(Metallo)porphyrins for potential materials science applications

• Lars Smykalla,
• Carola Mende,
• Michael Fronk,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Michael Hietschold,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1786–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.180

• (metallo)phthalocyanines as the organic part and different inorganic materials has been the explored with respect to its application potential in a comprehensive recent review [43]. Results Local electrical transport characteristics and morphology characteristics of nanostructured CuTPP(OMe)4 on Ni

• rate 5 Å/min, temperature 325 °C) on a 30 nm thick nickel bottom electrode on top of a Si(100)/SiO2 wafer (Figure 2). Here, Ni substrates were selected for the growth of CuTPP(OMe)4 in order to investigate a system that may possess valuable possibilities for future device applications, in which the

• mechanism of the organic material. A shadow mask during deposition was employed to avoid additional photolithography processing. This shadow mask also allows for the formation of thin molecular dendrites and even single dendrites on the Ni surface (Figure 2). The growth conditions of the dendrites were

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• -sample magnetometer calibrated by a Ni sample of similar dimensions as the studied sample. The magnetometer was composed of the vibrator, the lock-in amplifier, and the electromagnet. The magnetic field was measured by a testameter FH 54 (Magnet-Physics Dr. Steingrover GmbH). a) TEM image of cobalt

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• magnetic properties and their greater stability toward oxidation compared to Ni- and Fe-based magnetic nanoparticles [23]. Notably, there have been a handful of studies on magneto-optical nanostructures consisting of cobalt coated with gold. Bao and co-workers synthesized magnetic Co–Au core–shell

Surface functionalization of 3D-printed plastics via initiated chemical vapor deposition

• Christine Cheng and
• Malancha Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1629–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.162

• introduced into the reactor using a mass flow controller (MKS Type 1152C). Immediately before polymer deposition, the stage temperature was raised to the appropriate temperature for deposition, which was 35 °C unless otherwise stated. During deposition, a nichrome filament (Omega Engineering, 80%/20% Ni/Cr

High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach

• Juan Ren and
• Qingze Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1563–1570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.158

• and implemented in a Matlab xPC-target (R2010a) system, and applied to the AFM imaging through a computer-based data acquisition system (NI-6259, National Instrument, sampling frequency: 20 kHz). The AFM system was modified to allow for direct acquisition of all the required sensor signals and direct

Low-temperature CO oxidation over Cu/Pt co-doped ZrO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1546–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.156

• , different types of catalysts including monometallic (e.g., Pt, Pd, Rh, Au, Ni, Co and Sn), bimetallic (e.g., Pd–Au, Pd–Rh, Pt–Co, Cu–Rh, Au–Cu and Au–Ag) along with various types of supports (e.g., CeO2, SiO2, Al2O3, Co3O4, Fe2O3, activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ZrO2) have been reported

• ZrO2-based composite showed very high catalytic activity [23]. The addition of Pt, Ni, Rh and Cu into the support result in an increase in oxygen vacancies, oxygen storage capacity, smaller particle size, high specific surface area, and better stability of the material [24][25][26][27][28]. Recently

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• microscope using a 100× objective. The crystal structure was studied by using a Panalytical X’Pert PRO MPD X-Ray diffractometer (Ni filtered Cu Kα radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA) operated in the θ–2θ mode. The background was subtracted using the Sonneveld method [35]. The composition of the films was

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• susceptibility measurements (for 7 and 8) and (broken symmetry) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. An S = 2 ground state is demonstrated by temperature-dependent susceptibility and magnetization measurements, achieved by ferromagnetic coupling between the spins of the Ni(II) ions in 7 (J = +22.3 cm−1

• surely validate the atom connectivity of the [Ni2L(L’)]+ complex and the binding mode of the coligands. Figure 2 shows ORTEP and van der Waals representations of the structure of the [Ni2L(HL4)]+ cation in 6, with the mercaptohexanoate unit bridging the two Ni(II) ions in a symmetrical fashion as

• complex at 300 K increases from 4.78·μB (8: 4.80 μB) at 300 K to a maximum value of 5.36 μB at 23 K (8: 5.27 μB). On lowering the temperature further the magnetic moment decreases to 4.60 μB (or 4.34 μB) at 2 K. This behavior suggests that the electron spins on the two Ni(II) (S = 1) ions are coupled by

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• nanoparticles with nominal composition Me0.5Fe2.5O4 (Me = Co, Fe, Ni or Mn) have been successfully prepared by the wet chemical method. The obtained particles have a mean diameter of 11–16 ± 2 nm and were modified to improve their magnetic properties and chemical activity. The surface of the pristine

• of main importance while its application is considered. Therefore, in this paper, we selected four types of ferrite nanoparticles (magnetite, and magnetite doped with Ni, Co, or Mn elements, respectively), and studies on the immobilization of biologically active particles were done. For this purpose

