Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• = 660 eV) core levels corresponding to the same conditions as in (a); red vertical lines indicate the binding energies obtained for the optimized O2H–H2O complex on CoTPyP/GR from ab initio DFT calculations for different O 1s core levels, as labeled in (e): 1 − physisorbed/ wetting water, 2 − OOH, 3

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• Ultura DLD system (Kratos, UK), and the binding energies were calibrated to C 1s = 284.8 eV. The specific surface area and pore size were analyzed using low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption measurements conducted with an ASAP 2460 (USA). The absorption spectrum of the sample was acquired through UV

• . The C 1s spectrum shows a peak at 284.8 eV, corresponding to adventitious carbon, which was used as the reference for binding energy calibration. Additional peaks at higher binding energies (286–288 eV) are attributed to oxygen-containing functional groups (C–O and C=O), indicating partial oxidation

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• on the optimized BiVO4(326) sample. The survey spectrum (Figure 7a) confirmed the presence of Bi, V, and O, which is consistent with the BiVO4 structure. High-resolution Bi 4f spectra (Figure 7b) show a characteristic doublet at binding energies of 159.0 eV (Bi 4f7/2) and 164.2 eV (Bi 4f5/2

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• on density functional theory calculations of binding energies and machine learning algorithms for an efficient catalyst design [15][17][19]. The synthesis of HEA NPs has been realized by many methods, including carbothermal shock synthesis (CTS) [20][21], chemical reduction [22][23], fast-moving bed

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• XPS spectra of SLG/α-Al2O3(0001) is shifted to the lower binding energies by 1.0 eV compared with that of graphite (284.4 eV) [23]. This is due to p-type doping of SLG associated with a strong electrostatic interaction between SLG and the α-Al2O3(0001) at the interface [18]. In SLGO, on the other hand

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• energies of 285 and 368 eV, respectively. The high-resolution individual elemental XPS spectra of C 1s and Ag 3d are exhibited in Figure 2c–d. As shown in Figure 2d, the C 1s spectrum of the PG-CDs-AgNPs composite exhibited four primary peaks at binding energies of 282.9, 285.3, 287.1, and 288.5 eV. These

• peaks could be ascribed to the C–C (sp3)/C=C (sp2), C–O, C=O, and O–C=O groups, respectively [31]. In addition, the Ag 3d spectra (Figure 2c) of PG-CDs-AgNPs exhibited two characteristic peaks at binding energies of 368.7 and 374.6 eV equivalent to Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2, respectively [32]. It has been

• analysis was implemented to study the elemental composition of PG-CDs-AgNPs and the corresponding chemical interaction between PG-CDs and AgNPs, as depicted in Figure 2b–d. As illustrated in Figure 2b, XPS total survey profile of the PG-CDs-AgNPs is composed of carbon and silver elements, with binding

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• 150 K, using a photon energy of 410 eV. At low exposure, the most intense peaks at 285.1 eV (1) and at 286.2 eV (2) on CeO2(111) and at 286.3 eV (1) and at 287.6 eV (2) on CeO2−x(111) are ascribed to methyl and alkoxy groups of adsorbed ethoxy species, respectively. The slightly different binding

• energies on the two surfaces are ascribed to the different Ce3+ concentrations in the two ceria films. The different intensity ratios between the methyl- and alkoxy-related peaks on the two surfaces are assigned to different adsorption and dissociation pathways for ethanol on a stoichiometric and a non

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• to the Mo4+ state in 2H-MoS2 [47]. In addition to the main peak, there are two weak doublets with Mo 3d5/2 binding energies of 230.1–230.3 eV and 231.6–231.9 eV, which belong to the oxidized forms of molybdenum in the Mo5+ and Mo6+ sates, respectively [48]. The XPS S 2p spectra of the initial MoS2

• that the PyC films transferred onto the surface of the SiO2/Si substrate and the MoS2 film have the same structure. After sodium deposition on the PyC film for 10 min and then 20 min, the sp2 peak shifts by 0.5 and 0.6 eV, respectively, towards higher binding energies. This shift is due to the charge

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• investigated samples in a wide range of binding energies, where the domination of the O 1s line is indisputable. The discrepancies in the percent atomic composition estimated according to these results are collected in Table 2. In the case of FS0, the majority are O 1s states; next in terms of quantity are C

• XPS spectra of the Fe 2p multiplet structure for the FS0 and FST samples exhibit two main peaks with very similar binding energies around 710 eV and 723 eV (see Figure 12a) assigned as Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 core lines with the spin–orbit splitting of about ΔE ≈ 13 eV [87][88][89]. To the experimental

• data (grey squares in Figure 12), the fitting procedure was applied, after which the Fe 2p core-level spectra for both samples were deconvoluted into six peaks whose parameters are gathered in Table 3. It is clearly seen that the binding energies of the obtained components under the Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• and spectrum) and Cr 2p3/2 (c, d) (map and spectrum) core level maps at binding energies of about 200 and 576 eV, respectively. SPEM spectra from thick (T) and lean (L) areas on ITO. (a) SPEM image to verify the area of interest. (b) Cr 2p3/2 core level spectra. (c) O 1s core level spectra. CrCl3 on

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• the electrodes is attenuated. The apparently larger length of the nanowire in the In and P maps as compared to the Au map is due to the finite width of the X-ray beam, and demonstrates the convolution of nanowire shape and beam shape in the resulting image. The binding energies of the In 4d and P 2p

