Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• human communities The presence of MPs in water systems significantly affects the quality of water, biodiversity, and human well-being. Studies have confirmed the ingestion of MPs by aquatic organisms, including fish, mollusks, and crustaceans in Lake Nundkol and Dal. This renders aquatic animals highly

• Bioaccumulation of microplastics in the Himalayan food web MPs are consumed by numerous aquatic animals, such as plankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish, resulting in bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the Himalayan food web [112]. MP ingestion has been documented in freshwater fish populations of high

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• therapeutic approaches [2]. Currently, the assessment of nanotechnology’s impact on the health of both humans and animals, along with its potential in therapy, has become an imperative scientific consideration. Nanotechnology, which is multidisciplinary, is the synthesis of materials and particles with

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• Biologique de Roscoff in Brittany, France. Animals were transported to the laboratory of Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics (University of Mons, Belgium), where they were kept in a re-circulating aquarium chilled at 13 °C and filled with artificial seawater of 33 psu salinity. Animals used in our

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• in naive animals, which suggests that the administration of PEGylated LNPs can trigger the recognition by anti-PEG antibodies in sensitized individuals [65]. Another study comparing LNP formulations used in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines revealed distinct immunogenic profiles associated with their PEG lipids

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• quantum dot nanoparticles are fluorescent semiconductor compounds that can act as drug carriers [40][41]. Nanotechnology, natural products, cancer, and immunotherapy Natural products are chemicals produced by living organisms such as microbes, marine organisms, animals, fungi, and plants. They are widely

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), following the manufacturer instructions. After each collection, the same volume of fresh buffer was added to the tube to maintain constant volume and sustain sink conditions throughout the experiment [14]. Animals BALB/c mice (about 30 g, 6–8

• weeks old), from both sexes were used for the studies. The animals were maintained at 22 ± 2 °C and in a 12 h dark/12 h light cycle, with free access to standard laboratory chow and water. Each experimental group was composed of five animals (n = 5). After the experiments, all animals were euthanized

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• MPs enter the bodies of animals and humans through the food chain, they cause health problems including reduced birth rates, disruptions in the reproductive systems, altered sex ratios, and abnormal changes in body weight [45]. Understanding how MPs enter and affect the human body is essential, as

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• triplicate, and cell viability was expressed as a percentage according to International Organization for Standardization ISO 10993-5 guidelines [65]. Anti-inflammatory activity of Acrocomia aculeata oil-based nanoemulsion Animals The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema

• . Six- to eight-week-old female Swiss mice weighing 22 to 28 g were used [66]. Animals were acclimatized under laboratory conditions (25 ± 3 °C, 65 ± 5% humidity) with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Animals had free access to food and water at all times and were deprived of food 6 h before the experiment

• . Formation of experimental groups and induction of paw edema Eight experimental groups were randomly formed, with five animals per group (n = 5). 30 min before edema induction, groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 received the test substances (diclofenac sodium, AAO, or AANE). Group 1 received a blank (obtained under

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• -bearing animals. In one study, a worm-like nanostructure coated with RBC membrane for siRNA delivery has also been demonstrated. Herein, RBC membrane was modified with RGD peptide to achieve active targeting ability and a pH-dependent charge conversion strategy was involved to accomplish effective siRNA

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• percentage of animals with onset tumors in the group pre-treated with quercetin nanogels (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared with the group exposed to UV radiation (control group). Besides, the nanogel containing quercetin (0.12%) + TiO2 (15%) significantly reduced (p < 0.001

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• -negative bacterium belonging to the Pseudomonas genus. It is well known for its versatility and adaptability in various environments, as it can be found in multiple habitats, including soil, water, plants, and animals. It can also prosper in artificial environments such as metal or plastic pipes and

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• . The use of STZ in animals causes conditions similar to that of some humans with type-1 diabetes without glycemic control. STZ has been shown to significantly increase blood glucose levels in Wistar rats. STZ’s mechanism of action alters the DNA base sequences of pancreatic islet β-cells and stimulates

• = 452.78 mg/dL), induced by STZ, compared to supplemented animals. Treatment with the essential oil (EOCF = 234.71 mg/dL, p < 0.0001), the microemulsion (M7-EOCF = 283.75 mg/dL, p < 0.001), and metformin (MET = 300.86 mg/dL, p < 0.01) provided a significant reduction in glucose by, respectively, 48.16

• %, 37.33%, and 33.55% when compared to the control group; but there were no significant differences between EOCF, M7-EOCF, and MET. Regarding glycated hemoglobin levels, diabetic rats treated with EOCF, M7-EOCF, and MET showed no significant differences compared to diabetic animals in the control group

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• improve the performance and scalability for wider use in real-world situations. Keywords: antibiotics; degradation pathways; heterojunctions; mechanisms; photocatalysts; semiconductor; Introduction Antibiotics are chemical substances used to treat bacterial infections in humans, animals, aquaculture

