Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• of the other two materials, namely Bi-2212 and polycrystalline gold electrodes. At low T both have linear κ(T). For Bi-2212 we assume κab(T) = 0.1 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [45] with an anisotropy κab/κc = 8 [46]. For a polycrystalline gold thin film we use κ(T) = 3 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [32]. The heat is produced in

• spherical (taking into account the anisotropy κab/κc = 8). In this case self-heating is dominated by the spreading heat resistance in the crystal [29][31], Rh ≃ = 23.6 K/mW at T = 20 K, where L = 30 μm is the in-plane size of the mesa. For comparison, the heat resistance of epoxy is only 2 K/mW for de = 5

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• magnetocrystalline anisotropy, high saturation magnetization, and coercivity even at room temperature as compared to others [15]. The substitution of metal cations M+ for cobalt, nickel, and zinc contributes to diverse magnetic properties, morphology, and size of iron oxide NPs [13][16] along with varied tissue

• ) values, as shown in Table 3 [24]. From Figure 2c, all samples went through saturation at an applied field of 2.0 T, except nickel ferrite. This is may be due to the presence of a strong magnetic anisotropy, which required a higher applied field to induce saturation [25]. Cobalt ferrite has the maximum

• coercivity (883 Oe) and saturation magnetization values (56 emu/g) in comparison to other ferrites due to a high anisotropy. Also, during cationic distribution, Co+2 cations incorporate into Fe–O, whereas the cationic distribution of other divalent metals (e.g., Ni+2 or Zn+2) leads to a decrease in magnetic

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• ]. Traditionally used stabilizing agents, such as surfactants and citrate, enable the synthesis of nanoparticles with high yield and monodispersity but also cause cytotoxicity and genotoxicity even at low concentrations [9][10]. Surfactants are known to act as a template for anisotropy in plasmonic metal

• surfactant for synthesizing anisotropic nanoparticles with high yield and monodispersity. The surfactant induces anisotropy during the growth of nanoparticles and enables NIR absorption capability due to longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) [11]. However, despite the superior plasmonic properties

• carrageenan in the synthesis of nanomaterials that are nontoxic. The review begins by discussing widely used wet chemical methods of synthesizing anisotropic plasmonic metal nanomaterials. We also give insight in growth mechanisms during the initiation of anisotropy in the presence of a surfactant. This

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• by SQUID magnetometry in a field parallel to the film in the normal state at T > Tc. A significant hysteresis of M(H) reveals the in-plane anisotropy of Co films (albeit with a small coercive field, HC ≈ 30 Oe), consistent with earlier studies [44][45][46][47]. Figure 1c shows a numerical simulation

• are done with the same Iac = 1 mA, the current self-field is not changing and, therefore, cannot cause modulation of MR. (iv) Remagnetization of F-layers can contribute to the flux-flow phenomenon only if it generates the perpendicular field component. Since our Co layers have in-plane anisotropy [43

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• under compression but strong under tension, (4) anisotropy in fibre orientation, and (5) presence of fluid in the contact area. Adaptation to fractal substrate surfaces due to hierarchical organization Hairs with high aspect ratios in the hairy systems and internal fibres/filaments of smooth systems

• represents their main structure/functional similarity to hairy pads. Anisotropy in fibre orientation Since fibres are normally not oriented perpendicularly to the pad surface (Figure 7), but rather at some angle (45–60°) and sloped into the distal direction, they do not buckle but rather bend under load

• , which makes the pad material even more flexible. The structural anisotropy of the pad material is also responsible for the frictional anisotropy [129]. The friction is higher while the pad is sliding in a proximal direction because the fibres of smooth pads or hairs of hairy pads can be more easily

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• SiO2/Si substrate were irradiated on one half with 25 keV helium ions. It was found that at a dose of 2 × 1015 ions/cm2 a domain wall could be injected into the structure due to the introduction of lattice defects that locally reduced the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. By raising the dose slightly

• resolution capability of the helium ion beam enabling the creation of a sharper energy barrier at the domain wall. Later work in this area employed similar helium ion doses (1–4 × 1015 ions/cm2) to locally reduce the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a Co/Pt multilayered thin film [50]. Here, patterns

• and the underlying substrate on the magnetic modification obtained. It was found that helium ion bombardment influenced the magnetic anisotropy in both layers of the structure, strongly reducing the saturation magnetization of the layer system. Moreover, the behavior observed correlated with both the