• resulting height profile (bottom) of a nanowire with its catalytic Au particle at the top. b) SPEM images of a nanowire deposited with both ends on separately contacted Au/Ti electrodes with a trench in between, obtained around binding energies of 129 eV (P 2p, left), 17.5 eV (In 4d, middle), and 83.5 eV

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• the high binding energy observed between water and porous h-BN, despite Mulliken analysis indicating no significant charge transfer. The calculated O–-H bond lengths suggest the presence of hydrogen bonding, and a comparison of binding energies obtained using PBE and BH functionals indicates that van

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . The 23 eV gap between two binding energies suggests that the Zn element is in a +2 oxidation state. The 1s orbital spectra of oxygen in Ag–ZnO samples are shown in Figure 7c, revealing a peak with a binding energy of 528 eV. The oxygen peak can be resolved into two distinct peaks, which indicates two

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• information about the elemental composition, chemical states, and electronic states of the elements present in the nanoparticles. The XPS spectra of the PEG–PCL nanoparticles (Figure 2e) showed prominent peaks at binding energies of 284.8, 532.7, and 486.7 eV, corresponding to carbon, oxygen, and tin

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• ][56][57][58]. Two peaks were needed to fit the high-resolution O 1s region spectra with central binding energies of (532.0 ± 0.5) eV, consistent with C=O functional groups, and (533.5 ± 0.5) eV, assigned to C–O species [52][53][54][55], in keeping with prior data for hydrophilic carbon fiber paper [22

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• integration of MOFs in the polymeric membrane [113][137][143][146][147]. XPS is commonly used for obtaining spectra of the chemical composition of the outermost 10 nm of a surface. Specifically, XPS provides a spectral representation of binding energies on the surface, which can be referenced to specific

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• shifted towards lower binding energies (74.6–74.8 eV), and a shoulder appears at 77.5–76.9 and 76.8–76.4 eV for Ti-WNh-C and Ti-ENh-C, respectively. An exemplary decomposition of the Al 2p XPS spectrum for Ti-W24h-C is shown in the inset of Figure 4a. For the Ti-WNh-C series, the position of the

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• with the Pt species produced as a result of ion irradiation (red). The solid and dashed purple lines indicate the binding energies for the Pt 4f7/2 peaks associated with the Pt(II) and Pt(0) parent and product species, respectively. A comparison of the CO loss (left) and Pt(II) reduction (right) from

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• spectra (Figure 3b,d,f) yield peak envelopes made up of four distinct peaks. These four peaks from high to low binding energies, correspond to C–C/C–H bonds (285 eV), C=O bonds (288 eV), and two peaks related to fluorinated species (CF2 at 290.6 eV and CF3 at 293 eV) [28][42]. The C–C and C=O peaks likely

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• transferred from neutrinos to helium against the background of binding energies, that is, not worse than 0.1 meV. However, a lower resolution is sufficient to detect that a scattering event has taken place, it is estimated that δE of less than 1 eV will already suffice for this purpose. Microcalorimeters

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

•  1, Figure S2 shows that the number of interacting atoms (i.e., atoms with distances less than 3.0 Å) between TA and GO is not directly correlated with the binding energy. However, a higher number of weak vdW interactions can lead to similar binding energies as those of snapshots that have fewer

• into equally spaced snapshots, and the average binding energies and standard error of the mean between TA and GO structures were calculated from DFT calculations. Figure 5 shows that the interaction between TA and GO increases with the oxidation level of the GO surface, which can be explained by the

• surfaces via oxygen-containing functional groups, resulting in enhanced binding energies. Nevertheless, the adsorption of TA also involves weaker interactions mediated by the carbon framework. DFT calculations using Fukui functions demonstrated that TA interacts with the most reactive sites of GO, and van

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• /bjnano.15.82 Abstract Electronic and structural properties of calcium clusters with a varying size range of 2–20 atoms are studied using a two-step scheme within the GW and density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The GGA overestimates the binding energies, optimized

• clusters are limited to the dimer, where the binding energies and/or the ionization potentials (IPs) were determined spectroscopically [9][10][11][12]. In addition to the experiments, a few theoretical DFT studies on calcium clusters focus only on metallic behavior, vibrational frequency analysis, and

• . Moreover, some studies have shown controversy in the binding energies of ground state clusters even for similar geometry and functionals used for calculation [1][13]. In addition, there are no reported G0W0 studies for Ca clusters, which in the past have provided better IP and Egap for various systems. For

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• binding energies). This means there is no chemical shift in the compounds, implying that the intermixing of Mo and W did not disturb the chemical environment, and the elements retained a stable chemical bond. Microstructure analysis Figure 4 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of all

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• and energy of the incoming ion and on the mass of the target atom. It may be expressed as the spatial distribution of the energy transferred/deposited within the target [27][28]. Sometimes the energy distribution on the target atoms at the surface may be sufficient to overcome binding energies so as

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• curve fitting after Shirley background subtraction [38]. The two major symmetric peaks at 35.87 and 38.00 eV binding energies correspond to the 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 levels (spin–orbit splitting: 2.13 eV), respectively, indicating the presence of W6+ in the as-deposited WOx films [38][39]. The two minor peaks

• at 34.78 and 36.92 eV can be designated to 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 levels of the W5+ oxidation state [40]. Similarly, the presence of W6+ and W5+ is observed in the annealed WOx films, where the W 4f7/2 and W 4f5/2 peaks corresponding to the W6+ state are found at slightly smaller binding energies (35.82 and