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Search for "annealing" in Full Text gives 457 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

  • Aleksandrs Dutovs,
  • Raimonds Popļausks,
  • Oskars Putāns,
  • Vladislavs Perkanuks,
  • Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
  • Tomas Tamulevičius,
  • Uldis Malinovskis,
  • Iryna Olyshevets,
  • Donats Erts and
  • Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

Graphical Abstract
  • materials in phase 2. A simulated annealing fitting algorithm was employed. The PAAO structure (Figure 1a) was confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The relationship between thickness measurements using SEM and optical interferometry has been
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Published 31 Jan 2024

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

  • Dmitrii S. Pashin,
  • Pavel V. Pikunov,
  • Marina V. Bastrakova,
  • Andrey E. Schegolev,
  • Nikolay V. Klenov and
  • Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

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  • on the principle of quantum annealing and contains a superconducting chip with 128,472 Josephson junctions, 75 percent of which were dedicated to superconducting digital electronics for controlling the processor and reading out the result. The rest was used either for qubit junctions or for
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Published 21 Nov 2023

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

  • Olga Sikora,
  • Małgorzata Sternik,
  • Benedykt R. Jany,
  • Franciszek Krok,
  • Przemysław Piekarz and
  • Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

Graphical Abstract
  • , stable hcp nanoislands were obtained under controlled annealing conditions on the germanium substrate [23]. After initial crystallization of the fcc gold phase, the hcp phase grows from the eutectic Au/Ge liquid. The atomically resolved STEM-HAADF measurements as well as electron backscatter diffraction
  • hcp phase of Au, formed during specific processes of annealing and cooling of gold and germanium, is characterized by the P63/mmc space group with lattice constants aAu−hcp = 2.90 Å and cAu−hcp = 4.88 Å [23]. These structural parameters are well reproduced in our DFT calculations. The obtained cubic
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Published 15 Nov 2023

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

  • Doan Nhat Giang,
  • Nhat Minh Nguyen,
  • Duc Anh Ngo,
  • Thanh Trang Tran,
  • Le Thai Duy,
  • Cong Khanh Tran,
  • Thi Thanh Van Tran,
  • Phan Phuong Ha La and
  • Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

Graphical Abstract
  • ., temperature, concentrations of chemicals, and annealing time). ZnO nanorods and nanowires have attracted great interest in photodetectors because their chemical and physical properties are exceptional for electronics applications, and their fabrication strategies are more facile than those of other structures
  • temperature. Then, 1 mL HNO3 solution was added dropwise into this mixture under vigorous magnetic stirring. After annealing at 180 °C for 18 h, the black precipitate was washed several times and centrifuged (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The formation of nanoparticles was observed through the
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Published 13 Oct 2023

Isolation of cubic Si3P4 in the form of nanocrystals

  • Polina K. Nikiforova,
  • Sergei S. Bubenov,
  • Vadim B. Platonov,
  • Andrey S. Kumskov,
  • Nikolay N. Kononov,
  • Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
  • Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles with a defective zinc blende structure under mild conditions through thermal annealing of hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles with red phosphorus. The synthesized Si3P4 nanoparticles were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, electron diffraction, EDX, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
  • precursor for diffusion doping of wafers and as anode material for Li-ion batteries. A similar method with a hydrogenation step offers the possibility to obtain other compounds, such as silicon selenides, arsenides, and sulfides. Keywords: ampoule annealing; defective zinc blende structure; DFT
  • inclusions in Si wafers implanted with P+ ions and laser-annealed at temperatures of 450–850 °C [2]. Recently, NPs of elemental compositions close to SiP and SiP2 have been observed in thermal annealing products of non-stoichiometric silicon oxide containing high amounts of phosphorus introduced during the
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Published 26 Sep 2023

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

  • Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
  • Norikhwan Hamzah,
  • Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
  • Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
  • Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

Graphical Abstract
  • large average CNT diameter with high standard deviation suggests different sizes of formed particles, possibly due to the high temperature. Generally, the size of nanoparticles is affected by several factors, including solution concentration, deposition method, quantity, and annealing [25]. At higher
  • temperatures and lower HAB values, the particles can combine, sinter, and increase in size either due to Ostwald ripening or particle migration and coalescence [26]. The agglomeration occurs because of the high temperature, creating conditions similar to annealing. At higher HAB values, where the temperature
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Published 21 Jun 2023