• aquaculture, domestic sewage discharges, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and healthcare facilities [38]. Antibiotics are commonly administered to animals through feed or water, primarily for growth promotion in large-scale animal farming operations and to prevent and treat infectious diseases [39]. Consequently

• , antibiotic residues are excreted by the animals in their feces, which can enter the environment by applying manure as fertilizer or runoff from animal housing facilities. Additionally, antibiotics are extensively used in aquaculture, where only a fraction (20–30%) of the pharmaceuticals used are absorbed by

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• : bioinspired materials; calcium carbonate; offshore assets; stainless-steel coating; super-hydrophobicity; Introduction Small animals, such as insects, springtails (Collembola), and other hexapods, have distinctly large surface-to-volume ratios. This characteristic imposes significant challenges in terms of

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• substances, increasing medication accumulation at the infection site, and reducing the adverse effects of the free medication [75]. Additionally, in tests with mice treated with PLGA-LPV@M, a 60% of improvement survival was observed compared to the control group (saline treated). Untreated animals rapidly

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• important biological functions, such as supporting seed germination, protecting seeds against pathogens and predators, and allowing the seed to attach to diverse surfaces (e.g., soil or animals). The attachment properties of mucilage are thus responsible for seed dispersal. Mucilage represents a hydrophilic

• of the mucilage – from pressed layers to a 3D network Substances with gel character (slime, mucus, and mucilage) are ubiquitous in nature and are produced by diverse organisms such as bacteria, plants representing diverse groups (algae, ferns, and higher plants), and animals (fishes, frogs, and

• reliable results about the 3D organisation of the polysaccharides within the mucilage envelope. CPD is a technique used for diverse biological samples (plants, animals, and microorganisms) that are very fragile and contain water. CPD allows for drying of samples without deforming them or collapsing the

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• , there is an increase in HDL cholesterol (groups II, III, and VI), while in others, there is a decrease in HDL cholesterol (groups I, IV, and V), with almost identical minimal values in groups IV and V. Assessment of the impact on liver synthetic function In the control group of animals, the level of

• well as SREBP1c, whose increased activity in liver tissue leads to hypoactivation and suppression of cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis, as well as hyperexpression of GPx [59]. The increase in protein and albumin content in the plasma of experimental animals may be associated with the ability of

• model Experiments were conducted on mature male white Wistar rats weighing 190–210 g. The animals were kept on a regular diet and water regimen at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, 55% ± 5% humidity, and a 12 h day/night cycle. The animals were randomly divided into seven experimental groups of five to six

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• spectacle among animals. These colors with high absorption are formed in nature by a sophisticated arrangement of microstructures (i.e., structures visible under microscope) alongside pigment depositions in underlying tissues [9][10]. For instance, in male peacock spiders (Figure 1A), ultrablack

• ultrablack colors in animals underscores the convergent evolution of anti-reflective mechanisms as an important strategy for survival and reproductive success across diverse habitats and ecological contexts. The evolution of ultrablack colors in animals highlights nature’s ingenuity in achieving structurally

• absorption due to complex arrangements of microstructures at the cuticle surface above absorptive lamellae. The surface microstructure of the ultrablack cuticle (setae and microsculpturing) bear some structural resemblance to the ultrablack surfaces in other animals [10][13]. Moreover, there are lamellae

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• use of in silico methods allows for the identification of potential hazardous effects caused by NMs’ interactions with biological systems with a simultaneous decrease of workload, cost, research duration, and use of laboratory animals. Several computational approaches [7][8][9] and predictive models

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders; moreover, ENR cannot be completely absorbed by most animals, it easily enters the environment through the excrement of organisms, also in the form of metabolites [3][4]. Nowadays, the concentration of ENR in

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• promising, it should be also noted that most of the in vivo studies are conducted with mice and rats. However, nasal administration depends on multiple factors from administration device to the total volume of administration, and these are limited for small animals such as mice and rats. In fact, rats were

• found to be very different from humans. Large animals (e.g., rabbits and dogs) are more suitable for assessing in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics more accurately and as closely as possible to the human situation [24]. In another study by Salade et al., the researchers designed chitosan-coated

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• ., epicuticular multilayer reflectors), which can produce brilliant and iridescent colors [26][27][28]. The examples range from the metallic wings of some bees to the striking iridescent colors of wasps [29][30]. Blue coloration is hard to find in nature because blue pigments are rare; hence, animals tend to

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• to cause hemolysis was also evaluated using mouse blood. For these experiments, ten Swiss mice were used, obtained from the Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Investigation of the State University of Campinas (CEMIB/ UNICAMP). All animals obtained from CEMIB received water and food ad libitum

• (Nuvilab) and were kept in the vivarium of the Department of Cellular and Structural Biology (Area of Anatomy) of the Institute of Biology, under the responsibility of Dr. Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete, until they reached the experimental age for euthanasia. At 2 months of age, the animals were

• animal. The procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (protocol 5725-1/2021) and conducted in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Research with Animals, established by the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (COBEA). The detailed experimental procedure is described in