Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• semiconductors and emit from the UV to the red region of the visible spectrum via bandgap tuning (i.e., on alloying with In and Al [5][6][7]). Similarly, other active materials for quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLED), such as the II–VI semiconductor family include ZnO, CdSe, CdS, CdTe, ZnSe, ZnS, ZnTe, and

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• . Liu et al. [131] exposed 5th-instar silkworm larvae to sublethal doses (0.08 and 0.32 nM) of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) with sizes of 530 and 720 nm for 48 hours. The larvae exposed to quantum dots exhibited lower larval body mass when compared to the control group and the mortality

• rates were significantly higher in the QD 530 nm group. They demonstrated that CdTe QDs with a particle size of 530 nm induced higher hemocyte apoptosis when compared to the CdTe QDs 720 nm group due to their smaller particle size and inhibitory effects on hematopoiesis. Silkworm fed with 100 ppm of Ag

• in order to deal with foreign cells. Quantum dots have unique optical properties that are used in biological imaging [147][148][149][150]. They are also known for their size-dependent cytotoxicity [151][152]. Silkworms were subjected to doses of 32 mM of CdTe QDs, 1 µg/µL of citric acid–nitrogen

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• ) such as CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, PbS and PbSe have widely been studied as luminescent nanomaterials [24][25]. This is attributed to the possibilities to tune their size, surface functionalities, quantum confinement and high quantum yield (60–90%) [26][27]. Importantly, SCQDs display a broad spectrum

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• mode. As the excited state is directly quenched no S2→S0 transition takes place and the molecules remain in their conformation [37]. In contrast, Saeed et al. reported a completely reversible and improved trans–cis isomerisation of an azobenzene ligand coordinated to semiconducting CdTe quantum dots

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• -processed organic donor–acceptor blends called bulk heterojunctions (BHJ), for polycrystalline direct bandgap semiconductors such as CdTe, CuInxGa(1−x)Se2 and Cu2ZnSnS4 and for hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells. Whatever material used, improving the performance of the solar cell requires a

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• inside the CdS/CdTe inorganic heterojunction improved the conversion efficiency of the PV device by up to 8% [19]. Moreover, FeS2 has also been used in perovskite solar cells as a hole transport layer (HTL) to reduce the fabrication cost, reaching efficiencies of up to 11.2% [20]. On the other hand, OPVs

• implemented as second electron acceptors in P3HT:PCBM solar cells, the current density increased from 6.69 to 7.63 mA/cm2 using a concentration of only 0.3 wt % FeS2 with respect to the acceptor [18]. Furthermore, FeS2 NPs have been used as a HTL in CdS/CdTe and perovskite solar cells [19][20], among other

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

• Rüdiger Berger,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

• beyond the scope of solar cells. Katherine Atamanuk and co-workers impressively demonstrate that SPM methods can also be used to perform tomography [7]. They apply photoconducting scanning force microscopy for mapping the open-circuit voltage of cadmium telluride (CdTe) polycrystalline thin film solar

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• have been employed as nanometer-thin-film light harvesters, such as Cu(Ga)InS(Se)2 or CdTe, showing a light conversion efficiency of up to 21% [1][2]. Progress in dye-sensitized solar cells (reaching ≈12% efficiency [1][2]) has stimulated attempts in using metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) as

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

• Katherine Atamanuk,
• Justin Luria and
• Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

• including many sensor and solar cell designs. For thin film solar cells such as CdTe, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are especially critical performance indicators, often varying between and even within individual grains. A new method for directly mapping the open-circuit voltage

• and ensemble photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, direct open-circuit voltage mapping is compatible with tomographic AFM, which additionally leverages gradual nanoscale milling by the AFM probe essentially for serial sectioning. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional results for CdTe solar cells

• during in situ illumination reveal local to mesoscale contributions to PV performance based on the order of magnitude variations in photovoltaic properties with distinct grains, at grain boundaries, and for sub-granular planar defects. Keywords: cadmium telluride (CdTe); photo-conductive AFM (pcAFM); PV