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

  • Zeqian Zhang,
  • Honglong Shi,
  • Boxiang Zhuang,
  • Minting Luo and
  • Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

Graphical Abstract
  • 1147.0 (↓ 20.5%), indicating the improvement of the crystallinity of the h-MoO3 phase through annealing. When h-MoO3 transformed into α-MoO3 (i.e., the mass fraction increased from 2.2% to 86%), the corresponding microstrain increased sharply from 1147.0 to 2246.9 (↑ 95.9%), indicating that the h-MoO3→α
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Published 07 Jun 2023

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Juris Katkevics,
  • Jana Andzane,
  • Raitis Sondors,
  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Kiryl Niherysh,
  • Yelyzaveta Rublova and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

Graphical Abstract
  • nanowires synthesized by thermal annealing of copper are a p-type semiconductor material [9][12][14]; its majority charge carriers are positive holes (h+) related to the presence of Cu vacancies or impurities. Under dry conditions, possible ionosorption of oxygen species from air on the nanowire surface
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Published 05 Jun 2023

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

Graphical Abstract
  • . Dehalogenation of some precursor molecules was induced upon annealing at 420/480 K, forming short chains or cyclic organometallic intermediates. In addition to isolated nanographene containing V-shaped C44 and hexagonal C66 on the platform, formation of polymer chains was confirmed after annealing. The
  • )-substituted 5,15-bis(10-bromoanthracen-9-yl)-10,20-bis(trifluoromethyl)porphyrin precursors (Figure 9) [125]. The ends of the formed oligomer preserve CF3 groups after the single-component oligomerization, further enabling sequential block coupling. After annealing the initially built copper porphyrin
  • . Sequential block oligomerization was actually demonstrated using cobalt porphyrin molecules and copper porphyrin oligomers upon annealing again at 210 °C. The block elongation was confirmed through the contrast difference of porphyrin centers (concave and convex), corresponding to Cu and Co porphyrin units
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Published 03 Apr 2023

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

  • A. R. Indhu,
  • L. Keerthana and
  • Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

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Published 27 Mar 2023

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiOx branches

  • Feitao Li,
  • Siyao Wan,
  • Dong Wang and
  • Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

Graphical Abstract
  • This work reports the formation of nanoflowers after annealing of Au/Ni bilayers deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. The cores of the nanoflowers consist of segregated Ni silicide and Au parts and are surrounded by SiOx branches. The SiO2 decomposition is activated at 1050 °C in a reducing atmosphere, and
  • and significant to extend the previous research of Au–SiOx nanoflowers formed by an Au single layer to bilayers and explore potential fabrication parameters. In the present work, nanoflowers made of a core nanoparticle and surrounding SiOx NWs are synthesized from annealing thin Au/Ni bilayers with
  • locally around the cavities in samples with smaller Au concentration, but they can be observed everywhere in the sample with the highest Au concentration. Results and Discussion Au/Ni bilayers with three thickness combinations were deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. After annealing at 1050 °C for 1 min in
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Published 20 Jan 2023

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

  • Abdelbaki Hacini,
  • Ahmad Hadi Ali,
  • Nurul Nadia Adnan and
  • Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

Graphical Abstract
  • structural results show that both the as-deposited and the annealed ITO/Mo thin films have a polycrystalline structure, and that the annealing treatment enhanced the crystallinity of samples. Moreover, the XRD patterns exhibited a cubic structure preferentially oriented along the (222) and (400) planes. The
  • AFM analysis shows that grain size and RMS roughness increased from 16.02 to 36.19 nm and 0.4 to 2.6 nm, respectively, when the laser energy was increased to 120 mJ. The as-deposited sample has an optical transmittance of nearly 80% in the 300–800 nm range. The laser annealing yielded a higher
  • transmittance of 94% and increased the bandgap energy from 2.76 to 2.88 eV at 120 mJ. The annealing treatment decreased the resistivity from 15.63 × 10−4 to 1.73 × 10−4 Ω/cm−1. Additionally, the figure of merit of the ITO/Mo structure improved significantly from 6.63 × 10−4 Ω−1 of the as-deposited sample to
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Published 28 Dec 2022

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO2 obtained by combustion synthesis

  • Monika Michalska,
  • Paweł Ławniczak,
  • Tomasz Strachowski,
  • Adam Ostrowski and
  • Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

