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Search for "capillary" in Full Text gives 226 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44
- platelet deposition in post-capillary venules in the liver and heart, suggesting the role of this protein in nanoparticle-mediated platelet aggregation [14][15]. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) of different sizes were found to activate glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and to induce the expression of P-selectin in
- function of the pH in the range from 2–9. The NP suspensions were diluted in ultrapure water at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The pH of the suspensions was adjusted by adding diluted NaOH or HCl solutions and the samples were introduced into disposable folded capillary cuvettes (Malvern Panalytical
Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag+: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33
- ) were obtained on an AmazonX mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). The measurements were carried out in the regime of positive ions in the range of m/z from 100 to 2800. The voltage on the capillary was −4500 V. Nitrogen was used as the gas-drier with a temperature of 300 °C and a
An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23
- the macropore space. A 1:1 copy of the pristine SiO2 macropore space is obtained (Figure 1, top). In case of the mesopores the filling is based on a substantial capillary pressure, capturing the nonpolar liquid precursor within the mesopores, which are then replicated. The corresponding SEM images
Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4
- centrifuge vials under magnetic stirring. The temperature was precisely maintained with an uncertainty of ±1.5 °C, using an ethylene glycol heating bath and an IR laser thermometer. The credibility of temperature measurement was evaluated by comparison between IR and capillary thermometers. Before immersion
The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250
- was converted into ζ-potential values by means of the Smoluchowski equation using Malvern Zetasizer software (v7.11). Capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis measurements were performed at 25 °C on a P/ACE MDQ Plus (SCIEX, Warrington, UK) equipped with a 50 cm effective length (70 cm total length
- ) capillary with 75 μm internal diameter (Beckam Coulter, Brea, USA) and a photodiode array detector operating at 214 nm. The capillary was first conditioned by successive rinsing steps (all performed at 20 psi): 5 min with 1 M HCl, 2 min with deionized water, 10 min with 0.1 M NaOH, 2 min with deionized
- the end of each measurement, the capillary was rinsed with water for 1 min at 20 psi. Data acquisition and analysis were performed respectively with software packages 32 Karat (SCIEX) and OriginPro 8.5.1 (OriginLab Corporation, US). A calibration curve was obtained by injecting HA at known
Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246
- , the liposomal suspension was diluted 1:10 with PBS and transferred to a clean folded capillary cell (Malvern, DTS1070). Liposomal stability in PBS and 10% serum An aliquot of the liposomal suspension was diluted 1:10 with either PBS or 10% FBS in PBS and transferred to individual microcentrifuge tubes
Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245
- compartment with a Luggin capillary. The counter electrode is placed in the compartment where it can be separated from the central compartment by a glass frit. All electrochemical measurements were carried out using a bi-potentiostat purchased from Pine Instruments, Inc. (model AFBPC1) in combination with
- small compartment filled with the same electrolyte and separated from main compartment by a capillary. Pt/Ir (90:10) STM tips with a diameter of 0.25 cm were prepared by etching in a 2 M KOH/4 M KSCN bath and coated with hot-melt glue containing different types of polymer (provided by Steinel) to
Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231
- (pore size: 0.2 µm; materials: nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for particles dispersed in cyclohexane and nylon or regenerated cellulose for particles dispersed in ethanol, Rotilab). Zeta potential measurements of the aqueous dispersions were carried out with a Zetasizer Nano ZS in capillary
Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205
- IONPs at the gas/liquid interface, the variation of the interfacial tension was acquired using a Tracker® tensiometer (Teclis, Civrieux d’Azergues, France). A 5 µL bubble was formed at the end of a steel capillary that had a tip diameter of 1 mm. The rising bubble was saturated with F-hexane by purging
The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204
- conditions and the capacity dimension of the nanowires was obtained. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); capillary force; metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE); multifractal analysis; nanoarchitectonics; nanowires; self-assembly; Introduction In the last years, huge progress was made regarding the
- surface [29][30]. Considering two adjacent NWs, first 1) the capillary force between them should be able to overcome the elastic force moving them back to the original straight position, in order to bring them into contact during the evaporation of the liquid. Then a stable bundle will occur if 2) the
