Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• manifests as an increment in the photoluminescence (PL), conductivity, and electroluminescence (EL) of the LED [24][25]. Other MNP with SPR properties include Al, Pt, Pd, and Cu [26][27][28][29]. In general, SPR not only increases the radiative recombination lifetime values, but also the quantum yield

• with thickness values ranging from 2 to 8 nm and with AgNP of 6 nm of thickness [104]. A six-fold and a two–fold enhancement in the PL emission has been observed by capping the ZnMgO alloy with Pt and AgNP, respectively. Figure 9a is the PL spectra of the ZnMgO, Pt/ZnMgO, Ag/ZnMgO and PtNP at room

• ,“Hybrid organic-inorganic light-emitting diodes: Effect of Ag-doped ZnO”, pages 88–96, Copyright (2016), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Room temperature PL spectra of ZnMgO, Pt/ZnMgO, Ag/ZnMgO, and PtNP. A six-fold and a two-fold enhancement in the PL emission

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• times [1][2][3][4][5]. Nowadays, Pt and Au NEAs find a wide range of applications in electroanalytical chemistry, electrocatalysis, bioelectrochemistry, and kinetic measurements [6][7][8][9][10]. Several strategies have been applied for the fabrication of NEAs. Modern instrumental techniques (such as

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• ligands attached to the metal center of the porphyrin were observed regardless of the type of surface (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and Au surfaces were used), solvent (1-phenyloctane and n-tetradecane) and tip material (Pt/Ir, Au, and W), which indicates that the ligands have to be decoupled

• , or metals [83]. Rothe et al. [84] demonstrated that semimetallic graphene is an appropriate buffer layer for the physical and chemical decoupling of rubrene from Pt(111). The strong molecule–surface interaction on Pt(111) is expressed by hit-and-stick adsorption due to a substantial diffusion barrier

• . In contrast, on graphene/Pt(111) the growth of molecular domains is facilitated. Electronically, the width of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) resonance is reduced by a factor of ten on graphene/Pt(111) compared to bare Pt(111) due to a reduction of the molecule–surface hybridization

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• anisotropic gold nanoparticles through the process of proton transfer (PT) [67]. A 1-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dioxo-1H-imidazo[3,4-b]isoindole (ADCL)-based PT process on anisotropic gold nanoparticles was found to be accelerated compared to isotropic gold nanoparticles. The role of surface chemistry in

• reducing agent ascorbic acid and the DES. The result was remarkable as the synthesis involved no surfactant or seeds. The Sun group also synthesized platinum nanoflowers of ca. 200 nm size with high monodispersity using DESs [93]. The group also successfully synthesized triambic icosahedral (TIH) Pt

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• . Chen et al. [39] proposed Z-shaped Au/Pt hybrid self-actuation micro/nanorobot for cancer treatment and targeted drug delivery systems. It is based on self-electrophoretic actuation. The platinum end is designed to be wider than the gold end. Thus, the movement of the micro/nanorobot was directed

• [25], Copyright © 2021 Zheng et al., licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Movement of TiO2/Pt microrobots. (A) Snapshot images of a TiO2/Pt microrobot moving in a solution of 0.5 wt % H2O2 and 0.1 wt % surfactant. Scale

• bars: 10 μm. (B) Speed of the TiO2/Pt microrobots at different concentrations of H2O2 (n = 10; error bars represent the standard deviation). Reproduced from [42], Copyright © 2020 Villa et al., licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• MoS2 ML, where n = 1–4. Co and Ru are of great interest in conjunction with MoS2 for application in advanced interconnects as alternatives to Cu [30][31][32][33][34][35] and TaN. Applications in catalysis include Pt-free hydrogen evolution catalysts [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Interconnects require high

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• junctions by the HIM method has again been demonstrated [48]. Ferromagnetic properties The first demonstration of defect engineering using the HIM was actually for a magnetic device by Franken and co-authors [49]. In this work, ferromagnetic microstrips comprising Pt(4 nm)/Co(0.6 nm)/Pt(2 nm) layers on an

