A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• prepared using the sol–gel method had better catalytic activity than that of the impregnation method. Besides that, a huge amount of oxygen vacancies and superoxide ions was observed when cobalt metal was introduced via the sol–gel method, thereby enhancing the SCR performance. On the other hand, the co

• loading Zn- (Fe-, Ni-, Cu- or Ag-) promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst to study the effect of additive metals on the SCR of NO. From the experimental studies, it was found that this technique definitely contributes towards a good homogeneous dispersion and helps prevent aggregation of highly deposited cobalt on

• alumina. Moreover, a uniform morphology of the catalyst was obtained and small-sized deposited cobalt was sustained under the presence of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn or Ag. Meanwhile, Sun et al. [46] planned to enhance the performance of MnOx catalyst for the SCR-NH3 of NO reaction by modifying it with Eu using the co

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• framework of the metal atoms of these heterometallic clusters. In H2FeRu3(CO)13 and HFeCo3(CO)12 each tetrahedron contains one iron atom and three ruthenium or cobalt atoms, respectively. The coordination sphere contains the carbonyl as well as hydride ligands, which results in a highly symmetrical molecule

• [HFeCo3(CO)12]− anion is markedly larger than that on the cobalt atoms forming the base plane. The situation is different for H2FeRu3(CO)13 where the C3v symmetry is broken with a bridging CO between two of the three base plane metal atoms (Ru) and the apex iron. The HOMO of H2FeRu3(CO)13 shows a bonding

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• purities of W from 55 to 70% [6][7]. For comparison, the deposition of cobalt from Co(CO)3(NO) leads to around 50% purity [8] or satisfying purity over 95% using the dimer Co2(CO)8 [9]. Only few types of precursor molecules can be converted into a layer with satisfying level of purity, for other elements

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• ZrO2 films co-doped with both iron and cobalt, whereas in the films doped only with 1% iron, only paramagnetic behavior was observed [10]. In our films in the present study, the material layers were evidently crystallized already in the as-deposited state, which was sufficient for the appearance of

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• average size of the Cu crystals doubles between 100 and 300 °C of annealing temperature, while the composition remains constant. In contrast, for Co-containing deposits oxygen release was observed upon annealing, while the carbon content remained approximately constant; the cobalt atoms coalesced to form

• removing the carbon matrix and drastically reducing the electrical resistance of the deposit. Keywords: copper; gold; cobalt; focused-electron-beam-induced deposition; noble metal; non-noble metals; post-growth annealing; Introduction Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) constitutes a well

• materials. We present the potential of this protocol with respect to the aforementioned works for the fabrication of pure copper and gold nanocrystals embedded in a graphitic matrix, as well as cobalt–carbon nanocomposite films, from the as-prepared amorphous metal–C deposit. Finally, a new H2-assisted Au–C

Dry adhesives from carbon nanofibers grown in an open ethanol flame

• Christian Lutz,
• Julia Syurik,
• C. N. Shyam Kumar,
• Christian Kübel,
• Michael Bruns and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2719–2728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.271

• properties that make them the material of choice for many applications [2]. In general, 1D-CNs grow via catalytic centers, typically transition metals such as iron, cobalt or nickel, in the constant presence of a carbon source at temperatures ranging from several hundred up to over thousand degrees Celsius

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• though the metal content (Co) of the latter is reduced in comparison to the Fe deposits, effective CNT growth was observed for the Co-containing deposits at lower CVD temperatures than for the corresponding Fe deposits. Keywords: autocatalytic growth; carbon nanotubes; cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl

• coated copper grid of 300 mesh. Two precursors were used for the fabrication of Fe and Co nanostructures: iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) and cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl (Co(CO)3NO), respectively. Fe(CO)5 was purchased from ACROS organics, Co(CO)3NO was purchased from abcr GmbH & Co. KG. The quality of the

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• purity [48]. For cobalt, a combination of heat, H2 exposure and electron irradiation improved the metal content in the deposits [49]. Similarly, in the case of platinum, several purification approaches have been studied, including laser assisted purification [50][51], a sequential EBID process and

Synthesis of metal-fluoride nanoparticles supported on thermally reduced graphite oxide

• Alexa Schmitz,
• Kai Schütte,
• Vesko Ilievski,
• Juri Barthel,
• Laura Burk,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Junpei Yue,
• Bernd Smarsly and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2474–2483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.247

• performance of lithium-ion batteries [58][59][60][61]. Herein, we report on the utilization of metal amidinates (M{MeC[N(iPr)]2}n or M(AMD)n) of iron, cobalt and praseodymium and of tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium, Eu(dpm)3 as precursors with different types of TRGO for the synthesis of

• of cobalt amidinate on TRGO-300 to TRGO-750 rather aggregated metal assemblies were obtained under the used reaction conditions so that individual particles were difficult to discern and no clear sizes could be derived (Figures S9 and S13 in Supporting Information File 1). TRGO-SH was derived from

• TRGO-400 by reaction with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) and propylene sulfide. Subsequently, the TRGO-SH carries sulfur functionalities on the surface that were intended to increase the interactions with the nanoparticles (see Scheme S2, Supporting Information File 1) [7]. Also, from cobalt amidinate