Graphical Abstract
  • solution combustion method, and the effects of the annealing temperature (450–900 °C) on structure and composition were investigated using various methods, including XRD, SEM, EPR, and electrical studies. It was found that, as the process temperature increases, the value of the specific surface area
  • investigated by using impedance spectroscopy. Comparison of the effect of annealing temperature on electrical conductivity shows a very interesting behavior. As the annealing temperature increases, the DC conductivity value increases, reaching a maximum at a temperature of 500 °C. However, further increase in
  • the annealing temperature causes a steady decrease in the DC conductivity. Keywords: lithium cobalt oxide; lithium-ion battery; nanocrystalline powder; solution combustion synthesis; Introduction Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO) of hexagonal structure () was first used as cathode material in
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Published 07 Dec 2022

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

  • Arbresha Muriqi and
  • Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

Graphical Abstract
  • the bridging between the polymer chains in the film and this also improves the stability of the film. Nanoindentation experiments [30] showed also that GL-based titanicones have much higher elastic modulus and higher hardness compared to EG-based titanicones. Annealing experiments indicated a higher
  • catalytic and photocatalytic properties [46] porous TiO2 frameworks formed by the annealing of titanicone films may serve as catalytic supports [47]. Titanicone films can also be pyrolyzed under Ar to yield conducting TiO2/carbon composite films with important electrochemical applications as electrodes for
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Published 02 Nov 2022

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

  • Jia-Cheng Feng and
  • Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

Graphical Abstract
  • from the residual soot after flame combustion of an organic liquid. After annealing and air plasma cleaning, the surface of these nanoparticles becomes hydrophilic, resulting in water molecules moving from the bottom to the top through capillary action in a natural water evaporation environment. The
  • induced voltage was detected from the top and lower electrodes during movement. Annealing treatment and plasma cleaning of the carbon particle layer have significant effects on the output voltage. After the treatment, the material changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the contact angle decreases from
  • . A phase-engineered flexible MoS2 nanosheet generator is worth mentioning. Through annealing at 150 °C, the 1T phase of MoS2 is changed to the 2H phase. The 2H phase can dissociate more water molecules into hydrogen ions than the 1T phase (Figure 4d,e). Thus, the different phases yield a difference
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Published 25 Oct 2022

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

  • Minh-Thuan Pham,
  • Duyen P. H. Tran,
  • Xuan-Thanh Bui and
  • Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

Graphical Abstract
  • . Then, the sample was annealed at 550 °C for two hours and let to cool to room temperature. For preparation of the MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction material, both MgO and urea were mixed, ground, and placed in a 100 mL crucible, followed by annealing at 550 °C for two hours (Figure 1). Then, the samples were
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Published 18 Oct 2022

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

  • Dick Hartmann Douma,
  • Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
  • Alessio Lamperti,
  • Stéphane Kenmoe,
  • Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
  • Alberto Debernardi and
  • Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

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  • , ambient thermodynamic conditions such as oxygen pressure and post-annealing atmosphere are directly connected to the formation and concentration of oxygen vacancies [28]. The presence of the O vacancy modifies the oxidation state of the substitutional transition metal atom and thus the magnetic properties
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Published 15 Sep 2022

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

  • Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
  • Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
  • Viviane C. F. Santos,
  • Camila M. S. Lacerda,
  • Thais G. Silva,
  • Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
  • Flavio Plentz and
  • Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

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  • denaturation at 94 °C for 15 s, annealing at 72 °C for 30 s (−1 °C per cycle) and extension at 68 °C for 30 s. In addition, 14 cycles using denaturation at 94°C for 15 s, annealing at 55 °C for 30 s and extension at 68 °C for 30 s were carried out. A final extension step at 68 °C for 2 min followed the last
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Published 02 Sep 2022

Self-assembly of C60 on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C60 monolayer

  • Guglielmo Albani,
  • Michele Capra,
  • Alessandro Lodesani,
  • Alberto Calloni,
  • Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
  • Marco Finazzi,
  • Franco Ciccacci,
  • Alberto Brambilla,
  • Lamberto Duò and
  • Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

Graphical Abstract
  • [12]. Annealing the substrate during the film deposition could promote the growth of ordered layers even for high Ed values (Ed > kBT, with T = 300 K), but often the high annealing temperature required promotes the modification of the molecules or even their decomposition [13][14]. Another important
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Published 30 Aug 2022

