Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

• materials obtained for the Cu(II)(hfac)2 and (hfac)Cu(I)VTMS precursor, respectively, can be attributed to the lower thermal stability of (hfac)CuVTMS which is 63 °C compared to 250 °C for Cu(hfac)2. Electrical measurements showed that the as-deposited FEBID lines from Cu(hfac)2 were highly resistive with a

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• moment, the molecules are likely to adsorb flat on crystalline templates and form ordered structures through self-assembly processes. Third, the PTCDA molecules are easily processable. They exhibit high thermal stability, as well as robustness against electron and photon bombardment. Therefore, one may

• favoured ordered structure [36]. Post-deposition annealing To test the thermal stability of the system, we have performed post-deposition annealing experiments. The annealing of the closed molecular layer performed at 100 °C does not lead to any significant change in the molecular assembly. The results are

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• thermal stability which define the lower and upper limits of usable temperature in sensible heat storage systems. In latent storage systems the melting temperature defines the temperature at which the heat is stored. In thermal power plants the stored heat can be used to generate steam which drives

• /nitrates For sensible heat storage at elevated temperatures (T > 100 °C) molten salts are most suitable. Advantages of molten salts are the high thermal stability, relatively low material costs, high heat capacity, high density, non-flammability and low vapor pressure. Due to the low vapor pressure

• mixture the material costs can be reduced. The non-eutectic mixture has a liquidus temperature of about 240 °C and the temperature limit of thermal stability is about 550 °C. For applications at higher temperatures salts with other anions, such as carbonates, chlorides and fluorides might be potential

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• thermal stability of the nanoparticles was tested. Before and after heat treatment, the nanoparticles were examined using transmission electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that

• materials, sensors and catalysts [4], or even environmental remediation or sieves [5]. For this reason, the study of the physical properties and the chemical and thermal stability of ferrite nanoparticles is of crucial importance [6]. Moreover, magnetite nanostructures can be relatively easy to obtain by a

• growth. On the other hand, it has been shown that for particular granular powders, the thermal stability increases with larger grain size [14]. These size-related effects are explained by enthalpy and stress, which influences the activation energy value [15]. Thermal sensitivity depends, in most cases

The convenient preparation of stable aryl-coated zerovalent iron nanoparticles

• Olga A. Guselnikova,
• Andrey I. Galanov,
• Anton K. Gutakovskii and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1192–1198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.121

• the aryl layers and evolution of carbon dioxide registered by a mass spectroscopy (MS) detector. The resulting data suggests the formation of a multilayer coating on the NPs surface. The 4-nitrophenyl-coated ZVI NPs exhibited a high thermal stability and did not show any indication of oxidation at

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• similar trend in the HOMO energies of Al(Op)3 and Alq3, we could, based on this single molecule energy analogy, assume that Al(Op)3, when implemented in a device, would prevent hole diffusion in the same manner as Alq3. In order to confirm the thermal stability of Al(Op)3, the complex was deposited by

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• components. These particles have been of interest as they can exhibit unique properties arising from the combination of core and shell material, geometry, and design [1][2]. Additionally, they have been designed so that the shell material can improve the reactivity, thermal stability, or oxidative stability

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• A2TinO2n+1, form a variety of layered structures for 3 ≤ n ≤ 6 in which the alkali cations (A) occupy the interlayer space. Thus, located alkali cations are mobile and are easily exchanged by protons. The resulting hydrogen titanates have poor thermal stability and can be easily transformed to TiO2 upon

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• surfaces, one must guarantee the thermal stability of the polymer. We thus developed a low-temperature process by using silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) and water as precursors and pyridine as catalyst. For PC track-etched membranes this approach successfully produces uniform and conformal SiO2 coatings. To

• applying an ALD process at 325 K using SiCl4, water, and pyridine. The adjustment of the ALD process to almost ambient temperature guarantees the thermal stability of the PC membrane. FTIR and XPS analysis confirm the successful deposition of SiO2. HRSEM and SAXS investigations provide clear evidence of a

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• intense research for theranostic delivery systems, especially in the field of cancer chemotherapy [7][8][9]. Their attractive properties such as good biocompatibility and excellent chemical and thermal stability ensure the stability and solubility of drugs in aqueous environments. Furthermore, their