Dynamic behavior of a nematic liquid crystal mixed with CoFe₂O₄ ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a magnetic field

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Cristina Stan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2467–2473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.246

• chloride and cobalt sulfate at a molar ratio of 2:1 in alkaline reaction medium (2 M NaOH) as described in detail in [20]. After the precipitated particles were separated from the reaction medium, they were repeatedly washed with deionized water. An aqueous solution of perchloric acid (25%) was added to

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• nanostructures for a broad range of technical applications. Experimental Materials Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), diethylene glycol (DEG), acetone, copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O), nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O), cobalt

Dissociative electron attachment to coordination complexes of chromium: chromium(0) hexacarbonyl and benzene-chromium(0) tricarbonyl

• Janina Kopyra,
• Paulina Maciejewska and
• Jelena Maljković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2257–2263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.225

• reaction channel decreases with the number of carbonyl groups that are detached from the TNI to form the respective anions. This behavior has already been reported from DEA to metal carbonyls (e.g., Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, Cr(CO)6, Mo(CO)6, W(CO)6) [32], as well as from cobalt tricarbonylnitrosyl [9], and π

Magnetic properties of optimized cobalt nanospheres grown by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) on cantilever tips

• Soraya Sangiao,
• César Magén,
• Darius Mofakhami,
• Grégoire de Loubens and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2106–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.210

• work, we present a detailed investigation of the magnetic properties of cobalt nanospheres grown on cantilever tips by focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID). The cantilevers are extremely soft and the cobalt nanospheres are optimized for magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) experiments

• , which implies that the cobalt nanospheres must be as small as possible while bearing high saturation magnetization. It was found that the cobalt content and the corresponding saturation magnetization of the nanospheres decrease for nanosphere diameters less than 300 nm. Electron holography measurements

• show the formation of a magnetic vortex state in remanence, which nicely agrees with magnetic hysteresis loops performed by local magnetometry showing negligible remanent magnetization. As investigated by local magnetometry, optimal behavior for high-resolution MRFM has been found for cobalt

Electronic structure, transport, and collective effects in molecular layered systems

• Torsten Hahn,
• Tim Ludwig,
• Carsten Timm and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2094–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.209

• the two organic systems between Au(111) surfaces. The electronic properties of both systems are altered due to the interaction with the gold surface. While in the contact-free CoPc/CoPc stack, the cobalt atoms couple antiferromagnetically, yielding an S = 0 system, the interaction with the gold

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• the product of Co nanowires was collected and rinsed three times with deionized water and ethanol, respectively. Next, 0.3 mL of 80 wt % N2H4·H2O were added to the cobalt nanowires with 60 mL of deionized water in a glass beaker, and heated in a water bath at a stationary temperature of 80 °C

• elemental spectrum corresponding to the selected area. Figure 4b shows that the as-prepared product contained elemental cobalt as well as elemental copper, which is in accordance with the XRD patterns. Additionally, silicon, carbon and platinum peaks were from the calculation of the elementary composition

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• application of Fe3O4@Met NPs for the adsorption of water pollutants. In this study, we report a novel synthesis protocol for superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite NPs capped with a biocompatible methionine shell (CoFe2O4@Met), which in turn is capable to reduce and attach the gold species. In this way, hybrid

• magneto-plasmonic cobalt ferrite NPs decorated with Au0/Au1+ quantum dots (QDs) were formed for the first time. The formation of plasmonic gold QDs at the surface of iron oxide-based NPs was confirmed by HRTEM, AFM, FTIR, XPS and chemical analysis. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of

• methionine-functionalized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles A hydrothermal approach was applied to synthesize the superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite NPs stabilized with methionine. The proposed approach differs from the reported one [19] in the nature of magnetic NPs, the composition of the aqueous solution applied

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• minimally absorbed by tissue chromophores and water [24]. Therefore, tunable plasmonic nanoparticles that can respond to NIR light and can be manipulated with a magnetic field hold great promise. Among various magnetic nanoparticles, cobalt nanoparticles have attracted much interest due to their strong

• magnetic properties and their greater stability toward oxidation compared to Ni- and Fe-based magnetic nanoparticles [23]. Notably, there have been a handful of studies on magneto-optical nanostructures consisting of cobalt coated with gold. Bao and co-workers synthesized magnetic Co–Au core–shell

• nanoparticles [25] by reducing an organo-gold compound onto a cobalt seed with a weak reducing agent in toluene. These particles showed superparamagnetic behavior and a strong optical extinction at ca. 680 nm. Similarly, Wetz and co-workers prepared hybrid Co–Au nanorods via decomposition of an organometallic

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• ][8]. Phthalocyanine molecules can harbor a number of metal ions, in particular transition-metal ions such as cobalt, iron or manganese. A special characteristic of transition-metal centered phthalocyanines is, that transition-metal ions often are characterized by a magnetic moment, and therefore such