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• patterning without affecting the topography of the films [32]. The local modification of the magnetic properties, in particular anisotropy and exchange coupling (including the chiral Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction), originates from structural modifications, such as interface structure, atomic ordering

• , atomic composition, and crystallographic phase [33][34]. Here, the impact of He irradiation on the ferromagnetic multilayer [Co0.6/Pt0.8]15 is studied [35][36]. This multilayer shows perpendicular magnetic anisotropy arising from the Co/Pt interfaces and forms nanometer-scale, labyrinth-like domains with

• the increased density of pinning sites, that is, variations of the local anisotropy. Since the influence of different ion doses and pattern shapes on the formation of magnetic domains is not known a priori for different magnetic material systems, a lot of different combinations of doses and shapes

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• compared to that in free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. This leads to an enhancement of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of partially encapsulated MnFe2O4, which in turn leads to the enhancement of coercivity [20]. Geng et al. [45] fabricated Fe-filled CNT arrays with high coercivity, which is primarily

• contributes to a large coercivity. The second factor is the large aspect ratio of the Fe-filled arrays characterized by a large shape anisotropy, which may lead to high coercivity. The saturation magnetization of MnFe2O4/MWCNTs at room temperature is 7.6 emu/g, six times lower than the expected saturation

• due to the existence of a diamagnetic component in CNTs. In the literature, the reported value for MnFe2O4 nanoparticles of 12.5 nm in size is 55 emu/g [27]. From the above analysis it can be concluded that particle size has a major effect on the blocking temperature value. Shape, anisotropy, and

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• fabricate a uniform layer that is free from any spinning-induced structural anisotropy [40]. The PC samples were 10 × 10 mm2 square pieces cut from 1.5 mm thick wafers of an optical-grade PC polymer manufactured by microfluidic ChipShop GmbH. Thin metal films of either a Pt60Pd40 alloy or of Au were

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• -based electrokinetic (EK) microdevices to characterize ASPNPs. We found that anisotropy strongly influences electrokinetic particle behavior by comparing compositionally identical anisotropic and non-anisotropic SPNPs. Additionally, we were able to estimate the empirical electrokinetic equilibrium

• parameter (eEEEC) for all SPNPs. This particle-dependent parameter can allow for the design of various separation and purification processes. These results show how promising the insulator-based EK microdevices are for the analysis and purification of clinically relevant SPNPs. Keywords: anisotropy

• voltage at which SPNPs will become trapped in an insulator-based EK device. Moreover, homogeneous particles with a higher content of BSA showed lower trapping voltage values. The results also indicate that particle anisotropy plays an important role in determining the trapping voltage, as 50:50

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• significant change in droplet size. Moreover, it must be taken into account that Si(111) substrates were used for the experiments. Due to the anisotropy of silicon, the values shown here cannot be used quantitatively for other crystal orientations, since they have different surface and interfacial energies

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• electrodes (Figure 5b). The observed variation in the R(T) step-like behavior may also be due to the specific sample geometry (i.e., electrodes with horizontal and vertical orientations, Figure 4a). Due to the shape anisotropy, the “body” of the “centipede” is magnetized along the longitudinal direction

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• corresponding magnetic configuration of the system. For the numerical simulation, two widely known models have been used [19][20][21]. We started with a system of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles, consisting of spherical iron-oxide nanoparticles with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, which have a lognormal

• spontaneous magnetisation, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, α is the damping constant, and γ is the gyromagnetic ratio. In Equation 1, where Ψi is the angle between and the easy anisotropy axis of the i-th nanoparticle. θip are the solutions of the following transcendental equation: In

• Equation 9, θi is the angle between the easy magnetisation and anisotropy axes of the i-th nanoparticle; therefore: In Equation 18 and Equation 20, is the effective magnetic anisotropy constant of the i-th nanoparticle. If hi < hic(Ψi) < 1 [21][22], then Simulation conditions and results For this study

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• , size, volume, magnetic anisotropy, concentration, and the potential to remain dispersed and not to agglomerate at the site of action [63]. Hyperthermia only works if the nanoparticles have a single magnetic domain, i.e., if they behave uniformly throughout the entire mass as a single magnet. There are

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• Mare 168, Chisinau 2004, Republic of Moldova T.G. Shevchenko State University of Pridnestrovie, 25 Oktyabrya street 107, 3300 Tiraspol, Republic of Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.11.89 Abstract The optical anisotropy of the Sb2Se3 crystals was investigated at 300 and 11 K. Excitonic features of four excitons