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

  • Chun-Da Liao,
  • Andrea Capasso,
  • Tiago Queirós,
  • Telma Domingues,
  • Fatima Cerqueira,
  • Nicoleta Nicoara,
  • Jérôme Borme,
  • Paulo Freitas and
  • Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

Graphical Abstract
  • breakage is crucial, considering that PMMA solutions with higher weight percentage (wt %) are usually preferred as they form thicker supporting layers by spin coating: Such layers are mechanically more robust, yet leave behind significant residues [20]. Annealing processes (usually 200–450 °C, under an
  • B2 samples. This result again supports that employing B2 PMMA yields fewer residues and may help in avoiding post-transfer treatments for advanced PMMA residue cleaning of graphene, such as annealing and ion beam irradiation [32]. The graph of the G band shift (Supporting Information File 1, Figure
  • a low-pressure CVD system (CVD First Nano, EasyTube 3000). A 25 µm thick annealed Cu foil (Alfa Aesar, purity 99.8%), serving as a metal catalyst, was placed in a graphite enclosed cavity during the whole process. The temperature for annealing and growth was kept stable at 1040 °C by PID thermal
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Published 18 Aug 2022

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara and
  • Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

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  • [41][42][43][44]. Rutile TiO2 has a bandgap of 3.0 eV [45] and shows the SPV under UV illumination [46][47][48]. A clean rutile TiO2(110) surface (Crystal Base) was prepared by several cycles of Ar+ sputtering (1 keV, 1 × 10−6 Torr, 15 min) and annealing (993 K, less than 2 × 10−10 Torr, 30 min
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Published 25 Jul 2022

Sodium doping in brookite TiO2 enhances its photocatalytic activity

  • Boxiang Zhuang,
  • Honglong Shi,
  • Honglei Zhang and
  • Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

Graphical Abstract
  • photodegradation of the orange II dye of brookite varies with the annealing temperature [20]. These differences in the photocatalytic activity of brookite were generally considered as factors such as the specific surface area, crystallite size, and crystallinity [9][21]. But whether the local atomic structure of
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Published 05 Jul 2022

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

  • Ioana Marica,
  • Fran Nekvapil,
  • Maria Ștefan,
  • Cosmin Farcău and
  • Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

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  • annealing leads to ZnO NRs grown in the (002) direction and enhanced Raman signal. However, these types of NRs are not preferred for the growth of individual Au NPs used to further enhance the Raman signal, because the ZnO NRs tend to aggregate, which results in an inhomogeneous distribution of Au NPs on
  • nanocomposites. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time for the MEF property of Ag–ZnO composite structure was also studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) [122]. The fluorescence emission of FITC showed an increase at higher values of annealing temperature or annealing time. The
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Published 27 May 2022

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

  • Patrick Stohmann,
  • Sascha Koch,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Christopher David Kaiser,
  • Julian Ehrens,
  • Jürgen Schnack,
  • Niklas Biere,
  • Dario Anselmetti,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

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  • the reference [34], we used a 300 nm thermally evaporated Au(111) layer on mica substrates (Georg Albert PVD-Coatings, Germany). These substrates provide, without further flame-annealing treatment, atomically flat terraces in the range of 100 nm (terraces of 100–200 nm were typically observed). The
  • Au(111) surface was prepared by argon sputtering for 10 min at 1 keV with a pressure of 3 × 10−6 mbar. Secondly, the treated substrate was annealed at 673 K for 1 h in order to obtain a flat substrate surface characterized by large gold terraces. When required, successive sputtering/annealing cycles
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Published 25 May 2022

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

  • Irena Mihailova,
  • Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
  • Marina Krasovska,
  • Eriks Sledevskis,
  • Valdis Mizers,
  • Andrejs Bulanovs and
  • Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

Graphical Abstract
  • obtained in the laboratory. CuO layer synthesis on copper wires A smooth film coating of copper oxide was obtained by annealing the copper wire in an oxygen atmosphere. Before annealing, the copper wire was washed several times with water and ethanol to clean the surface of possible contamination. The wire
  • electrode surface is electrooxidized back to Cu2+, and the catalytic cycle is repeated [55][81][82]. Figure 3b shows CV curves for a pure Cu wire and CuO film obtained by copper annealing compared to a nanostructured CuO film obtained by chemical hydrothermal oxidation. All measurements were carried out in
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Published 03 May 2022
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