Robust midgap states in band-inverted junctions under electric and magnetic fields

• Álvaro Díaz-Fernández,
• Natalia del Valle and
• Francisco Domínguez-Adame

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1405–1413, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.133

• up to stage once again with the theoretical prediction by Bernevig et al. [3] of a topological insulating behaviour in a HgTe/CdTe quantum well. The difference between the latter and the quantum Hall system lies in the fact that the quantum well required no magnetic field at all, but just

• relativistic corrections (Darwin and mass–velocity interactions) large enough so as to invert the Γ6 and Γ8 bands [4]. The HgTe/CdTe quantum well possesses non-trivial edge states when a certain width is exceeded. In 2007, experiments verified this remarkable result and established the existence of the quantum

Non-equilibrium electron transport induced by terahertz radiation in the topological and trivial phases of Hg_1−xCd_xTe

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Alexey I. Artamkin,
• Alexey S. Kazakov,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Sergey A. Dvoretskiy,
• Nikolay N. Mikhailov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1035–1039, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.96

• synthesized by MBE. ZnTe and CdTe buffer layers, a CdTe-rich mercury cadmium telluride relaxed layer, a 3D Hg1−xCdxTe layer, and a CdTe-rich cap layer were successively grown on a GaAs (013) semi-insulating substrate (see the inset in upper right corner of the Figure 1). The active 3D Hg1−xCdxTe layer

• buffer and cap layers of the heterostructure are formed of Hg1−xCdxTe solid solutions with a relatively high CdTe content providing normal band structure ordering. The film under study is in the topological phase with the inverted relative positions of the conduction and light hole bands. The CdTe

• structure for both solid solutions is shown schematically to the left of the plots. The heterostructure layers are outlined in the right upper corner. The cap and relaxed Hg1−yCdyTe, buffer CdTe and ZnTe layers are indicated by the numbers from 1 to 4, respectively. Dependence of the absolute value of the

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• cells (1.519 eV for GaAs bulk at low temperature). Additionally, Ga is more abundant and less toxic than other elements (e.g., In and Cd, respectively) involved in other compounds commonly used in thin film-based solar cells like Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe. Bulk GaAs exhibits the zincblende (ZB) crystal

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• charge transfer [209]. The graphene layer, acting as an oxidation resistance layer, fills the open space by a conductive and transparent film and it protects the NWs from the harsh environment [210]. Cu NW–graphene has been used as the back contact in thin film CdTe solar cells giving a solar efficiency

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• PAH-covered oMWCNT, followed by the introduction of CdTe quantum dots leading to CdTe-SPIO-oMWCNT#Chen nanohybrids. Finally, we showed that oxidized nanotubes are attractive for hard Lewis acids, e.g., Fe3+ ions, and form stable nanomolecular complexes, namely Fe-oMWCNT#Kuźnik [41]. Further covalent

• on a nanotube results in a decrease of this value [32]. On the contrary, higher magnetization was recorded for the CdTe-SPIO-oMWCNT#Chen hybrid than for the SPIO solely [40]. No remnant magnetization was observed for the samples. Additionally, ZFC/FC curves as temperature functions provide other

• therefore increasing the resulting relaxivity [36]. On the other hand, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, both in the most common SPIO and in others (e.g., CoFe2O4, CdTe quantum dots), anchored on the nanotube net require an extension of the SBM theory [13][14]. Moreover, the hypothesis of CNT as a conducting

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• ][21]. This statement was recently supported by the Nyokong group [22] where FRET efficiencies up to 93% were predicted in nanocomposites based on glutathione-capped CdTe/CdS/ZnS QDs covalently linked with aluminium sulfonated phthalocyanine. However, analysis of donor PL quenching and acceptor PL