• symmetry in the Brillouin zone (k = 0) for crystals with an orthorhombic symmetry (Рnma). The photoelectric properties of the Me–Sb2S3 structures were investigated in the spectral range 1–1.8 eV under E||c and E⟂c polarization conditions and at different applied voltages. Keywords: anisotropy; antimony

• absorption, reflection and excitonic spectra were obtained. The Sb2Se3 crystalline anisotropy of the ground and excited states of four excitonic series were determined at 300 and 11 K. Due to the crystal field (Δcf) and spin–orbit (Δso) interactions, the high valence band splittings were estimated in the

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• surface orientation, with an angle of approximately 109° between the pores. The pores tend to have a triangular cross section while the pore walls and tips exhibit a pronounced crystallographic anisotropy. A specific characteristic feature of crystallographically oriented pores is their ability to

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• results indicate that the BaTiO3 layer induces an additional strain in the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layers close to their common interface. The presence of BaTiO3 on the surface of tensile-strained La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 films transforms the in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy present in the single layer into an in-plane

• uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. Our experimental evidence suggests that this change in the magnetic anisotropy only occurs in tensile-strained La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film and is favored by an additional strain on the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 layer promoted by the BaTiO3 film. These findings reveal an additional mechanism that

• ; magnetic anisotropy; Introduction In recent years, enormous interest has been shown in the multiferroic properties of the multilayered system based on La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 (LSMO) and BaTiO3 (BTO) films [1][2][3][4][5]. Each perovskite material has a particular ferroic order at room temperature, i.e

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• -enhanced Raman spectroscopy [4]. Ion beam formation of nanoscale ripples has emerged as a versatile method to imprint uniaxial magnetic anisotropy [5] and to control the magnetic texture of thin films [6]. Formation of self-assembled surface nanoripple structures by monoatomic off-normal ion irradiation

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• optical properties not only in the visible but also in the near-infrared spectral range. Shape anisotropy (rods) and regiospecific surface functionalization (tip versus lateral parts) enable the fabrication of colloidal systems with limited degrees of freedom. In such systems, the possible orientations of

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• τso, where τz(x) corresponds to the magnetic scattering parallel (perpendicular) to the quantization axis, and τso is the spin–orbit scattering time [96][97][98][99]. Assuming a strong uniaxial anisotropy in ferromagnetic materials, in which case there is no coupling between spin-up and spin-down

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• ]. In this model, the pentagonal NW was composed of five triangular prism-shaped domains with vertex angle of 72°. These domains represent the FCC single crystals. Each domain was assigned an elasticity matrix of Ag or Au corresponding to their crystal structure to account for structural anisotropy. The

• transition is not a random process but is closely related to the inner structure of the five-fold twinned NWs. In order to obtain yield strength values and to have a clearer understanding regarding stresses present in the NW during yielding, an FEM model was developed that included the inner anisotropy of

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• -surface properties [11][12]. The terbium(III) ion, (TbIII), is a particularly suitable candidate for the creation of surface-based magnetic and luminescent devices [5][6]. It has one of the highest magnetic moments of all elements in the periodic table, and it shows a very strong magnetic anisotropy when

• spin carrier. However, a full saturation of the magnetization is not observed at 40 kOe, probably because of a partial loss of the magnetic anisotropy of TbIII in the deposits (vide infra). Dynamic magnetic measurements have also been performed (Figure 5). In these measurements, the magnetic

• sample is similar to that of crystalline bulk [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n. Namely, two maxima of X″ are observed, which however differently depend on the static magnetic field applied (Figure S3 and Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) probably due to a partial loss of the magnetic anisotropy of TbIII upon

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• in comparison to pH 7 at 37 °C. These results could be explained by new chemical species from pKa that do not appear in the emission spectra due to the excitation wavelength of 422 nm (CUR maximum absorption). Anisotropy of fluorescence (r) was also investigated for the samples with maximum peak

• spectral emission (Table 1). Anisotropy is considered a powerful technique to investigate the molecular dynamics of fluorescent solutes, such as CUR. During the fluorescence analysis, the molecules are excited by linearly polarized light, and they absorb and emit the fluorescence in a polarized way. If the

• emission is highly polarized (approximately or equal to one), the molecules will not rotate between absorption and emission, which would suggest that they are associated with macromolecules. Therefore, the emission of polarization is described as anisotropy [48][49]. Furthermore, this measurement can be