Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• polystyrene cuvette, at 25 °C. PBS 0.01 M, pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich, was used as the diluent in the case of the evaluation of the size after the protein corona formation. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) An analysis of the size distribution and concentration of CNPs and SNPs were performed by NTA using a

• Synthesis and characterisation of the libraries of silica and carbon nanoparticles In this study, we synthesised two matching sets of SNPs and CNPs that had a similar hydrodynamic diameter. The mean hydrodynamic diameter based on DLS and NTA confirmed a similar size distribution between the two materials

• agglomerate was evaluated. The NP-hard corona complexes were diluted in PBS immediately after the sample preparation and the size distribution was measured by NTA. The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the particles with the protein corona generated at three different plasma concentrations (10, 40 and 80%) is

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• , small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of hollow capsules could give a detailed illustration of the inner structure and their size distribution in in situ measurements. SAXS investigations of PAH and poly-ʟ-aspartic acid multilayers deposited on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brush modified PS templates

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• (GNPs) (Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Ara6-GNPs 3 (A) and 4 (B). The insets show size distribution diagrams with 15 nm average diameter in both cases. Absorption spectra of solutions of Ara6C2NH2-GNPs (3) (A) and Ara6C2EG7NH2-GNPs (4) (B), prepared

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• ) BJH pore size distribution of the CuO, tourmaline, and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, (b) plots of (Ahν)2 vs hν, (c) transient photocurrent, and (d) time-resolved PL spectra of the CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite. (a) MB degradation, (b) the apparent pseudo-first

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• create meso- or macropores into the carbon system templating approaches have become a routine strategy. One prominent attempt is hard-templating based on silica monoliths with a bimodal pore size distribution (meso- and macropores) and a hierarchical pore network [35][36][37][38]. The SiO2 solid is

• after heat treatment at 800 °C are given in Supporting Information File 1. The initial bimodal pore size distribution of the SiO2 features mesopores of 13 nm and macropores of 3 μm in diameter (Figure 2). In the case of the pitch-based sample carbonized at 800 °C (black), the mesopore size of 7 nm is

• monolith. The macropore size distribution of the resin-based monoliths is very broad compared to that of the pitch-based carbon materials, probably due to experimental issues: The very rigid and stiff resin-based monoliths were crushed by a ball mill in order to fit into the sample holder for MIP

Understanding nanoparticle flow with a new in vitro experimental and computational approach using hydrogel channels

• Armel Boutchuen,
• Dell Zimmerman,
• Abdollah Arabshahi,
• John Melnyczuk and
• Soubantika Palchoudhury

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 296–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.22

• 500 particle analyzer, before applying the aqueous NP solutions for flow experiments. All four types of the iron oxide NPs showed a monodisperse size distribution (Figure 5b). Among these, the iron oxide NPs prepared with 0.06 mmol PVP/0.007 mmol PEI showed the smallest size (69 nm) with a narrow

• polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.24. The NPs coated with 0.09 mmol PVP/0.0017 mmol PEI ligand mixture were 130 nm in size with a uniform size distribution (PDI: 0.22). In comparison, the 0.07 mmol PVP/0.005 mmol PEI-coated NPs and 0.05 mmol PVP/0.008 mmol PEI-coated NPs were slightly larger with sizes of 144 nm

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• grid and allowed to stick. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanohydroxyapatite was observed. The average particle size distribution of CB-Hap NRs was plotted using ImageJ software. The elemental composition analysis via energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was also performed to confirm the

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• [40]. The XPS results further indicate that the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA sample contains C, Co, Ni, Mo and O atoms. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution curves of the CA, NiMoO4/CA and NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA samples are shown in Figure 5. Both the CA and the NiMoO4/CA samples exhibit

• samples was observed by SEM (JSM-6701F, JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. TEM images and EDS mappings were recorded using a high-resolution TEM (JEOL JEM-2100) operated at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. The pore size distribution, mean pore diameter, total pore volume and specific surface

• (b) C 1s, (c) Co 2p, (d) Ni 2p, (e) Mo 3d and (f) O 1s. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of (a) CA, (b) NiMoO4/CA (b), and (c) NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA composite. (a) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves at scan rates of 2.5–50 mV/s and (b) galvanostatic charge/discharge

