to 323 K, with 10 K steps. All the above simulations were carried out under atmospheric pressure. Dynamical movement of molecules was imparted using smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) and discrete particle dynamics (DPD) potentials. These two potentials

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• pressure of 10−8 mbar, CuPc powder (Sensient Imaging Technologies SA) is evaporated from a resistively heated crucible. The nominal deposition rate (0.2–0.3 nm/min) is monitored by a quartz crystal micro balance. A commercial optical microscope (MX50, Olympus) is used to obtain the bright-field optical