Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• states to widen the light response region significantly up to 557 nm and (2) functioning as electron capture centers to accelerate charge carrier separation. According to ESR measurements, B-doped Bi3O4Cl can create more •O2− and •OH radicals. Consequently, the B-doped sample has a 3-fold and 2.1-fold

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• test, electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, and other methods. This work might be helpful for the development of MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction materials. Experimental Synthesis of MgO/g-C3N4 For the synthesis of g-C3N4, 30 g of urea was ground manually for 30 min and then placed in a 100 mL crucible

• (HR-XPS). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the materials was carried out in the form of fluorescence analysis with an excitation wavelength range of 200–900 nm. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was determined by trapping tests and ESR measurements. Photocatalytic performance The

• scavenger also reduces the NO decomposition by about 1.3 times. The weak contribution of •OH radicals in the NO degradation is clearly shown, with a reduction in efficiency by only about 1%. Hence, electrons and holes are the main contributors to the photocatalytic NO degradation. Also, ESR was used to

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiment suggest that the electron transfer path between Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) accords with the Z-type transfer mechanism. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathways were investigated via the analysis of the intermediate products in the degradation process

• degradation efficiency of CTC decreased to 73.6% and 65.1%, respectively, indicating that h+ and •OH also played a role in the photocatalytic process to some extent. To further confirm the free radicals produced in the photocatalytic degradation of CTC, ESR spectra of the samples were measured. As given in

• results from radical trapping and ESR experiments. Thus, the Z-scheme charge-transfer model is expected to clarify the photocatalytic mechanism of BOM-20 for degradation of CTC. As illustrated in Figure 10, under visible-light irradiation, MIL101(Fe) and Bi2O3 can be excited to produce e− and

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• reports still proposed its photocatalytic behaviors partly based on •O2− species via the combination of experimental physicochemical analyses, such as electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, active species trapping experiments, valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and diffuse

• •O2− radicals played a primary role in the photocatalytic NO oxidation. Additionally, using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, XPS, active species trapping tests, and ESR spectroscopy, the authors studied the photoinduced charge migration and trapping. They proposed the band structure of the SnO2

• trapping experiments and time-dependent ESR signals (Figure 16). Electrons and holes are equally important for photocatalysis [72]. Conclusion Regarding the improvement of the photocatalytic NO degradation over SnO2 nanomaterials there are many developments and approaches, such as BiOBr/SnO2, g-C3N4/SnO2

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• . Therefore, different electrical components contribute to the equivalent circuit of the EIS results. Warburg element, charge transfer resistance (Rct), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) are some of the elements that contribute to the resistive behavior [11]. At this point, we highly suggest to the

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• applications, is given in [21], which includes details on biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery as well as biocompatibility. The toxicity of diamond nanostructures is also discussed. Electron spin resonance (ESR) of the NVs themselves is exploited in [22] to achieve single-spin subwavelength resolution in

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• Instruments, USA). The pore size distribution was calculated using the Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. The photoluminescence (PL) was measured on a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-4500, Hitachi, Japan). Electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of the reactive species spin trapped by 5,5-dimethyl-1

• the ESR spectra of the samples 2-S0 (a, e), 2-S2 (b, f), 2-S3 (c, g) and 2-S5 (d, h). Prior to irradiation, there is no obvious signal in the ESP spectra. After irradiation, the superoxide radical (•O2−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) signals clearly appear for all the samples. TiO2 is excited by photons

• + + H2O →•OH + H+ [44]. For the superoxide radical (•O2−), the peak height (h) in the ESR spectrum of sample 2-S0 is 2.2 × 105. As RS/Ti increases, the peak height varies between 1.9 × 105 and 2.5 × 105. For the hydroxyl radical (•OH), the peak height varies in the range from 1.6 × 106 to 3.7 × 106. The 2

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• nitroxide radical (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl, TEMPOL) is used to generate the corresponding 1-oxyl radical by the reaction with 1O2 [124]. The final product is subjected to electron spin resonance (ESR) for the quantification of 1O2 as shown in Figure 14a. A terrylene diimide (TDI