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• co-workers showed that self-assembled DNA tetrahedron nanoarchitectures with narrow size distribution could deliver siRNA into tumor cells [71]. The programmable DNA strands were functionalized with tumor-targeting folate ligands. The nanoarchitecture consisted of six DNA strands having a total of

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• , additives have also been used in blade coating to obtain compact perovskite films with fewer pinholes and uniform size distribution [17][48]. Huang et al. [36] formulated a perovskite ink that can dramatically improve the blade-coating quality of perovskite films at a high coating speed. Here, the

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• dissolution of AgNP@PVA which can compete with PVP on the nanoparticle surface. We studied this effect also by SAXS, comparing the size distribution of the nanoparticles in solution, the ones from the dissolved AgNP@PVA and also the ones in a 3D printed AgNP@PVA. SAXS analyses of the three samples do not show

• any great differences in the size distribution of the nanoparticles (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3), proving that the nanoparticles do not show drastic changes during the fabrication and the 3D printing of the AgNP@PVA. We extruded the nanocomposite into a 3 mm filament which was used to

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• particles marginally larger than Chit35, and the width of the particle size distribution – as assessed with DLS as a stand-alone instrument – was also similar (Figure 1, compare dashed and solid lines). Further, both methods allowed for quantitative siRNA entrapment, and the encapsulation did not

• better understanding of the cell-specific binding and trafficking event for a prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of a nanocarrier. A) Size distribution of chitosan/HA nanoparticles (1 mg/mL, deionized water) prepared from 35 (top) and 650 (bottom) kDa chitosan using a templated (dashed lines) or

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• function of both incubation time and temperature. For example, the control-lipo vesicles increased to 125 nm diameter after 24 or 72 h incubation at 37 °C. We noted a transition from a unimodal size distribution of liposomes in PBS buffer to a multimodal size distribution after extended incubation with 10

• and 50 nm pore sizes to produce a narrow size distribution of LUVs. Characterization of liposomal formulations Liposomes were characterized for size and zeta potential using Zetasizer Nano ZS. For size measurements the liposomal suspension was diluted 1:10 with PBS. For zeta potential measurements

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• concentration was 800 μg/mL. Dwell and exposure times of all images were 0.1 and 0.4 s, respectively. The corresponding spot size distribution is given in the insets. All scale bars are equal to 50 μm. Evaluation of the sensitivity of the microarrays prepared from the sample of route 5 after incubating anti-AFP

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• particle size distribution of 500 nanoparticles of each certain type. The average size of the core–shell particle does not exceed 100 nm, as observed from transmission electron microscopy images (Figure 6, Figure 7a). The results of the elemental mapping of nanoparticles (Figure 7b) shows that copper and

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• 9600 nm/min scan rate. The excitation and emission wavelength and the maximum fluorescence intensity of each peak were recorded. The concentration of BNNTs was 1 mg/mL. The pH of the suspension was adjusted by adding HCl or NaOH. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The size distribution and zeta potential

• ). Laser scanning confocal microscope images of pure BNNT (c) and P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs (d). SEM image of pristine BNNTs (a) and P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs (b) after dispersion in water. Size-distribution profile of BNNTs (black squares) and P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs (green circles

• after dispersion in water and drying on the surface are presented in Figure 5. The pristine BNNTs form large aggregates of several micrometers (Figure 5a). In contrast, the P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs are highly dispersed in water and only single nanotubes are visible (Figure 5b). The size

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• solution containing ammonia water. Subsequently, a modified Stöber growth was performed where TEOS was continuously added over several hours with a peristaltic pump. In this way, particles with a diameter exceeding 500 nm and a narrow size distribution could be grown within one step (Figure S4H−J in

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• PDI (polydispersity index, respreswenting the size distribution) values always being <0.1 for all particles prepared by microfluidics). Moreover, the particles are easier to redisperse and are more stable within the aqueous suspension. Effect of polymer concentration The nanoprecipitation mechanism is