• resolution capability of the helium ion beam enabling the creation of a sharper energy barrier at the domain wall. Later work in this area employed similar helium ion doses (1–4 × 1015 ions/cm2) to locally reduce the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a Co/Pt multilayered thin film [50]. Here, patterns

• disks was achieved by inhomogeneous irradiation using a concentric pattern with a higher dose on the outside, rather than using homogeneous irradiation [32] (Figure 2e). Nanoscale magnetic patterning of Co/Pt multilayers using a checkerboard helium ion irradiation pattern has also recently been

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• , for example, La, Bi, and Ta, which are often rare, toxic, and expensive [6]. Also, expensive noble metal-based cocatalysts (e.g., Pt) are required to improve the photocatalytic performance. As such, an ideal photocatalyst for water splitting reaction should fit the following criteria: suitable bandgap

• deposition of Pt as the cocatalyst, P45 exhibited the most prominent photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution (29.6 μmol·h−1, 100 mg) under visible light. These results suggest that the D–π–A architecture might be better than the conventional D–A counterpart for designing high-performance polymer-based

• light [97]. Consequently, the average HERs of P82/TiO2 and P83/TiO2 with Pt as cocatalyst dramatically increased to 11.3 and 3.9 times, respectively, as high as that of using TiO2 only. Chen et al. attempted to incorporate several CPs, that is, P37, P40, and P84 (Figure 5 and Figure 10), with TiO2 and

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• University, "High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy” Shared Use Center, 344090, 194/2 Stachki st., Rostov-on-Don, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.49 Abstract Platinum–carbon catalysts are widely used in the manufacturing of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Increasing Pt/C activity and stability is an

• urgent task and the optimization of their structure seems to be one of the possible solutions. In the present paper, Pt/C electrocatalysts containing small (2–2.6 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) of a similar size, uniformly distributed over the surface of a carbon support, were obtained by the original method of

• morphological characteristics of Pt/C catalysts makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of the small size of NPs on their stability. As a result, the obtained catalysts were significantly superior to their commercial analogs regarding ORR activity, but not inferior to them in terms of stability

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• carbon tape. To improve the contrast and to reduce the potential charging effect, the samples were sputter-coated with platinum (Pt) with a coating thickness of 4 nm. The SEM imaging was performed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (Sigma VP, Carl Zeiss AG, Jena, Germany) at an

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• conversion efficiency (PCE) due to local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Studies on different gold–platinum (Au–Pt) bimetal nanoparticles exhibiting the LSPR effect have provided a new idea for the synthesis of excellent PTAs. But there is no simple and scalable method for the controllable synthesis of Au

• –Pt nanoparticles with adjustable LSPR wavelength range. In this work, the effects of Ag+ and K2PtCl4 on the deposition of Pt on the surface of gold nanorods (AuNRs) were investigated. A fast, precise, and controlled synthesis of dumbbell-like Pt-coated AuNRs (Au@Pt NRs) under mild conditions is

• proposed. The synthesized Au@Pt NRs have a longitudinal LSPR wavelength of 812 nm, which is very close to a common laser wavelength of 808 nm. The Au@Pt NRs exhibit excellent photothermal properties when irradiated with a laser. The temperature increased by more than 36 °C after irradiation for 10 min

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• polyvinylpyrrolidone The polyol synthesis was presented by Fievét et al. (1989) as a versatile synthesis route for various metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles, viz. Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, CoNi, and FeNi with the possibility to obtain different shapes and sizes [139][140]. In this process, a suitable solid

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• , and Ge + Mn in the NW and in the buffer layer. In all panels the dashed lines highlight the NW region. Cross-section image of the NW along its length. (a) TEM image of a 1.15 μm long NW capped with a Pt layer. (b) HRTEM image along [110] zone axis. The dashed lines highlight the height of the NW of

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• –carbon composite (Ni@rGO). Previous work with WO3 had used either NiO (as part of the WO3 lattice), solely carbon, Pd-surface decorated WO3 (Pd@WO3), or Pd or Pt@carbon@WO3. We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and Ni@rGO/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as

