Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

• Chieh-Chun Wu,
• Ling Tang and
• Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

• carefully peeled from the electrodes before analysis. Cell characterization Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the anodes were taken (FEI xT Nova Nanolab) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) mapping at beam energy of 15 keV, combined with SEM images, was used

Surface topography and contact mechanics of dry and wet human skin

• Alexander E. Kovalev,
• Kirstin Dening,
• Bo N. J. Persson and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1341–1348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.147

• obtained by using a Hitachi TM3000 tabletop electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV (Figure 1). 3D surface profiles of the positive replicas were acquired by using a white light interferometer NewView 6k (Zygo, Middlefield, CT, USA) with 5× and

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• was assessed by SEM (Inspect, FEI), at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV with surface gold coatings of approximately 10 nm thickness. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The thicknesses of the TiO2 layers were measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). This work was done using

Optimizing the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals for bioimaging applications

• Li-wei Liu,
• Si-yi Hu,
• Ying Pan,
• Jia-qi Zhang,
• Yue-shu Feng and
• Xi-he Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.105

• report using CdS/ZnS QDs as luminescence probes for bioimaging. Results and Discussion Characterization of QDs Sizes and structure of the QDs were determined by using a JEOL JEM-100cx transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 80 kV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TEM studies were done on a JEOL JEM-3011 microscope with accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The XRD analysis of the nanoparticles and the microparticles was done on a Philips diffractometer with a

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• with ethanol and water, and then dried at 70 °C for 4 h. Characterization The XRD were recorded on an X-ray diffractometer (type HZG41BPC) with Cu Kα irradiation source at a scan rate (2θ) of 0.05°·s−1. The accelerating voltage and applied current were 40 kV and 80 mA, respectively. The morphology

• observation was carried out by SEM (S4800, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. TEM and HRTEM analysis were conducted by the transmission electron microscopy (JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The DRS were taken with a UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV2550, Shimadzu

High activity of Ag-doped Cd_0.1Zn_0.9S photocatalyst prepared by the hydrothermal method for hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation

• Leny Yuliati,
• Melody Kimi and
• Mustaffa Shamsuddin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 587–595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.69

• ). The morphologies and size of the samples were observed by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with JEOL JSM 6701F at an accelerating voltage of 2 kV with platinum coating prior to analysis. DR UV–vis spectra were recorded at room temperature using a UV–visible spectrometer

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images were obtained using JEOL JEM-2100 microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrum of the sample was measured at room temperature using a

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL JSM-7600F) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2100) at an accelerating voltage at 200 kV. Photocatalytic generation of H2 with erythrosin B-sensitized Pt@TiO2 core–shell particles: In a typical run, 5 mg

En route to controlled catalytic CVD synthesis of densely packed and vertically aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays

• Slawomir Boncel,
• Sebastian W. Pattinson,
• Valérie Geiser,
• Milo S. P. Shaffer and
• Krzysztof K. K. Koziol

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 219–233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.24

• Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN Elemental Analyzer. A JEOL 6340F FEG SEM was used with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. A secondary electron imaging (SEI) detector was used in all cases. TEM imaging of nanotube samples was performed on JEOL 200CX (tungsten filament, operated at 200 kV), JEOL 2000FX (LaB6

Photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanorods/p-type Si heterojunction structures

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Grzegorz Luka,
• Lukasz Wachnicki,
• Sylwia Gieraltowska,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Piotr Bieganski,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.17

• solar cell structures were characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscope Hitachi SU-70 with an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. PV response was measured by using current–voltage (I–V) curve tracer for fast I–V measurements with a sun simulator cl. AAA, at an illumination irradiance of 100 mW/cm2

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were measured by a JEOL model JEM 2010 EX instrument at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The powder particles were supported on a

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of PVP-coated silver nanoparticles after intratracheal instillation in rats

• Nadine Haberl,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Alexander Wenk,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling and
• Carsten Schleh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 933–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.105

• (ultrasound bath). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed with an ESEM Quanta 400 instrument with gold/palladium-sputtered samples. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) was carried out with a CM200 FEG-Instrument (Philips) with a Supertwin lens, operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 keV. The

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• coated with a few nm thick gold-layers by using a Baltec SDC 005 sputter-coater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained by using a Carl Zeis Evo-40 instrument under high vacuum with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Raman spectroscopy All Raman Spectroscopic measurements were performed

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• Gemini (Zeiss) and AFM with a Multimode 8 Bruker system. XRD measurement of Li2S in air X-ray diffractograms (Figure 3) were measured in reflection mode with an X-ray diffractometer (D8 Discover GADDS) equipped with a VÅNTEC-2000 areal detector. Exposures were made with an accelerating voltage of 45 kV

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• -on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and EPMA. TEM investigations were carried out on a Jeol JEM–4000FX microscope at an accelerating voltage of 400 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were obtained on a Siemens diffractometer (Cu Kα radiation). Evaluation of the grain size D from the X-ray peak

Guided immobilisation of single gold nanoparticles by chemical electron beam lithography

• Patrick A. Schaal and
• Ulrich Simon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 336–344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.39

• scanning electron microscope (Zeiss LEO Supra 35-VP) equipped with an Elphy Plus pattern generator (RAITH, software Elphy Plus version 4). Patterns were exposed at an accelerating voltage of 2 kV and basic electron doses of 10 μC·cm−2 and 50 μC·cm−2, respectively. Synthesis and deposition of AuNP AuNPs

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• field emission scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. The crystallinity (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm) were measured by DSC. Results showed a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties in accordance with the addition of

• electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the FBC/Mater-Bi composites. All samples were coated with gold and observed by using an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiments were carried out by using a Perkin Elmer Pyris DSC-7 calorimeter

Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Sara Bals and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 77–86, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.9

• amount of amorphous carbon due to the fragmentation of the organo-metal [(CH3)3Pt(CpCH3)], used as precursor for Pt deposition, can be reduced by using electron-beam irradiation with a low accelerating voltage as a post-deposition treatment. Results and Discussion 3D distribution of Pt nanoclusters

• decomposition and further deposition is induced by interaction between electrons and materials, deposition can be tailored by tuning the accelerating voltage of the electron beam to control their transmission through a fixed thickness of target so as to realize the deposition on one or more facets. Stripe

• is studied by changing the beam accelerating voltage (primary energy, PE) and dwell time, whereas the beam current is not varied in the current study. Figure 6 summarizes the deposition of Pt for an increasing PE of 1 kV, 3 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV, 15 kV and 30 kV in each row. For each PE, different dwell

Functionalised zinc oxide nanowire gas sensors: Enhanced NO₂ gas sensor response by chemical modification of nanowire surfaces

• Eric R. Waclawik,
• Jin Chang,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Isabella Concina,
• Dario Zappa,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Nunzio Motta,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 368–377, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.43

• determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL-2100) with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. For TEM experiments, the specimens were prepared by deposition of a dilute solution of the colloid onto a carbon-coated copper grid and drying at room temperature. Thermogravimetric (TG) measurements were

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed in a Bruker D8 diffractometer with an accelerating voltage of 40 kV and a current of 40 mA, with Cu Kα radiation. The 2-D-SAXS measurements were carried out by using a Nonius rotating anode setup (Cu Kα radiation with λ = 0.154 nm) featuring a three-pinhole