• 0.05 (0.27 ms) in contrast to τmix = 2.19 ms at a FRR of 0.6. Additionally, a focus channel of 50 µm was tested, but this, unfortunately, resulted in a multimodal size distribution of NPs, which is most likely due to the non-stable flow pattern (turbulent flow instead of laminar flow). Effect of

• no strong interaction with mucin from 0 to 180 min (Figure 11) as no change of size was determined. However, the size distribution for F68-coated particles increased from 0.035 to 0.5. For Pluronic 10500 stabilized particles, the increase was less pronounced, but still observable. In contrast, other

Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers

• Yue Fang and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218

• electric field vectors, and the largest resulting electric field intensity. Furthermore, the impact of the device design on the morphology and the yield of nanofibers was experimentally investigated. We found that the average diameter of the nanofibers prepared by the MFSE method was the largest. The size

• distribution of the nanofibers produced by the MBE device was the least uniform. In contrast, the size distributions of the nanofiber generated by the of MFSE and SSFSE devices were more uniform. These experimental data are in accordance with the results of the simulations and the theoretical analysis. Our

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• are almost completely removed during the hydrothermal synthesis and annealing process [41]. Full nitrogen sorption isotherms of the composites were measured to obtain the specific surface area and the pore size distribution. A type-IV isotherm with a type-H3 hysteresis loop in the relative pressure

• range of 0.45–1.0 P/P0 suggests the presence of a mesoporous structure, as displayed in Figure 5a. The specific surface area was calculated to be 131.72, 300.64, 539.16 m2·g−1 by using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The pore size distribution obtained from the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH

• carbon is reduced by hydrogen to cause further increase of carbon defects; and the crystallinity of the MoS2 nanosheets is further improved. This is consistent with the results of XRD and Raman. The pore size distribution of the composites exhibits a sharp peak at 3 nm and another broad peak at 40 nm

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• ) (Figure 2a and 2b). The size distribution of the NCs was determined with the Image J software (Figure 2c). The X-ray pattern of these NCs, reported in our previous work [48], showed peaks at 2θ = 28, 33, 37, 40.7, 47.5, 56, 61.5 and 64.5°, corresponding to the pyrite crystalline phase (pyrite JCPDS (Joint

• structure of PTB7 and PC71BM. a) and b) TEM images of the FeS2 NCs at the 50 and 100 nm scale and c) size distribution of the NCs. a) STM image of FeS2 deposited on HOPG substrate (thickness ≈20 nm) with 50 nm × 50 nm scan size and b) SEM image of FeS2 NCs (scale bar = 100 nm). a) Cyclic voltammograms of

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• improve the crystallinity. Such stabilization of the cubic phase of CuFe2O4 inside the pore channels of silica have been reported due to suppression of John–Teller distortion [16]. The surface area and pore size distribution of HYPS and CuFe2O4/HYPS were analyzed using BET theory and the nitrogen

• multifunctional theranostic applications, whereby the nanocomposite may be further engineered with biocompatible polymers, antioxidants and drugs. Powder XRD patterns of CuFe2O4/HYPS with different Cu concentrations (x = 0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.15 and 0.17). BET adsorption–desorption isotherm and pore size

• distribution of (a) HYPS and (b) 30 wt% CuFe2O4/HYPS. FTIR spectra of HYPS and 30 wt % CuFe2O4/HYPS. Transmission electron microscopy of (a, b) 30 wt % CuFe2O4/HYPS at different scale magnifications and (c, d) high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images of CuFe2O4/HYPS. Vibrating sample magnetometer spectrum of 30 wt

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• size distribution by scattering intensity (%) was determined by the CONTIN algorithm, as provided by the Zetasizer software (Malvern, UK). Particle size distribution by volume (%) was calculated from the scattering intensity distributions by the Zetasizer software, by setting the refractive index of

• presence of the Man-H1 proton (1, lower) in the product demonstrate the formation of the mannosylated polymer (A4-PEG8-PCL2-Man2). TEM images of A4-PEG8-PCL2 10 mg/mL in water; size distribution is dominated by small nanoparticles (diameter ≤ 20 nm). DLS size distribution (vol %) of the glycopolymers PEG9