• nanoparticles loaded with graphene have an enhanced acetone response at 350 °C with increased graphene loading level (best at 5 wt % graphene) [40]. ZnO nanostructures doped with nickel and rGO were used for hydrogen sensing at 100 °C [34]. The decoration of MOS with a noble metal, such as Pd or Pt, improves

• the sensitivity, response time and working temperature of MOS/rGO systems [15][41]. TiO2/rGO decorated with Pd and Pt nanoparticles was successfully used in the gas sensing of hydrogen gas [19]. The decoration of WO3/rGO nanosheets with Pt nanoparticles yielded a faster response for acetone at 200 °C

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• asymmetric magnetic interactions as in Co/Pt films, enabling the formation of desired spin textures [4]. As the actual device geometry determines the response to external stimuli, the coupling strengths, and the corresponding figures of merit, ultimate control in nanopatterning down to the single-digit

• including, but not limited to, the direct writing of defects to act as nuclei for epitaxial growth [25], the fabrication of two-dimensional phononic crystals [26], the magnetic patterning of suspended Co/Pt multilayers, the fabrication of two-dimensional mechanical resonators based on single-layer graphene

• are available in the git repository of the FIB-o-mat package [18]. 1 Magnetic patterning of Co/Pt multilayer films Used FIB-o-mat features: high-level beam path generation with automation via stage control. Magnetic thin films and multilayers are of great technological interest as platforms for spin

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• differences in Au content are only modest, the compounds X = Cl and X = CF3 (2 and 7) were observed to contain the highest percentage of gold. Going from Cl over Br to I, the Au content steadily decreased. The decrease in metal content from Cl to Br compounds has been observed for deposits from Pt compounds

• the well-known Pt precursor MeCpPtMe3, the deposition rate was recently reported as 2 × 10−2 nm3/e−, although deposited under very different conditions [47]. Except for the compound (Cl,Et)AuCF3, the growth rates of the presently studied gold precursors are considerably lower, which may be due to the

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• > 99%) was performed from a Knudsen cell manufactured by Kentax. During evaporation the crucible temperature was kept at 330 °C. All STM/STS experiments were performed at liquid helium temperature (ca. 4.5 K) with electrochemically etched Pt–Ir tips used as probes. FePc molecules were evaporated at

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• surfaces by using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in particular on TiO2(110) [15][16], CuO(110) [17], and Pt(111) [18]. Recently, the surface behavior of W3O9 was assessed on a complex CuWO3 phase grown on Cu(110). The CuWO3/Cu(110) substrate can be viewed as a two-dimensional (2D

• resolution as a triangular structure representing the unoccupied electronic states of the tungsten atoms. On pure oxide surfaces the clusters showed no substantial long-range order and they tended to form agglomerates at higher coverages [15][16][17]. In contrast to that, the W3O9 clusters on Pt(111) formed

• points, identical oxide phases by electron beam evaporation of Ti on Pt(111) at increased oxygen partial pressures. However, the direct oxidation of the Pt3Ti alloy surface has the advantage of an easier reproducibility and an increased long-range order of the individual oxide phases [22]. For this study

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• the layers of the wing a cross-sectional image of the fragment of the Chalcopterix rutilans male rear wing was obtained by SEM. Before preparing and polishing the cross section with a FIB, the wing was inserted in an evaporator to cover the surface with a thin Pt layer in order to make it conductive

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• field of view. Then, a new line is scanned followed by another electron flooding. This is particularly useful for biological specimens, which are typically insulators or poor conductors, as it enables imaging at high resolution without depositing a thin conductive layer (e.g., Au, Pt, or C) onto the

• increased. This is due to several factors such as the ability to image without first coating a sample with conductive materials (e.g., Pt, Au, or C). Such coatings have been shown to cause artefacts which can be misinterpreted as being from the material under investigation [6]. Furthermore, helium ions have

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• silver paste and connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell, and the cathode was the Pt sheet. Oxalic solution (0.3 M) was used as the electrolyte. The applied voltage was 20 V and the duration of its application was 10 min. After selective EC wet etching, the sample with suspended NWs was placed in