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• CdS [17][18], CdTe [19], CdSe [20][21][22][23][24], ZnO [25][26][27][28], GaN [26], and CuxS [29][30], reveal the SERS effect by optical phonons when placed in close proximity of Au or Ag nanoclusters. Among those, CdSe NCs have attracted much attention for SERS experiments for at least two reasons

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• ; semiconductor photoelectrochemistry; wide band gap oxide; Introduction Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) utilize light absorbed by semiconductor nanoparticles (CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, etc.) deposited on wide band gap oxide (WBGO) scaffolds (TiO2, ZnO, In2O3) which act as a photoanode [1][2][3][4][5][6

Combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering by CuS nanocrystals on nanopatterned Au structures

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Nikolay A. Yeryukov,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Victor A. Gridchin,
• Evgeniya S. Sheremet and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 749–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.77

• resonance [10][11]. SERS by LO phonons of CdTe was investigated in mixed Ag-CdTe NCs with a controllable Ag nanoparticle/CdTe NC mixture ratio [12]. The first report on the observation of the SERS effect by optical phonons in CuS NCs on ordered arrays of Au nanoclusters fabricated in a nanolithography

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• . The thioglycolic acid (TGA)-coated CdTe QDs were synthesized from CdCl2·5H2O. Finally, the desired nanocomposites were coated with silica in a reverse microemulsion process. To check the biological compatibility of these prepared hybrid nanocomposites, these were covalently conjugated with goat

• antimouse IgG (GM IgG). The characterization of the prepared nanocomposites was performed through TEM, UV–vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy studies. The absorption peak for CdTe QDs was observed at 570 nm and was shifted to 540 nm after silica coating of NPs. This shift

• was also seen in the fluorescence spectra, in which the emission spectra shifted from 610 to 580 nm. Such shift in the absorption and emission spectra was attributed to a possible corrosion of CdTe QDs after silica coating. Magnetic properties of these hybrid nanocomposites were monitored at room

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• for the preparation of CdTe nanowires. For this purpose, electrochemical deposition from a bath containing Cd and Te ions was employed. This process leads to high aspect ratio CdTe nanowires, which were harvested and placed on a substrate with lithographically patterned, interdigitated electrodes

• properties. Keywords: CdTe; electrodeposition; nanowires; transport properties; Introduction Nanowires, which are quasi one-dimensional structures, are considered an extremely important class of nanostructures, regarded as highly effective building blocks for future electronic devices [1][2][3][4]. In

• a well-established method of plating conductive substrates with a specific metal or alloy. During the last decades, semiconductor electrodeposition became more and more attractive, as it may represent a viable alternative to more expensive fabrication methods [14][15][16]. CdTe electroplating is an

Carrier multiplication in silicon nanocrystals: ab initio results

• Ivan Marri,
• Marco Govoni and
• Stefano Ossicini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 343–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.33

• cell efficiency. Effects induced by CM on the excited carrier dynamics have been observed in a wide range of systems, for instance PbSe and PbS [12][13][14][15][16], CdSe and CdTe [17][18][19], PbTe [20], InAs [21], InP [22] and Si [23]. These effects have been studied using different theoretical

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• resulting from CdSe and CdTe QD exposure to cultured cells was attributed to the presence of Cd2+ ions during the initial stages of synthesis or during in situ release, resulting in mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress [8][9]. The isolation of toxic core contents by coating the CdSe nanocrystals with a

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• , resulting in a loss of fluorescence. This would otherwise confirm the 65Zn results, however, this was in contrast to Yank et al. who followed commercial PEG 5000-coated CdTe/ZnS Qdots by tracing their fluorescence in mice for 28 d and measured 111Cd by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• materials composed of graphene and photoactive components, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, have been prepared and evaluated regarding photo-induced charge transfer phenomena [16][17][18]. Moreover, semiconducting quantum dots such as CdS [19][20][21][22], CdSe [23][24][25][26], CdTe [27][28], ZnO