• Ni ions influence the crystallization process (which turned out to be slower in comparison to Fe). This observation explains the observed differences in the Mössbauer spectra from those presented in previous studies [17]. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) To confirm the substitution of Fe by

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• yields exceeding 80%. The porphyrins 2 and 3 could be converted to the corresponding metalloporphyrins MTPP(C(O)NR2)4 (R = Me/iPr for M = Zn (2a, 3a); Cu (2b, 3b); Ni (2c, 3c); Co (2d, 3d)) by the addition of 3 equiv of anhydrous MCl2 (M = Zn, Cu, Ni, Co) to dimethylformamide solutions of 2 and 3 at

• porphyrins of the type H2TPP(OH)4 (tetra(p-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin) [6][7] and MTPP(OMe)4/H2TPP(OMe)4 (tetra(p-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin) (M = Cu [8][9], Ni [9]), cf. Figure 1. The properties of the metalloporphyrins are governed by the (transition) metal ions and the exocyclic moieties on the individual

• , with H2TPP(C(O)NMe2)4 (2) and MTPP(C(O)N(iPr)2)4 (M = Zn (2a), Cu (2b), Ni (2c), Co (2d); R = iPr, with H2TPP(C(O)N(iPr)2)4 (3) and MTPP(C(O)N(iPr)2)4 (M = Zn (3a), Cu (3b), Ni (3c), Co (3d)). The aim of this report is not only to describe their synthesis and characterization (ESIMS, FTIR, NMR, UV–vis

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• materials with good functional properties [1][2][3]. Many chemical compositions of metallic glasses based on Mg have been extensively reported in recent years [4][5][6][7], but among all the studied glassy materials, the Mg-TM-RE (TM – transition metal: Cu, Ni, Zn, Ag; RE – rare-earth transition metal: Y

• copper mold casting exhibited bulk form with a diameter up to 4 mm. Ren et al. [15] studied the impact of Ni on the Mg65Cu25−xY10Nix (x = 0, 3, 6 atom %) alloy system due to the growth of crystalline phases and the formation of an amorphous structure. They also found that a small amount of Ni could

• in the form of ribbons with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a width of 10 mm by the melt spinning (MS) technique [16][17][18]. The master alloys as starting materials for MS casting were achieved by the induction melting of pure Mg, Cu, Y and Ni under an argon atmosphere. During the MS, the metallic

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• carbon in nickel at high temperatures and removing the metal after the deposition process. Here carbon is introduced into Ni by deposition of C/Ni sandwich layers or by ion implantation [28] or dissolution of carbon into nickel in a plasma-enhanced CVD process [29]. Upon heating up to about 1000 °C

• carbon dissolves in Ni with a substantial solubility and during cooling down it segregates to the Ni–substrate interface where it precipitates as graphene. After etching off the nickel, the graphene film is exposed. The complete process sequence is shown in Figure 2 [29]. By choosing the appropriate

• temperature profile and C/Ni ratio the number of graphene layers can be controlled. However, process control is difficult and Ni grain boundaries can lead to an inhomogeneous thickness distribution of the graphene layer. A similar approach utilizes the diffusion of carbon species from a CVD atmosphere along

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

• such as V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that fly ash particles are porous and have very irregular shapes with particle sizes of 20–50 μm. The treatment of fly ash was carried out in a plasma reactor and in two steps. In the first step, fly ash was treated

• alkaline earth metals (Ba, Ca, and Mg). These metals are added to the fuel oils for the suppression of soot or for corrosion control [2][3]. This fly ash is toxic because it contains a high percentage of heavy metals, such as V and Ni. Furthermore, the landfill of fly ash is expensive and causes several

• were V, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Ni, and Rh. The minor constituents (10–100 mg/kg) include Br, Si, and Al. The fly ash contains also toxic elements such as Pb, As, Zn, and Cr but with relatively low concentrations. In addition, the fly ash samples have been analyzed for carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• simultaneous fits of all spectra of the same ion. In the three final models, the number of oxygen neighbors was set to 6 in all cases. For all spectra in the model, we used the same values for the energy shift E0, the amplitude parameter S02, path lengths ri and coordination numbers Ni of manganese neighbors

CVD transfer-free graphene for sensing applications

• Chiara Schiattarella,
• Sten Vollebregt,
• Tiziana Polichetti,
• Brigida Alfano,
• Ettore Massera,
• Maria Lucia Miglietta,
• Girolamo Di Francia and
• Pasqualina Maria Sarro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1015–1022, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.102

