Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• nanotechnology, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising solution to improve the limitations of natural antioxidants because of their high stability, easy storage, time effectiveness, and low cost. Among various types of nanomaterials exhibiting antioxidant activity, metal-based nanoantioxidants show excellent

• reactivity because of the presence of an unpaired electron in their atomic structure. In this review, we summarize some novel metal-based nanoantioxidants and classify them into two main categories, namely chain-breaking and preventive antioxidant nanomaterials. In addition, the applications of antioxidant

• nanomaterials in medicine and healthcare are also discussed. This review provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of metal-based nanoantioxidants and a guideline for using these nanomaterials in medicine and healthcare. Keywords: antioxidant nanomaterial; healthcare; medicine; nanotechnology

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• intensity of oxidative stress. This happens because longer exposure times enhance the toxicity mechanism of NPs. In contrast, short-term exposure does not affect significantly the cells. NPs can induce oxidative stress by impairing antioxidant defenses in humans when they are chronically exposed to NPs

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• , photosynthetic pigment content, as well as the antioxidant capacity of the leaves of R. sativus grown in coir pots. Most of the literature currently reports physiological changes resulting from the application of minute quantities of ZnO NPs. This study demonstrates that R. sativus can withstand high doses of Zn

• of ZnO NPs, although a still higher (1.7%) IAA content was produced at 1000 mg/L without exhibiting any toxicity. Phytotoxicity testing for carbohydrates, plant pigments, and antioxidant contents The previous experiment indicated that 1000 mg/L of ZnO NPs was nontoxic with respect to soluble protein

• and IAA contents. Thus, the same concentration (1000 mg/L) was selected to investigate its effects on carbohydrates, plant pigments, and antioxidant contents. The results revealed that 1000 mg/L of ZnO NPs with Hoagland solution significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total carbohydrate content (58.5

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• control [7]. Terpenes are the largest group of secondary plant metabolites and have shown promising health benefits as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in many animal studies [8][9]. The compound p-cymene, also known as p-cymol or p-isopropyltoluene, is a monocyclic hydrocarbonated monoterpene

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• Leishmania spp. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been fully elucidated, its leishmanicidal potential may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it has limitations that compromise its clinical use. Conversely, nanotechnology has been used as a tool for

• infantum [46], Leishmania major [46][47], and Leishmania tropica [46][48]. Although proposed mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated, curc has been shown to have antileishmanial effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [42][47][49][50]. Figure 2 reveals the possible mechanisms

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• ]. Therefore, metallic nanoparticles also have a curative role against schistosomiasis. A possible explanation for this action was suggested by Dkhil et al. in their work with gold nanoparticles [27]. They suggested that their curative effects are due to antioxidant properties which confer the ability to

• an encouraging prognosis for the development of future products [56]. Curcumin is a naturally yellow pigment obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. In the literature, many articles explore anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-infectious, and antitumoral properties of curcumin [58

• antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-bacterial, immunostimulatory, and hepatotoxic protection properties [87][88][89]. Because of that, it has been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation and pain [90]. Mohamed et al. [91] reported that bee venom administered in infected mice reduces worm burden, ova

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• promising biological properties, particularly antioxidant activity. However, its medical applications are limited due to its low water solubility, bioavailability, and pH-instability. CUR-loaded albumin microparticles (CUR-HSA-MPs) of submicron size in the range of 800 to 900 nm and a zeta potential of −15

• hydrophobic yellow-orange polyphenol compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated that CUR displays a vast range of pharmacological and medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hepatotoxic activities, and

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• , anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and wound healing properties [19][20][21][22][23]. Although many studies have been conducted in recent years regarding the synthesis of new structures with quercetin and their biological properties [24][25][26][27][28], there is

• continued attention due to the unique properties of quercetin. Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) is a natural phenolic acid with high antioxidant capacity due to the catechol group. It is present in, for example, fruits, olive oil, green tea, coffee, vegetables, and white wine [29][30]. In addition

• –silver [46][47], chitosan–quercetin [48][49], and silver–quercetin nanoparticles [50][51], are well known. For instance, chitosan–silver nanocomposites, which have been synthesized through bio-inspired and photosynthesis, exhibited significant antioxidant, photocatalytic, and antibacterial activities, in

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• nanoparticles functionalized with the antibody 8D3. Afamin facilitates the transport of vitamin E to the central nervous system. When the nanoparticles were loaded with a drug, apolipoproteins involved in the transport through the BBB were also identified. Phytochemicals with antioxidant activity have been

• encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles derived from PIC nanoemulsions [63]. These antioxidant-loaded nanoparticles feature hydrodynamic sizes between 71 and 160 nm and encapsulation efficiencies higher than 64%. The colloidal stability of the nanoparticle dispersions was not significantly affected by protein

• corona formation (upon incubation in FBS). The nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity for SH-SY5Y cells (viabilities of ca. 100% for nanoparticle concentrations equal or lower than 0.23 mg/mL), high cellular uptake (in SH-SY5Y cells), and dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The properties of the PIC

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• vascular endothelial dysfunction include physiological processes (e.g., aging) or environmental factors such as a high-fat diet. These conditions are accompanied by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, combined with impaired efficiency of antioxidant systems are one of the most