• reaction between F16CoPc and MnPc at the corresponding interface, which affects the cobalt states of F16CoPc. This conclusion is supported by equivalent investigations of CoPc monolayers on gold and silver surfaces, where similar changes in the absorption spectra were observed and where a charge transfer

• between the cobalt 3d states and the underlying metallic substrate occurs [131][132]. Moreover, also the Mn L2,3 absorption edge is subject to substantial changes for MnPc molecules in contact to F16CoPc in comparison to pure MnPc [127]. This provides clear evidence that the charge transfer at the MnPc

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and thermogravimetric analysis of two series of substituted (metallo)tetraphenylporphyrins

• Rasha K. Al-Shewiki,
• Carola Mende,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Tobias Rüffer and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1191–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.121

• , which were based on tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3) sandwiched between La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 and cobalt electrodes, was reported more than a decade ago [5]. This finding motivated the development of further novel devices as, for example, spin-OFETs (organic field effect transistors) [4]. The nature

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• field of adsorption enable the adaption to catalytic applications [2]. For example, cobalt diselenide nanoparticles can be grafted onto a carbon fiber felt creating a three-dimensional hydrogen evolution cathode based on the high conductivity of carbon fibers [3]. A primary objective of the present

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• presence of Co2+ and Cr3+ ions. Reactions were carried out at three different temperatures: 90, 130 and 170 °C. All prepared samples exhibit a tetragonal MnO2 crystalline phase. SEM–EDS analysis shows that cobalt cations are incorporated to a higher degree into the MnO2 framework than chromium ions, and

• synthesized at 170 °C is significantly lower than in the undoped samples. Analysis of an individual cobalt-doped α-MnO2 nanorod with HAADF-STEM reveals that the distribution of cobalt through the cross-section of the nanorod is uniform. The course of thermal decomposition of the doped nanorods is similar to

• cryptomelane samples exhibit a higher thermal stability than undoped ones. For instance, doping with tin and cobalt shifted the reduction of α-MnO2 to Mn2O3 from 500–550 °C (undoped sample) to 850–900 °C [19][20]. This was ascribed to the incorporation of dopant ions into tunnels stabilizing the structure [19

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• inhalation of some ENMs may cause additional adverse outcomes, such as damage to the respiratory tract, inflammation, and activation of signaling pathways. For additional routes of exposure, such as dermal absorption, existing evidence suggests that certain ENMs may penetrate the skin (e.g., cobalt

Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption of vibrational modes of organic molecules

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Olga Cherkasova,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Ekatherina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Sreetama Banerjee,
• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 975–981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.99

• /bjnano.8.99 Abstract Nanoantenna-assisted plasmonic enhancement of IR absorption and Raman scattering was employed for studying the vibrational modes in organic molecules. Ultrathin cobalt phthalocyanine films (3 nm) were deposited on Au nanoantenna arrays with specified structural parameters. The

• . Keywords: cobalt phthalocyanine; cortisol; localized surface plasmon resonance; metal nanoantennas; Raman scattering; surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA); Introduction Organic semiconductors have been extensively investigated during the past few decades due to their wide range of applications in

• detection and analysis of vibrational modes of cobalt phthalocyanine deposited on Au nanoantenna arrays. The estimation of the plasmonic enhancement of the fabricated nanoantenna arrays was performed by analyzing the SEIRA and SERS spectra of homogeneous, ultrathin Co Pc films. We also demonstrate SEIRA by

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• intermediate nickel carbide phase in the nickel catalyst [65][69][84]. The presence of intermediate carbide phases was also reported for cobalt catalysts. Buyanov and Chesnokov suggested that the carbide cycle mechanism could be applied to the growth of carbon filaments on all iron-group metal catalysts

• , including cobalt [75]. The authors of recent studies on the growth of nanotubes by the CVD method [65][69][84] also showed that iron, cobalt and nickel catalysts followed a similar reaction path with the formation of intermediate carbide phases during the synthesis process. It should be noted that the

• TEM [52], especially in the case of partial carburization of catalyst particle at its surface [65]. However, in situ TEM confirmed the structure of iron and cobalt carbides when they were the active catalyst phase of the nanotube growth [61][62][81][89][90][91]. Some authors reported that iron carbide

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• NPs of transition metal (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu, Fe) oxides for LIB applications by using 2 µm cobalt oxide (CoO) particles, achieving an electrochemical capacity of 700 mAh·g−1 with 100% capacity retention for up to 100 cycles [26]. For metal oxide in LIB applications, volume expansion occurs during the Li

• reaction medium due to the presence of the magnetic Fe2O3 NPs. In addition, the materials could be regenerated and utilised via a simple annealing treatment. Cobalt oxide (CoO, Co2O3, Co3O4)–graphene hybrids Cobaltosic oxide (Co3O4)–graphene hybrids can be synthesised by solution methods. Like other hybrid

• plays a role. Mao et al. have prepared 3D crumbled cobalt–GO nanostructure hybrids which show both ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [171]. Wu et al. have prepared 3D Co3O4/flocculent graphene hybrids on Ni foam for supercapacitor applications as their nanocluster morphology synergistically