- , such that the other end is deflected by a length w, the magnitude of the elastic force acting on it can be calculated from the Euler–Bernoulli elementary beam theory [32], and it is given by where E is the Young modulus of the pillar and I is its area moment of inertia. The magnitude of the capillary
Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203
- later) without damaging the tip. Moreover, the hydrophobicity reduces capillary formation at the tip–sample contact area. Capillary condensation causes a locally enhanced presence of condensed water molecules [22], which might correspond to a much higher relative humidity near the apex. Furthermore, the
Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200
The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191
- used in the IW method increases support–metal interactions leading to more rapid deposition. The minimal amount of solvent will also be readily adsorbed into the internal pores of the material by capillary action, encouraging the metal to deposit on the micropores and mesopores and not just on the
- external surface. In contrast, the excess solvent used in WI will promote deposition primarily on the external surface. AE results in a reasonable deposition efficiency (0.49 wt % Au). Likely the evaporation stage of this process also encourages limited capillary action, similar to IW. Excellent agreement
Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175
- and D2O was added (or a D2O-filled capillary was used for a lock signal). Along with the disappearance of the 1H NMR signals of the reactant (CYS), a new set of proton signals of the product emerged (Figure 1). All new signals were shifted downfield by approximately 0.2 ppm. According to detailed 1H
- , respectively. The samples were prepared in UPW with the addition of D2O to a final volume ratio of 10%, or in some cases, a capillary filled with D2O was used as an external lock. 1H NMR spectra were recorded in 10–20 min intervals during the NP synthesis, starting immediately after the mixing of reagents (t0
Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166
- nanoparticle dilutions described above were transferred into a folded capillary cell and the experiment was conducted at 22 °C. Morphological analysis of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 3 µL of diluted HAS nanoparticle suspension (0.25 mg/mL) was applied on a 0.1 µm membrane filter
Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150
- yielding an aspect ratio different from 1 for all investigated nanosilica populations. The measured AFM height is generally lower than the SEM diameters. This rises the following questions: Is the particle deformed on the substrate due to capillary forces? Does the measured discrepancy between AFM and SEM
- that PSL NPs could be squished on the substrate causing a deformation of the NP due to capillary forces [25][26]. Indeed, for a PSL NP with a nominal diameter equal to 50 nm, the difference between height and diameter measured by electron tomography is 6.5 nm, even reaching 7.4 nm for a 100 nm nominal
- substrate under ambient conditions, since the area/volume ratio becomes important, capillary adhesion forces must be taken into account. Deformations of the silica NP and substrate can be assessed using the model developed by Derjaguin, Muller and Toporov (DMT) [33]. This model describes the elastic
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101
- the same instrument by laser Doppler microelectrophoresis to provide information about the surface charge of the NPs. The NP dilutions described above were transferred into a folded capillary cell and the determination was conducted at 22 °C. Morphological analysis of nanoparticles by SEM A quantity
- ultrapure water. Subsequently, the sample was transferred into a folded capillary cell and the zeta potential of the NP–protein complex was determined as described above. Identification of corona proteins by LC–MS/MS Corona proteins were identified using a shotgun proteomics-based approach that has become
- dynamically excluded from repeated fragmentation for 45 s. Conditions for electrospray ionization (ESI) were: capillary temperature 225 °C; vaporizer temperature 350 °C; sheath gas flow 40 (arbitrary units); auxiliary gas flow 20 (arbitrary units); sweep gas flow 5 (arbitrary units); source voltage 3.5 kV
Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96
- lowest separation resolution. Since the stationary phase used in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has a high surface area, NCs with high surface activity can be irreversibly adsorbed by the column packing material, which limits its application to the separation of NCs. For capillary electrophoresis
- (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this limitation can be overcome to some extent by reducing the surface effects of the separation system. The capacity for each run of these two methods (micrograms for HPLC and nanograms for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)) have hindered
- nanoparticles (NPs). Although dialysis can be a useful means of removing impurities from NPs, it is a very time-consuming technique. Capillary electrophoresis provides an efficient and simple technique to fractionate water-soluble NCs [19], however it often depends on the specific core or ligand shell
Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95
- –brain barrier using rat brain capillary endothelial cells (rBCEC4). All types of nanoparticles were taken up time-dependently by the rBCEC4 cells, albeit to a different extent, causing a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Nanoparticle exposure did not change cell proliferation
- , namely co-culture or 3D models that mimic the in vivo situation more closely. Experimental Cell culture The immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line rBCEC4 was characterized and kindly provided by Dr. Ingolf E. Blasig (Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80
- -sized graphene flake wherein we have induced a further rotation of the flake utilizing the capillary forces at play at a solid–liquid interface using STM tip motion. We propose a more “realistic” tip–surface meniscus relevant to STM at solid–liquid interfaces and show that the capillary force is
- sufficient to account for the total expenditure of energy involved in the process. Keywords: capillary force; graphene; graphite; HOPG; moiré; solid–liquid interface; STM; superlattice; Introduction Graphite is a layered material with graphene sheets arranged in ABAB stacking. HOPG is an ordered form of
- an STM image is a map of the local electronic density of states (LDOS), such electronic modifications may be visualized in real space. When STM is operated at solid–liquid interfaces, the capillary force due to the meniscus formed between the tip and the surface could be utilized for mechanically
Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72
- thickness of the SiNWs [34]. Geometry, density and the changes in surface morphology of the SiNWs influence the variations in SERS intensity. The second observation can be explained in two ways. Firstly, 4-MPBA interacts with water; and secondly, EtOH or H2O capillary forces influence the surface morphology
- [35]). The influence of the capillary forces will be discussed in the following sections. Ag decoration and morphology of Si nanowires and immersion-induced changes Using 500 °C as the optimal VLS process temperature, we decorated SiNWs through Ag sputtering. The sputtering time varied from 3 to 30
- S16). As reported in [42] we assume that capillary forces dominate over van der Waals forces by several orders of magnitude. During drying, the adhesion between liquid and SiNW surface pulls and bends the SiNWs, changing the substrate morphology and consequently increasing the SERS intensity. Water
Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41
- ][25]. The porosity of this shell could suit for the immobilization of the transition-metal catalyst, as capillary forces would suck the impregnation solution within the shell and only excess solution would go into the voids between the particles. Subsequent chlorination of the carbide core to obtain
Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17
- -through cell with embedded quartz capillary (ID 1.7 mm, wall thickness 50 µm; aligned with the X-ray beam) using a peristaltic pump (Gilson MiniPuls 3, flow ca. 500 mL/min; tubing: ID 2 mm, total length 2 m; reactor-to-cell-distance: 0.7 m of tubing). All experiments were conducted at 21 °C. Once a SAXS
- the silica NP solution circulating through the capillary, prior to the fast injection of the entire content of the tube containing the lysozyme with a single rapid push of the syringe plunger that lasted ca. 200–400 ms. This fast injection rate in combination with the fast stirring in the reactor (500
- the injection moment and the first actual measurement of the mixed solution, i.e., the time required for the mixed solution to reach the capillary where the SAXS pattern was recorded. In order to be able to analyse and model the silica–LZM composite scattering patterns we also acquired a series of
pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14
- empty capillary. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were acquired on microtomed samples (slices of ≈70 nm thickness) with a JEOL 1200 EX II instrument operating at 120 kV. Material characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done on a HITACHI S4800 (FEG-HR) apparatus operating
- with H1-like hysteresis loop (IUPAC classification [34]) showing capillary condensation at a relative pressure p/p0 ranging from 0.42 to 0.70. This indicates that the structural mesoporosity presents a cylindrical pore geometry with a high degree of pore size uniformity. This is confirmed by the narrow
- capillary condensation took place. [33]. The materials prepared at higher pH (pH 7.4 and 7.9) exhibited a relatively well-ordered pore arrangement, whose mesostructure was however difficult to identify (Figure 2a and Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1). Nonetheless, some insights can be gathered
Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8
- between the adhesive and the substrate, in the form of intermolecular forces, capillary forces, and suction forces. To achieve intimate contact between the adhesive and the substrate, researchers have been designing micropatterned adhesives with a low effective elastic modulus Eeff [6]. For example, micro
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