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• ]. GSH is the main antioxidant component in cells and can scavenge excess ROS in cancer cells. ROS-related therapeutic effects are promoted by depleting GSH and catalyzing excess of H2O2 in the TME [103]. Programmed cell death (e.g., necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuprotosis) regulates the

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• resistance, and better antioxidant properties compared to pristine CQDs [5]. Functionalization of CQDs with amino groups (NH2 groups) induces a redshift of the photoluminescence because of the charge transfer from the amino groups to the carbon honeycomb core [6]. Also, grafting with NH2 groups, by means of

• . Photoluminescence of CQDs can be tuned, and quantum dots emit light in the range from blue to red. Some of them have very good prooxidant and antioxidant properties [14]. Under blue light irradiation, CQDs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress and further bacterial death [17][18][19

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• externally administered drugs, rate and degree of absorption depend on the time the drug remains at the application site [43]. Up to 95% of the eye surface is covered by the sclera, which is well permeable to substances smaller than 70 kDa, including neuroprotective, antioxidant, or anti-angiogenic agents

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Correction: Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 570–571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.48

• , Beijing, P. R. China School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.13.48 Keywords: antioxidant; co-assembly; glutathione; myricetin; nanoarchitectonics; Correction 1: In the abbreviation of the radical cation "ABTS+", the dot indicating

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• ethosomal formulations containing a potent antioxidant, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and to evaluate their potential for use in cosmetics by determining their antioxidant and antiaging effects. Ethosomes (ETHs) were prepared via mechanical dispersion and characterized in vitro in terms of particle

• collagenase and elastase enzymes were investigated compared to those of the solution form. Within the scope of antioxidant activity studies, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+•) radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid co-oxidation

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the formulations and the EGCG solution at different concentrations were nontoxic. In terms of cell permeability, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity, the ethosomal formulations yielded better results compared to the EGCG solution. It was observed that the formulations

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• attention because of its high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer efficacy. Especially regarding antioxidation, Myr is capable of not only chelating intracellular transition metal ions for removing reactive oxygen species, but also of activating antioxidant enzymes and related

• signal pathways and, thus, of sustainably scavenging radicals. However, Myr is poorly soluble in water, which limits its bioavailability for biomedical applications, and even its clinical therapeutic potential. The antioxidant peptide glutathione (GSH) plays a role as antioxidant in cells and possesses

• offers a new design to harness stable, sustainable antioxidant nanoparticles with high loading capacity, high bioavailability, and good biocompatibility as antioxidants. Keywords: antioxidant; co-assembly; glutathione; myricetin; nanoarchitectonics; Introduction Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• example, metallic NPs transported to lysosomes produce more ROS due to enhanced acidic degradation as compared to those remaining in the cytosol [45]. Besides, the intrinsic antioxidant potential of various cells also contributes to biocompatibility and extent of ROS generation via metallic NPs [46][47

• oxidative stress can be attributed to the presence of xenobiotic detoxification and antioxidant mechanisms [47]. Functionalized MFe2O4 NPs cause cell cycle arrest in cancer cells Evidence of oxidative damage in treated cells may indicate DNA damage and possible effects on cell cycle progression, causing

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• more available oxygen on the surface of nanoceria not exposed to high temperature. Biological identity of as-prepared and partially dissolved nanoceria Nanoceria has the potential to act as a pro- or antioxidant, depending on its valence, and the oxidative stress level of the system under study

• the exposure to partially dissolved nanoceria may be due to the increased surface content of Ce3+ providing antioxidant potential. After dialysis in water, the partially dissolved nanoceria rapidly precipitates from the dispersion, presumably due to the loss of surface citrate and reduced surface

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• that AgNPs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of intracellular ROS is well known as an important regulator of apoptosis [72]. The production of oxidative species may be due to trapped electrons in the respiratory chain. Antioxidant enzymes are unlikely to detoxify species generated

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• [124]. This occurs as a result of the imbalance of free radicals in the organism [125]. ROS generation in living organisms is essential as it activates cell defense mechanisms and their antioxidant enzymes [126][127]. Xu et al. [128] reported that silkworm larvae exposed to 10–70 μg/mL of ZnO NPs via

• subcutaneous injection activated superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes are liable for eliminating excess ROS , and therefore the activation of these enzymes is connected to the expression of apoptosis-related genes within the silkworm

• midgut (e.g., Dronc, Caspase, and Trt). The research group also indicated that the expression levels of these enzymes within the silkworm midgut were considerably higher within the ZnO NPs exposed group when compared to control and toxicity of ZnO NPs was time-dependent because the antioxidant enzymes

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• synthesized AgNPs are typically spherical in shape [192][278][279]; however, varied morphologies were also reported [193]. Among the applications, algae-mediated AgNPs have shown effective antioxidant and antibacterial activity [264][275]. The advantages of the algae-mediated synthesis process are low

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• , and tocopherol, microorganisms have an enzymatic antioxidant defense system, including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which controls the oxidative stress, reducing lipid peroxidation and the effects of ROS radicals, such as OH2•− and OH•. At normal aerobic microorganism conditions, the

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41