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• for HT-PEMs, which is still one of the most promising concepts so far. PBI (poly[2,2'-(m-phenylene)-5,5'-bibenzimidazole]) itself is an aromatic heterocyclic polymer. The aromatic backbone provides excellent thermal stability with a glass transition temperature of 430 °C, good chemical resistance, and

Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO_2−x nanoparticle films

• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Sergio D’Addato,
• Gabriele Gasperi,
• Francesco Benedetti,
• Paola Luches,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Giovanni Bertoni and
• Sergio Valeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 60–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.7

• structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The thermal stability of the NPs was investigated by XPS. The aim of this work is to investigate the fundamental relationship between NPs chemical and physical properties, in order to improve the

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• exfoliation of graphite in water or polar solvents. This procedure yields stable solutions of negatively charged graphene sheets [13]. As charged, intercalating species, ionic liquids are considered a green alternative. The negligible vapour pressure, thermal stability, wide electrochemical potential window

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• Free (Pc) and metallophthalocyanines (M–Pc) are molecules of great interest because of their versatile optical and electronic properties as well as their thermal stability [1]. These properties make them attractive molecular materials for applications in photovoltaic cells [2], sensing devices [3][4

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• provides additional experimental insight into the question of thermal stability of the nanoparticles architecture. Here, not only the S-BPP molecules, but also the nanoparticles are expected to play a role. At low temperatures, the thermal energy kBT becomes comparable to their charging energy EC = e2/2C

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• % lower, but the enthalpy and the kinetic stability were higher compared with the melt-quenched glass variant. The rule of thumb that thermal stability is proportional to density is violated. (With a qualification “as long as the nature of the bonding between atoms does not change”, the above rule of

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• -boranes). As such, the group exploited the high oxidative and thermal stability of closo-boranes to prepare electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability window. The results demonstrated a novel carboranyl magnesium chloride electrolyte (1-(1,7-C2B10H11) MgCl) that is compatible with magnesium metal

• respond swiftly to the power demands of the system. Additionally, it is essential that the electrolytes have acceptable safety properties which include high thermal stability, low volatility, low flammability, low toxicity, and low reactivity with ambient air. Therefore, developing electrolytes possessing

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• nanostructures are mainly expected to differ in terms of their quality from those in bulk materials. In ZnO bulk material, the sensitivity and selectivity are not sufficiently high. ZnO nanocrystals possess a large surface atom/bulk atom ratio [7], which corresponds to a higher sensitivity, thermal stability [8

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• organic matrices. Inorganic materials with unique properties such as an enhanced absorption with varied particle sizes due to quantum confinement effect, relatively high electron mobility, high surface area and good thermal stability can provide an alternative path for the development of organic

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• on the high mobility of oxygen ions inside the ceria lattice [2][3]. Pure ceria, however, has a low thermal stability and is prone to sintering at high temperatures, which leads to its deactivation as a catalyst. The addition of a defined amount of zirconia enhances its active surface area, thermal

• stability, and oxygen storage capacity [3][4]. Such ceria/zirconia solid composite materials represent solid solutions in which the Ce/Zr ratio can be adjusted over a wide range. It has been shown that CexZr1−xO2 solid solutions have enhanced structural and textural properties, improved thermal stability as

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• thermal stability of the as-prepared (dried) photocatalyst with α-Al2O3 as the reference. Figure 6 shows the TG/DTA/DSC curves obtained from the dried gel of Ta2O5. The TGA graph shows a weight loss up to a temperature of 200 °C that is essentially attributed to dehydration. The decomposition of organic

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• thermoelectric devices. In particular, metal oxide nanowires are low-dimensional structures showing very promising and exciting properties. As a result of their large degree of crystallinity, they exhibit excellent thermal stability at high temperature and good electrical conductivity, leading to enhanced TPF

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• properties including chemical and thermal stability, physical abundance, as well as suitable bandgap energy and band position [1][2][3][4]. The polymeric nature of CN could facilitate the tuning of the physical and chemical properties by simply changing the CN precursors, by varying the pyrolysis conditions