• observed using a light microscope [125][126]. Finally, since the 1O2 species possess paramagnetic properties caused by the orbital angular momentum, they can be quantified by direct ESR detection [127]. Therefore, an ESR spectrometer with a microwave frequency of about 9 GHz (X-band) could be used to

• various ROSs, the rate constant of •OH is almost at the diffusion limit and hence the reactivity of •OH is considerably high. The detection methods utilized for •OH in photocatalysis are focussed on (1) laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), (2) spin-trapping ESR and (3) fluorescent probe methods. Laser

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

• Azar Aliabadi,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Vladislav Kataev and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

• material science applications. Moreover, it would be fascinating if electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic studies could give access to the spin density distribution of type-II complexes as an experimentally achievable measure of the magnetic superexchange couplings of type-III complexes and of

• the following we aim to review on efforts to determine the spin density distribution of mononuclear type-II and related complexes by ESR spectroscopy as a measure of the magnetic superexchange interactions of their related trinuclear type-III complexes. Review The concept The spin density of the NCO

• complexes and vice versa. Spin densities or the spin density distribution, respectively, of paramagnetic transition-metal complexes can be determined by making use of ESR spectroscopy. This method in its continuous wave [33] and, in particular, in the microwave-pulse versions [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

• Konstantin L. Ivanov,
• Alexander Wagenpfahl,
• Carsten Deibel and
• Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

Tuning the spin coherence time of Cu(II)−(bis)oxamato and Cu(II)−(bis)oxamidato complexes by advanced ESR pulse protocols

• Ruslan Zaripov,
• Evgeniya Vavilova,
• Iskander Khairuzhdinov,
• Kev Salikhov,
• Violeta Voronkova,
• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Vladislav Kataev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 943–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.96

• Materials Research IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.96 Abstract We have investigated with the pulsed ESR technique at X- and Q-band frequencies the coherence and relaxation of Cu spins S = 1/2 in

• complex molecular structures in prototype spintronic devices. Furthermore, in our work we propose an improved CPMG pulse protocol that enables elimination of unwanted echoes that inevitably appear in the case of inhomogeneously broadened ESR spectra due to the selective excitation of electron spins

• . Keywords: electron spin echo; ESR; hyperfine interaction; molecular complexes; spin coherence; Introduction Cu(II)−(bis)oxamato and Cu(II)−(bis)oxamidato complexes have attracted in the recent past substantial attention as precursor materials for the synthesis of the corresponding polynuclear complexes

Probing the magnetic superexchange couplings between terminal Cu^II ions in heterotrinuclear bis(oxamidato) type complexes

• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Azar Aliabadi,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Frederik Schleife,
• Berthold Kersting and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.82

• shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6. All curves can be very well fitted with the Brillouin function for spin S = 1/2 and the spectroscopic g-factor g = 2.1 determined from the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra (not shown): Here, NS=1/2 is the number of spins 1/2 in the molecule, µB is the Bohr

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• temperature is equal to about θ = −78 K. The negative sign of this value suggests a contribution of the antiferromagnetically coupled Co–Co pairs, as often reported for a Zn1−xCoxO system [41]. The contribution of such pairs to the magnetic response was also observed in electron spin resonance (ESR

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• magnetometer. It is found that the maximum loss occurs at 17.9 GHz (−23.10 dB, 99% loss) which is due to the composition of a conducting polymer and a suitable magnetic material. A significant role of polyaniline has been observed in ESR. The influence of the magnetic properties on the radiation losses is

• structural, magnetic and radiation absorbance properties of synthesized compounds have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM

• size 0.02°). Attached functional groups have been analysed with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR interferometer IR prestige-21 FTIR (model-8400S)) in the range of 400–4000 cm−1 by making calcined product pallets with KBr in a weight ratio of 1:10. ESR measurements were performed at room

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Scanning probe microscopy and related methods

• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 155–157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.18

• optical microscopy, SNOM: Scanning nearfield optical microscopy, TSM: Thermal scanning microscopy, cr-AFM: contact-resonance AFM, SPSTM: Spin polarized STM, SHPM: Scanning Hall probe microscopy, SGM: Scanning gate microscopy, SVM: Scanning voltage microscopy / Nanopotentiometry, ESR-STM: Electron spin