Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.146 Abstract Passiflora setacea seed oil is a natural source of bioactive unsaturated fatty acids, notably linoleic acid (ω-6) and oleic acid (ω-9), with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential for dermatological applications. However, its direct use is limited by

• and polydispersity index below 0.2 and remained stable for 60 days. The ME was gelled with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, while vitamin E and Liquid Germall® Plus were incorporated as antioxidant and preservative agents, respectively, yielding the final topical gel formulation. Cytocompatibility

• underexplored wild species, such as Passiflora setacea [2][3]. Notably, seed oil extracted from P. setacea (OPS) is particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic acid (ω-6) and oleic acid (ω-9). Compared to other wild Passiflora species, OPS exhibits a markedly higher antioxidant capacity

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• , particularly on cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and HT-29), in a dose-dependent manner over a 24 h period. These findings highlight the potential of the NCs as anticancer agents. Furthermore, the synthesized NCs demonstrated potent antibacterial properties against the tested microorganisms and notable antioxidant

• ; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxic activity; Introduction Nanoscience serves as a unique platform to reveal new properties of substances through collaborative efforts with other fields (e.g., molecular chemistry, pharmaceutical science, applied health sciences, and engineering). In recent

• biological activity (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer) of nanomaterials has emerged as a crucial area of investigation in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In many studies, chemically or biologically synthesized nanoparticles have a wide range of pharmacological activity ranging

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• various biomedical applications [28][29]. Complementing the regenerative and biocompatible profile of HA, β-caryophyllene (βCp) is another critical component of significant pharmaceutical potential. Among the array of attributes exhibited by βCp, it notably possesses potent analgesic, antioxidant

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• ], photodynamic therapy [96], antimicrobial applications [97], intracellular parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. [98][99], and for antioxidant potential [100], larvicidal, and repellent activities against arthropod vectors [101]. Nanotechnology has shown the potential to enhance the

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• properties that enhance their versatility across multiple applications [23][24][25]. Biosynthesized AgNPs have been assessed regarding their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, as well as for their therapeutic potential in treating dermatitis and other conditions [26]. Studies have

• demonstrated that these nanoparticles exhibit low toxicity, effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and strong colloidal stability, ensuring long-term dispersion [26][27]. Additionally, they exhibit antioxidant activity and selective cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, including oral cancer

• morphology and size, which are crucial for optimizing biological activity [8][38]. The Myrtaceae family, particularly Syzygium aromaticum, is a well-established source of eugenol, a potent phenolic compound with known antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, enhancing the bioactivity of synthesized

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• for therapeutic effectiveness. In contrast to traditional drug delivery systems (DDS), a functional ophthalmic nanoemulsion was specifically designed to alleviate symptoms of DED by leveraging its antioxidant and osmoprotective properties. The study evaluated the optimal concentration of lecithin

• , resulting in OphtNE-3.70% with a droplet diameter of 173 nm and a zeta potential of −44.7 mV. The addition of Kolliphor® HS15 in OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) initially reduced the droplet size to 70.8 nm and enhanced the antioxidant effect. Although the droplet size and polydispersity index increased after more than

• >75% cell viability in L929 cells and ~10% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant effect. These findings support the multifunctional potential (cytocompatibility and antioxidant) of sterile OphtNE-3.66%(K1%) for the treatment of DED, emphasizing the need for in vivo studies to ensure its

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• ][82]. In phenolic compounds such as catechins, procyanidin, tannic acid, and thymoquinone, the arrangement and presence of the aromatic ring, along with hydroxy, methoxy, and carboxyl groups, directly influence the antioxidant activity of these substances and their ability to induce apoptosis [83][84

• selective solvent [110]. Ursolic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, making it a potential antitumor agent [111]. It inhibits tumor cell proliferation, prevents metastasis and angiogenesis, and induces cell death [112]. The therapeutic

• compounds present remarkable properties in treating and preventing cancer, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic effects, as well as inhibitory effects on protein kinases. This results in cancer cell apoptosis, suppression of proteinases, strong inhibition of telomerase, and

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• of MP contamination [47]. In a study performed by Raza et al. [48], it was seen that, MPs, particularly polyacrylamide, pose significant risks to aquatic environments by accumulating in fish tissues, disrupting antioxidant enzyme activity, and altering blood parameters. Their presence leads to

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• drugs. Copper complexes Copper complexes have garnered attention due to their diverse applications, owing to their antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer properties [114]. Many studies attribute the antibacterial activity of copper to its capacity to release ions that can disrupt bacterial

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• substances like erastin or RLS3, which disturb the body’s antioxidant system, can cause ferroptosis. However, this process can be stopped by using iron chelators like deferoxamine (DFO). Elevated intracellular iron levels can enhance ROS production during the Fenton reaction [6]. Additionally, iron can

• , IRPs induce the expression of iron-enhancing proteins by binding to IREs. The induction of IRPs is associated with a stimulation of ferroptosis [59][61][62]. 2.1.3 Amino acid-mediated pathway. Glutamine and the system xc− are effective in producing lipids and the production of the antioxidant GSH [63

• ), is necessary for the growth of mammalian cells [65]. The need for this amino acid can be prevented by vitamin E with antioxidant function [66]. As a result, the role of cysteine in the regeneration of GSH with antioxidant function has been determined [67]. Cysteine can be produced intracellularly in

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• the regional culture [3][4]. Bocaiúva oil contains several antioxidant compounds such as phenols, terpenes, β-carotenes, and compounds that present antioxidant properties [5][6]. It contains free fatty acids, monoglycerides, triglycerides, sterols [6][7][8], and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