• substrates for the fabrication of devices [16][17][18][19]. A step forward in the direction of the transfer-free synthesis has been made by Kwak et al. [20] who proposed a diffusion-assisted synthesis method for uniform and controllable deposition of graphene films with micrometre-sized grains at a Ni/SiO2

• interface. More recently, Lukosius et al. have shown the successful growth of a graphene layer underneath Ni bars on insulating SiO2 layers, so avoiding the metal contamination problems and complexity associated to graphene transfer [21]. In the present work, we show the results of the sensing performances

• made as thin as 50 nm without any segregation at the graphene CVD temperature (≈1000 °C), because of the higher melting point of Mo (2623 °C) compared to that of other conventional catalysts such as Cu (1085 °C) or Ni (1455 °C). Moreover, this allows a pre-patterning the film for the selective growth

Tuning the spin coherence time of Cu(II)−(bis)oxamato and Cu(II)−(bis)oxamidato complexes by advanced ESR pulse protocols

• Ruslan Zaripov,
• Evgeniya Vavilova,
• Iskander Khairuzhdinov,
• Kev Salikhov,
• Violeta Voronkova,
• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Vladislav Kataev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 943–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.96

• single crystals of diamagnetically diluted mononuclear [n-Bu4N]2[Cu(opba)] (1%) in the host lattice of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opba)] (99%, opba = o-phenylenebis(oxamato)) and of diamagnetically diluted mononuclear [n-Bu4N]2[Cu(opbon-Pr2)] (1%) in the host lattice of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opbon-Pr2)] (99%, opbon-Pr2 = o

• with pulse ESR at the X- and Q-band frequencies. The first complex is the diamagnetically diluted mononuclear [n-Bu4N]2[Cu(opba)] complex (1%) in the host lattice of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opba)] (99%, opba = o-phenylenebis(oxamato)), and the second one is the diamagnetically diluted mononuclear [n-Bu4N]2[Cu

• (opbon-Pr2)] complex (1%) in the host lattice of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opbon-Pr2)] (99%, opbon-Pr2 = o-phenylenebis(N(propyl)oxamidato)) (Figure 1). We have shown that the CPMG pulse sequence can maintain the spin coherence on the time scale of up to ≈10 µs at low temperatures in the first complex whereas the

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• hydrocarbons on metallic and carbidic nanoparticles at temperatures up to 650 °C demonstrated that the particles remained crystalline during the growth process, although their shape was modified [41][59][60][61][62]. In particular, it was shown that crystalline Ni nanoparticles with a size down to ≈4–5 nm

• MWCNTs on the crystalline Fe3C nanoparticles. The TEM data testified that carbon atoms migrated through the bulk of nanoparticles during the nanotube growth. Figure 3 presents environmental and high-resolution TEM images of various stages of SWNT growth on Ni catalytic particles [59]. The ETEM images in

• Figure 3a,b recorded at 615 °C show Ni particles for which SWCNT nucleation has stopped early. On top of each catalyst particle, a small-sized carbon cap is visible. Crystalline lattice fringe contrast is seen in the Ni particle, as marked by white lines. The authors of [59] assigned strong reflections

Probing the magnetic superexchange couplings between terminal Cu^II ions in heterotrinuclear bis(oxamidato) type complexes

• Mohammad A. Abdulmalic,
• Saddam Weheabby,
• Francois E. Meva,
• Azar Aliabadi,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Frederik Schleife,
• Berthold Kersting and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.82

• .8.82 Abstract The reaction of one equivalent of [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opboR2)] with two equivalents of [Cu(pmdta)(X)2] afforded the heterotrinuclear CuIINiIICuII containing bis(oxamidato) type complexes [Cu2Ni(opboR2)(pmdta)2]X2 (R = Me, X = NO3– (1); R = Et, X = ClO4– (2); R = n-Pr, X = NO3– (3); opboR2 = o

• . Selected bond lengths and angles of the [Ni(opboR2)]2– and of the [Cu(pmdta)]2+ complex fragments of 1A–3A are given in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Crystal and structural refinement data are summarized in Table 3. The NiII ions of 1A–3A are coordinated by four deprotonated amide N donor atoms to

• -containing bis(oxamato) complex [n-Bu4N]2[Ni(opba)] (11) [23] and the related bis(oxamidato) type complex [Ph4P]2[Ni(opboMe2)] (12) [9] the following observation has been made: Three of bond angles of the central NiN2O2/NiN4 coordination units are small (11: 85.79(8)–86.18(5)°; 12: 82.7(3)–84.7(3)°), while

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• NPs of transition metal (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu, Fe) oxides for LIB applications by using 2 µm cobalt oxide (CoO) particles, achieving an electrochemical capacity of 700 mAh·g−1 with 100% capacity retention for up to 100 cycles [26]. For metal oxide in LIB applications, volume expansion occurs during the Li

• using ambient pressure CVD on polycrystalline Ni; this was transferred to a variety of substrates like SiO2/Si or glass [36]. For the preparation of graphene–NP hybrids, bulk quantities of GSs are required. Therefore, for the synthesis of graphene–NP hybrid systems, top-down approaches have been used in

• plays a role. Mao et al. have prepared 3D crumbled cobalt–GO nanostructure hybrids which show both ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [171]. Wu et al. have prepared 3D Co3O4/flocculent graphene hybrids on Ni foam for supercapacitor applications as their nanocluster morphology synergistically

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• activation enthalpy were measured in the nanostructured Cu synthesized by IGC [14][15][16]. And a comparable diffusivity with that of conventional grain boundaries (GBs) was revealed in a nanostructured γ-Fe–Ni alloy prepared by ball milling with subsequent sintering (BMS), while inter-agglomerate boundaries

• experimental results. For example, Würschum et al. [19] found that diffusivities in a SPD Pd sample are similar to those in conventional GBs. However, Kolobov et al. [20] detected an increment of 104–105 in GB diffusivities (with lower activation enthalpy) of Cu in a SPD Ni sample in comparison with those in a

• remarkable penetration of Ni into the GNS surface layer of the SMAT Cu has been detected at temperatures below 150 °C [38][51][52]. The effective diffusivity in the top surface layer is ≈3 orders of magnitude higher than that along relaxed HAGBs in the annealed CG sample at 130 °C. Furthermore, it is noticed

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• developed in “NI LabVIEW” and the conductance was recorded simultaneously with the same program. The electrochemical potential was set using a feedback mechanism, in which the measured conductance was compared with a preset value of quantum conductance of the copper atomic-scale transistor. A transistor

• output signal Uout and the rectangular waveform generated with the function generator were simultaneously recorded using an A/D card (NI PCI-6221) with a custom-developed program. The maximum output of the A/D card is −10.6/10.6 V and the absolute read signal Uout is truncated by the A/D card when it

Modeling of the growth of GaAs–AlGaAs core–shell nanowires

• Qian Zhang,
• Peter W. Voorhees and
• Stephen H. Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 506–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.54

• surface diffusion for typical temperatures and length scales. Moreover, the motion of the atoms along the surface due to surface diffusion is driven by the difference of the chemical potentials between neighbouring facets. The average chemical potential on the i-th facet is calculated by where ni is the

• unit normal vector of the i-th facet and γ(ni) is the surface energy density on the i-th facet. Thus, if there is deposition, the mass conservation around the surface gives the following equations: where ui is the normal velocity of the i-th facet, is the surface diffusion flux along i-th facet and μi

Advances in the fabrication of graphene transistors on flexible substrates

• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Stella Lo Verso,
• Silvestra Di Marco,
• Vincenzo Vinciguerra,
• Emanuela Schilirò,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Raffaella Lo Nigro,
• Fabrizio Roccaforte,
• Amaia Zurutuza,
• Alba Centeno,
• Sebastiano Ravesi and
• Filippo Giannazzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.50

• transferred to the target substrate. In this sense, the use of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on various metals (Ni [7], Cu [13]) and using various precursors [14] represents the most suitable choice. Among the various device architectures, Gr-FET-based sensors can represent a great

• were fabricated by lift-off of a 30/120 nm thick Ni/Au double layer, which partially overlaps the edges of the graphene channel. A complete Gr-FET device is shown in the optical microscopy image in Figure 4c and schematically illustrated in Figure 4d. Furthermore, the resistance contributions which

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• centrifugation at 30,000g for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was added to 5 Ni-TED 2,000 columns (Macherey-Nagel) per 1 L of expression culture that had been equilibrated with 40 column volumes of lysis buffer. The columns were then washed with 15 column volumes of lysis buffer, followed by wash buffer I (50 mM

• containing HTRA2 were pooled and concentrated with protein concentrator spin columns (Vivaspin 20 MWCO 50,000, GE Healthcare Life Sciences). The concentrated protein was diluted with lysis buffer to a final imidazole concentration of 20 mM. The sample was then added to 2 mL Ni-NTA superflow resin (QIAGEN

• ) per 1 L of expression culture that had been equilibrated with 40 column volumes of lysis buffer. The columns were then washed as described for the Ni-TED columns. Additionally, a third washing step with 40 column volumes of wash buffer III was included (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 8.0, 300 mM NaCl, 70 mM

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• ) with Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.542 Å) over a range of 2θ from 20 to 80°. The data were obtained with an step size of 0.02° and a scan rate of 0.5°/min. The specific surface area of the samples was obtained using a BET instrument using N2 as adsorbent (Micrometrics, ASAP 2010). UV–vis