• hypoglycemic [28], cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects [11][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Bocaiúva oil is widely used to treat cardiovascular, inflammatory, and renal diseases [31][32]. In addition, one of the main characteristics of this oil is its orange color due to the

• presence of phenols and carotenoids, which were characterized in this study. These secondary metabolites are considered to have high antioxidant activity and provide high stability to the oil [5]. These metabolites have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties [1][33

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• acids are not degraded in the lysosome and can safeguard the payload [64]. 1.2.2 High-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL plays an important role in cancer regulation due to its effect on immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action to suppress tumor growth [65]. Additionally, HDL can

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• (CFU) were counted to determine the antimicrobial activity of the films. Inhibition rates were calculated according to where CCcontrol is the cell count of the control tube substance and CCsample is the cell count of the sample after 24 h. Antioxidation properties. The antioxidant capacity of the

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• [220][221]. Ethosomal nanogels containing sulforaphane, a potent natural antioxidant [222], showed a significant anti-cancer effect (p < 0.05) in murine tumor cell type B16-F10, proven to be an attractive strategy for skin cancer therapy [192]. A hydrogel system based on oligopeptides and embedded

• prevention were tested by Bagde et al. (2019) [195]. The obtained nanogels were incorporated with quercetin, a natural antioxidant, and titanium dioxide (TiO2), which acts as an inorganic sunscreen. Formulations containing 0.08% and 0.12% quercetin exhibited an encapsulation rate of 89.3 ± 1.4% and 90.4

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• particle surface and quantified regarding feedstock mass concentration and nutraceutical type. Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cancer cells was significantly reduced in cells treated with laser-processed curcumin in comparison to unirradiated curcumin controls, and antioxidant effects were proven, ensuring high

• viability even at high curcumin concentrations. Keywords: antioxidant; cannabidiol; curcumin; drug; food additive; low degradation; nanoparticle; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; solubilization; Introduction Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has become increasingly popular over the last

• required, especially when processing sensitive nutraceuticals intended for the use as food additives or medical applications. This is complemented by evaluations of the biocompatibility and antioxidant features (i.e., suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) of laser-processed curcumin. Results and

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• synthesized through a straightforward, bio-based methodology. Physicochemical characterizations elucidated the structural and morphological attributes of the biocomposite. By incorporating antioxidant TA molecules onto the FLG surface, the biocomposite dynamically mitigated reactive oxygen species

• , demonstrating no cytotoxicity to periodontal ligament cells up to 200 µg·mL−1 while promoting cellular adhesion and maintaining chromatin integrity. Overall, because of its favorable biocompatibility FLG–TA holds promise as a novel biomaterial for dental applications. Keywords: antioxidant properties

• , particularly antioxidant effects [16][17][18]. Bioactive antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting unstable oxygen radicals [17]. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cellular components because of an imbalance in the normal redox state of cells [17][19]. ROS, which

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, this study aims to obtain a microemulsified formulation containing the essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (EOCF) and to evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats. The microemulsion (ME) was

• obtained after consulting the corresponding pseudoternary phase diagram and showed stability, isotropy, Newtonian behavior, nanometric size (15.2 nm), and pH 4.2. Both EOCF and the ME showed high antioxidant activity, but the ME resulted in greater antioxidant activity, potentiating the activity of

• . Additionally, the ME was able to provide additional benefits, such as reduced liver damage, improved renal function, reduced systemic inflammation, and increased high-density lipoprotein levels. Overall, the results show that EOCF was efficiently incorporated into the microemulsion, improving its antioxidant

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• amphiphilic nanoparticles and ROS-responsive poly(α-l-lysine) nanoparticles, which are developed and used to encapsulate antibiotics, achieving both antibacterial and antioxidant functionalities [79][80]. Conclusion Biomimetic nanocarriers represent a promising strategy for the treatment of several clinically

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• hepatotoxicity and cause inflammatory reactions [31][40][41][42][43]. Askri et al. demonstrated the weakness of the antioxidant barrier against these iron nanoparticles [31]. When Fe3O4 NPs accumulate in lysosomes and release iron ions from their structure, this leads to the dysfunction of mitochondria

• with the loss of this activity in the complex or with interaction with endogenous GPx and suppression of its antioxidant properties (Figure 4). Fe3O4 NPs themselves are capable of increasing GPx activity, likely because of their peroxidase-like enzymatic properties (group V) [19]. This scenario

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• /bjnano.15.124 Abstract ʟ-Carnosine is a dipeptide with notable antioxidant, antiglycation, metal chelating, and neuroprotective properties. Despite its many biological roles, applying ʟ-carnosine as a capping agent in nanoparticle synthesis has remained underexplored. This study explores the potential of

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. However, their clinical application is often hindered by poor water solubility, low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and instability under physiological conditions. Polymer lipid

• in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine because of its numerous health benefits. CUR is known for a wide range of therapeutic effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-arthritic properties [77][78]. Despite

• exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-allergic properties [85][86]. QCT belongs to the BCS class-II drugs and shows very poor solubility. The low solubility of quercetin in aqueous environments leads to poor dissolution and

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• herbaceous plant with yellowish-white flowers grows from May to June. Rheum ribes is the only Rheum species growing in Turkey. Flavonoids, stilbenes, and anthraquinones in its structure are the main phenolic components that provide a potential antioxidant effect to this plant. The young shoots and leaf stems